Biomedical grade of cobalt based alloy have found a plethora of applications as medical devices especially in dental and articulation joints like in total ankle, knee and hip arthroplasty. However, the long-term performance of this material is highly dependent on their ability to withstand in harsh aqueous environment effects such as corrosion and wear once they are used inside a human body. Loss of surface integrity and subsequent leaching of toxic metal ions as well as particles to the surrounding tissues may undermine biocompatibility of metallic implants, also potentially causing untimely loss of mechanical function and device failure. In this study, a biomedical grade of CoCrMo alloy surface was treated with various surface modification techniques such as chemical etching and mechanical roughening in order to improve its biocompatibility. Investigation was done to study which surface modification techniques possesses the positive effect in cell growth and exhibit excellent cell re.....

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Pahang Black Sambal is a traditional food derived from the areas around West Pahang namely Kuala Lips, Jerantut and Raub. This black sambal is uses the flavours of the people around West Pahang and has since become more popular throughout Malaysia. This emerging opportunity began to increase the interest of the young locals to empower the making of this type of sambal. Hence, various initiatives provided by the government attracts new entrepreneurs to venture into the Small and Medium Industry (SMI). This study is aimed at innovating the design and development of special machines to enhance the productivity of Pahang Black Sambal, thereby helping existing operators meet the growing demands of customers. The steps taken are target specifications, generate the concept, choose the concept and test the Black Sambal Cooking Machine. Then when the final specification and concepts are chosen, the development of the product can be done...

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Preventing corrosion in bio implant is essential in overcoming allergic symptoms and inflammation as a result of biomaterial implants in human body. Upon contact with fluids, such as bloodstream, metal implants turn highly antagonistic, which leads to corrosion. Scientific findings have indicated that implant metals must go through surface modification to create a layer between metal surface and fluidic environment. This method has displayed good anti-corrosion performance. Surface modification is composed of three methods, namely mechanical, chemical, and physical modifications. This paper focuses on the chemical technique, which is the sol-gel dip technique, and thermal oxidation as the intermediate layer between hydroxyapatite (HA) and metal surface. A summary of recent progress related to sol-gel and HA research applications is presented as well. Combination of the two methods hasshown good results in degradation ion activity...

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The surface modification technique has been reckoned as a potential approach in addressing and improving several properties in materials, such as chemical and phase compositions, thickness, morphology, and structure. Thermal oxidation treatment in air is a modification technique that has been widely applied, mainly because it is low in cost and it can easily enhance the properties by influencing both the structure and the properties of the material surface layer. As such, this paper looked into the technique of thermal oxidation treatment to enhance the aspects of wear and corrosion resistance against titanium-based alloy (Ti-based alloy) for biomedical application, such as for surgical implants. Ti and its alloys appear to be the most suitable materials for implants due to their low wear and corrosion resistance characteristics in body fluid, thus resulting in the release of non-compatible metal ions by the implants into the human body. Hence, treatment parameters should be weighed in.....

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This study identifies the level of motivation of polytechnic lecturers who teach entrepreneurship courses through the encouragement perspectives obtained by each lecturer to teach entrepreneurship courses. Purposive sampling was used. Thirty lecturers from five departments responded. A questionnaire contained eight items about improving lecturer motivation. A pilot study investigated 15 entrepreneurship course lecturers with entrepreneurship experience over five years of experience at the Sultan Azlan Shah Polytechnic (PSAS). Motivation was found to be one contributor to increasing lecturers’ professionalism. Lecturers’ motivation in improving professionalism in teaching entrepreneurship courses is high, when the overall mean for teaching and learning indicators is 4.17. In a nutshell, the study suggests that the level of motivation plays an important role in improving the professionalism of lecturers teaching entrepreneurship to polytechnic students. The study implies that lecture.....

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This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of teaching aids using M-Learning application for Design and Technology Subjects. A total of 30 students Design and Technology subjects Form 1 of Kubang Kerian High School, Kelantan have answered the questionnaire. This questionnaire consists of five constructs namely Information design, Interaction design, showcase design and Training design (Sketch). This app was developed using ADDIE model. The overall findings of the research showed that the students were difficult to understand the topic of Pictorial Sketch was 2.45 at moderate level. After the study was conducted with the application of EZ Pictorial, the overall study findings rose at a high level of 4.64. This app enhances the level of understanding of the students and provides students with a fun learning situation. It is believed that this app will encourage student to learn difficult subject thus increase the performance of student achievement.  ..

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This work aims to study the effect of mechanical treatment technique on titanium coated with PVD for the enhancement of corrosion resistance for the biomedical implant. First, substrates were coated with TiN via PVD then applied the mechanical treatment through ultrasonic vibration. Results show that all coated samples treated with ultrasonic vibration improve the surface of the coated sample and produce a compact coating as compared with a substrate coated without mechanical treatment. The corrosion test evaluated by Potentiodynamic polarization and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy indicated that all coated samples treated with mechanical treatment showed high corrosion resistance as compared with the untreated sample. It can be concluded that mechanical treatment which is a simple technic can be used as an alternative to improve the corrosion resistance thus reduce the implant and manufacturing cost for biomedical applications. ? Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd...

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Surface modification techniques have been proven to enhance resistance towards corrosion, to slow the process of wearing, to reduce metal ions release, as well as the process of biomaterial osseointegration. Not only that, these techniques could extend the longevity in materials related to implant, primarily because of its response towards the host of body. Generally, these techniques can be further broken down into physical, mechanical, and chemical approaches. As such, this paper presents further information pertaining to the numerous types of methods for modifying surfaces, along with their benefits and drawbacks. Additionally, several other significant aspects are detailed as well in this paper, for example, the materials and biomaterials used for implant, as well as a number of issues concerning the usage of alloy, biomaterial and titanium. ? 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved...

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