In the last decade, virtual attacks in the form of cyber espionage has become more and more rampant. The commission of such crime is through state and non-state backed actors against government websites, public and private networks, individuals and also economic giants. Cyber espionage is seen as a developing crime due to the unlimited connectivity of these cybercriminals to cyberspace which translates it as a visible threat to national security. The risk of cyber espionage is more prevalent and viable as the cyberspace environment facilitates anonymity. The predominant theories adopted to understand cyber espionage is the Risk Society Theory (RST) and the Cyber-Securitisation Theory (CST). However, on their own, these two theories are deficient in that RST relies on the risks and insecurities that come with modernisation, and CST only focuses on the transformation of a domain into a matter of national security. Given these problems, this paper aims at examining each model and expandin.....

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