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1
Abstract
The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of selected macroeconomic variables on public expenditure in the UAE during the 1975-2020 period, based on the Wagner (1883) law of increasing state activities. The study employs several estimation techniques including the Gregory-Hansen cointegration approach, Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing technique, the Canonical Cointegrating Regression (CCR), Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) estimators, the Non-linear ARDL (NARDL) method, and the Toda-Yamamoto causality procedure. The results of the cointegration tests demonstrate the presence of a long-term relationship between public expenditure and the selected variables. Further, the results of the different estimation techniques illustrate that oil price, tax burden, fiscal deficit, outward flow of money and FDI, and interest rate influence the level of public expenditure significantly both in the short-term and the long-term. Moreover, adoptin.....
Thesis Published 2022 2137 hits Available
2
Abstract
Setelah berlaku beberapa peristiwa keganasan, umat Islam telah dituduh sebagai terroris, ganas dan ekstremis. Fenomena ini berlawanan dengan visi Islam di mana umat Islam adalah umat terbaik dan agama Islam adalah agama sempurna. Keadaan ini juga menyusahkan ramai umat Islam dan perlu diperbetulkan. Beberapa orang ilmuwan Islam termasuk Mohd Kamal Hassan (selepas ini disebut Kamal Hassan) telah melaungkan konsep wasatiyyah bagi menerangkan yang Islam tidak begitu. Penyelidikan ini bercorak kualitatif dan menggunakan kaedah deskriptif, analisis dan sintesis. Konsep wasatiyyah adalah satu ajaran Islam yang sangat kukuh. Konsep in berasal daripada al-Qur’an dan pemahaman mengenainya disokong oleh Hadith Nabi SAW, pentafsir al-Qur’an seperti Sheikh Abdullah Basmeih, Ibnu Kathir, Muhammad Asad, Sayyed Qutb, Wahbah Az-Zuhaili dan Yusuf al-Qardhawi. Konsep ini disokong dan diperkukuhkan lagi dengan konsep-konsep dan ciri-ciri Islam termasuk konsep ketuhanan, kemanusiaan, konsep syumul, ko.....
Article Published 2023 571 hits Available

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