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Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis unsur yang membentuk bahasa kiasan metafora dalam struktur sampi. Berasaskan pendekatan secara kualitatif, kaedah deskriptif digunakan untuk mengkaji dua buah mantera perhumaan (sampi umai) yang diambil dari buku Sampi Enggau Biau. Analisis kandungan digunakan untuk menerangkan pembinaan struktur dan bahasa kiasan metafora dalam sampi. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan lapisan bahasa yang terkandung dalam pendahuluan sampi ialah seruan permulaan, bertabik dan pengenalan diri. Lapisan bahasa yang terdapat dalam bahagian isi pula ialah tujuan, seruan, persembahan sajian (piring), suruhan dan dialog dengan Petara (Dewa-dewi). Pada bahagian penutup sampi terkandung lapisan bahasa doa restu manakala struktur sampi menggunakan ayat seruan, ayat penyata, ayat tanya dan ayat perintah. Unsur yang terdapat dalam bahasa kiasan metafora terdiri daripada unsur alam dan bukan alam. Unsur alam terdiri daripada unsur tumbuhan, haiwan dan manusia, manakala unsur bukan a.....

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[No abstract available]..

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Agarwood is described as fragrance wood that is usually derived from the trunk of genus Aquilaria which have been infected by a particular disease. The main focus of this research is to study the effectiveness of four chemical inoculants applied into 6 year old karas tree (A. malaccensis) plantations in Slim River, Perak, Malaysia using dripping techniques. The inoculants used were labelled as A, B, C and D. Commercial inoculant, labelled as K, was used for comparison purposes and control labelled as N. After eight months of inoculation, the karas tree were cut down and discoloured tissue samples were collected. Solvent extraction methods using dichloromethane (DCM) was carried out to obtain the resin crude extract from the plant tissue. Resin crude extract were then analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that all chemicals successfully stimulated agarwood production. Inoculant A produced the highest crude extract recovery (8.63%) compared to in.....

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Agarwood (A. malaccensis) is a valuable tree; highly sought after the resin and its essential oil. It also possesses bioactive compounds that are beneficial for health. However, less is focused on the agarwood leaf despite the recorded use in traditional medicine. As such, this present work focused on the screening of operational parameters of hydrodistillation and Soxhlet extraction of agarwood leaf extract (ALEX) with subsequent phytochemical and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) analyses. Hydrodistillation failed to obtain any essential oil. Therefore, only Soxhlet extraction was further studied based on Plackett-Burman design generated using Design Expert software, version 6. The parameters studied were solvent type and volume, time, leaf type and particle size. Based on the ALEX yield obtained, solvent type was found to be the most significant parameters followed by solvent volume, particle size and time. Meanwhile leaf type was found to be the least influential paramete.....

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  The cocoa agroecosystem provides favorable conditions for numerous insect species, with more than 200 species were recorded in Malaysia. Some of the insects are economically important, particularly insects that are associated with cocoa plantation. A collection of insects was built up from 1981, throughout Malaysia via insect samplings and field observations in various landscapes, ranging from monoculture to intercropping planting systems. The sampling technique includes hand-picked, baiting techniques, sweeping for aerial and flying insects, trapping for crawling and ground surface insects as well as light traps for nocturnal insects. At current, more than 10,000 individual insects were collected. Of these, 11 orders of insect from 177 families belonging to more than 600 species were identified, deposited and conserved in the Entomology Laboratory at the Cocoa Research and Development Center Bagan Datuk (CRDC Bagan Datuk) of the Malaysian Cocoa Board (MCB). In order to disseminate.....

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Kajian  ini  bertujuan  mengkaji  nilai  patriotisme  dalam  novel  Leftenan  Adnan  Wira Bangsa    yang   digunakan   dalam   mata   pelajaran   Bahasa   Melayu   untuk   pelajar Tingkata.n  4.   Kajian  ini  menggunakan  teori  Teksdealisme  oleh  Abdul    Rahman Napiah.  Kaedah  kajian  yang   digunakan  adalah  reka  bentuk  kuantitatif  dengan  . gabungan  antara analisis teks, penilaian  berstruktur di dalam kelas  dan  soal selidik. Kaedah analisis teks digunakan untuk menilai watak  dan peristiwa yang menerapkan unsur  patriotisme.  Kaedah  penilaian  pra  dan  pasca  di  dalam   kelas  dijalankan  bagi menilai kebolehan pelajar terhadap mendefinisikan maksud patriotisme.  Penilaian ini dijalankan berdasarkan model penilaian formatif Tessmer. Sementara itu, soal selidik  digunakan  bagi  mengenal  pasti  kesesuaian  teks  dengan  peringkat  usia  pelajar.  Tiga jenis   instrurnen  kajianÂ.....

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Kajian berkaitan Tahap Kebolehan Pelajar Mendefinisikan Patriotisme melalui Pengajaran Novel Leftenan Adnan Wira Bangsa ini bertujuan menilai kebolehan pelajar mendefinisikan patriotisme dengan tepat melalui pengajaran novel Leftenan Adnan Wira Bangsa yang menjadi teks kajian novel pelajar tingkatan empat. Kajian ini dibuat penilaian di dalam kelas. Kajian ini juga bertujuan menguji Teori Teksdealisme terhadap novel yang dikaji. Reka bentuk kuantitatif digunakan untuk mendapatkan data penilaian berstruktur di dalam kelas. Instrumen kajian digunakan iaitu teks novel yang dikaji, set soalan dan rekod anekdot yang telah disemak oleh pakar untuk tujuan kesahan serta kebolehpercayaan. Pemilihan subjek kajian dijalankan secara persampelan kebarangkalian melibatkan 35 orang responden yang terdiri daripada pelajar tingkatan empat di Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Bukit Sentosa, Selangor. Penilaian pra dan pasca pengajaran yang dibuat adalah berdasarkan Model Penilaian Formatif Tessmer (1993). Dat.....

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