During the COVID-19 era, most countries, including Malaysia, have shifted from face-to-face teaching systems to online teaching programs. The aim of this study is to identify the main challenges that higher education students face during e-learning based on their residential location throughout Peninsular Malaysia. This study further examines the readiness of higher education students to apply e-learning. Therefore, a cross-sectional survey approach is used to fulfil the outlined objectives. Accordingly, 761 public (95.3%) and private (4.7%) higher education students residing in Peninsular Malaysia are sampled in this study. The survey was administered online for 37 days, from 21 October 21 to 6 December 2021, using either WhatsApp or Facebook. The raw data is inferentially (Principal Component Analysis, K-Means Clustering, Kruskal Wallis, and spatial analysis) and descriptively (mean, standard deviation & percentage) analyzed. It has been revealed that six clusters of students in Peni.....

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In Malaysia, school activities were disrupted from 2020-2021 due to the enforcement of the Movement Control Order (MCO) in response to the COVID-19 pandemic that hit the country. It caused many things to be temporarily disrupted including co-curriculum activities at school. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine pupils’ perceptions of the co-curriculum activities carried out by the school during the MCO and the effect of those activities on national integration among the pupils. It was quantitative research using a set of questionnaires as its research instrument. The research location was at Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia where five secondary schools were selected. A total of 487 pupils, consisting of 243 Form two pupils and 244 pupils Form four pupils represented various ethnic and religious backgrounds. As a result, the study found that the national integration process was incorporated well through the co-curriculum activities even though the activities were conducted thro.....

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