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Patronage and capitalism in the Musical associations of late nineteenth-century Colonial Manila

Abstract

The rapid economic growth in the colony beginning in the mid-nineteenth century gave rise to a modernity that transformed the musical mode of production in Manila. A new market comprised of the culturally-supportive elite and middle-class population patronised musical productions. In addition, musicians and other artists formed unions to create an institutionalised representation of themselves corresponding to the larger socio-political and economic forces in the network of production, creating new relations necessary in the existing social formation. Exchanges between the various players of the musical mode of production required matching forces to avoid exploitation, particularly of labour. This article examines three of the more prominent musical associations in the late nineteenth century—Liceo Artístico-Literario, Sociedad de Conciertos Unión Artístico-Musical, and Sociedad Musical Filipina de Santa Cecilia—investigating how they advanced music and education and promoted th.....

Article Published 2019 858 hits Available

Phytochemicals and Antibacterial activity of Zingiber zerumbet growing in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

Nur Atielia Preshahdin

Abstract

The present study is aimed at analysing the chemical composition of essential oil and screening the phytochemicals in crude extracts from the rhizomes of Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Roscoe ex Sm. (Zingiberaceae) as well as determining their antibacterial activity. The essential oil was extracted from the fresh rhizomes using the hydrodistillation method and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The phytochemicals from the dried rhizomes were extracted by sequential maceration technique using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol, while phytochemical screening was carried out using standard chemical tests. Antibacterial activity was screened using the disc diffusion method. A total of 31 components (94.5%) were detected in the rhizome oil with zerumbone (28.4%), terpinen-4-ol (16.5%) and α-humulene (11.1%) as the main components. Phytochemical screening of the extracts obtained from the dried rhizomes disclosed the existence of steroids, terpenes, quinones, flavonoids, p.....

Article Published 2023 614 hits Available

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