In the study, it was aimed to determine the students' basic mathematical problem-solving skills according to the problem-solving stages of Polya and the effectiveness of preschool education in problem solving. Besides, in the study, it was specified that the problem posing skill levels of the students were determined according to the definition made by Stoyanova and Ellerton. The study group of the research consists of students who had to take a break from pre-school education for a while due to the Covid-19 pandemic that emerged at the beginning of 2020 in Turkey, and who completed the second education-teaching period remotely and started the first grade in primary school. Descriptive scanning and clinical interview methods were used to determine problem solving and setting approaches. Within the scope of the study, the answers given to ten different basic problem types to determine the basic mathematical concepts and skills that children should acquire for mathematical development in.....

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Kajian ini dijalankan untuk memperkenalkan instrumen naik turun bangku boleh laras yang dibina bagi menguji daya tahan kardiovaskular berdasarkan ketinggian sudut pinggul 82°, di samping mendapatkan kebolehpercayaan dan kesahan. Seterusnya instrumen ini ditadbirkan ke atas pelajar lelaki dan perempuan yang berumur 10, 11 dan 12 tahun di Tanjung Malim, Perak. Seramai 90 orang subjek dipilih secara rawak bagi ujian lapangan dan makmal menggunakan protokol Treadmill Bruce sebagai rujukan kriteria.Bagi mendapatkan nilai kebolehpercayaan, kaedah uji ulang uji telah digunapakai. Manakala analisis Korelasi Pearson ProductMoment digunakan untuk melihat kesahan di antara ujian lapangan dan makmal. Analisis kebolehpercayaan menunjukkan terdapat kebolehpercayaan yang tinggi bagi bangku boleh laras yang dihasilkan oleh penyelidik. Hasil kajian juga menunjukkan bangku sedia ada 12 inci tidak mempunyai kesahan yang tinggi bagi pelajar lelaki dan perempuan peringkat umur 10 dan 11 tahun, akan tetapi.....

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