Research on chinese word "de" is complex and old. In Teaching Chinese as A Second Language, usage of "de" word is not only important but also complicated. To foreign students, using Chinese word "de" is a very hard grammar to learn. In China, they were many research on structural particle "de", but research on error analysis of foreign students studying Chinese in structural particle "de" is still incomplete, because most of the researches are on description phase only. To this day, there is still no research has been made on error analysis of Malaysian studying abroad in Chinese language on structural particle "de". First, I made a comparison in classification and usage of structural particle word in Malay language and structural particle word "de" in Chinese language. In accordance with structural particle word in Malay language and structural particle word "de" in Chinese language, then I made a test to beginner, intermediate and advance learner of Malaysian studying abroad in Chine.....

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Ejaan Jawi lama yang tidak sistematik menyebabkan ramai orang sukar untuk teks Melayu lama. Keadaan ini amat merugikan kerana dalam teks Melayu lama terkandung pelbagai bidang ilmu yang perlu diterokai bagi membolehkan ilmu tersebut dikaji dan dimanfaatkan. Oleh itu, kajian ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk membuat analisis dan perbandingan kaedah ejaan Jawi lama antara surat dan antara abad. Tujuan utama kajian ini adalah untuk mengenal pasti kaedah ejaan Jawi dalam perkataan ekasuku dan dwisuku/trisuku, ejaan kata ganda, ejaan berangkai dan ejaan kata pinjaman Arab di samping mengenal pasti penggunaan huruf gubalan Melayu dan penggunaan tanda diakritik. Bagi mencapai objektif tersebut, 10 pucuk surat Melayu lama dari abad ke-16 hingga abad ke-18 telah digunakan sebagai bahan kajian. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa terdapat tiga kaedah ejaan bagi perkataan dwisuku/trisuku berkombinasi vokal iaitu Kaedah Tanpa Vokal, Kaedah Campuran dan Kaedah Vokal manakala perkataan ekasuku, kebiasaannya.....

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Teacher’s education is significant in producing a competent teacher to teach effectively. Thus the design of the curriculum structure is important to prepare prospective teachers to be equipped with the relevant subject matter knowledge and pedagogical skills. This article aims to provide a review and comparison analyses of two teaching Chinese as a second language (TCSL) pre-service teacher education programs. The study identifies the differences and similarities between two TCSL programs namely the Bachelor Degree in Education (Chinese Language Education for Primary School-PISMP-SK) conducted in IPGM (Institute of Teacher Education Malaysia) and Bachelor Degree in Teaching Chinese as a Second Language (TCSLB) which is conducted in Beijing Foreign Studies University, China (BFSU). Documentary study is adopted to identify thesimilarities and differences in the curriculum structure of PISMP-SK and TCSLB Chinese language programs. Analysis show that both programs consist of core course.....

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Recycling is known as the best approach to reduce disposal costs and prolongs the lifespan of landfill sites. However, the ignorance and negligence on the importance of recycling have lead to various solid waste management problems. This paper investigates the community willingness to participate in recycling practices through community waste bank in Kundasang, Sabah. Prior to the implementation of waste bank in Kundasang, a questionnaire survey was conducted to 300 households in four main villages. About 66.7% of respondents has agreed on the implementation of community waste bank as the community recyclables collection. The existing recycling activities were low as only 34.2% of the respondents practice solid waste separation at source. Other findings revealed that community’s recycling practices was influenced by their socio-economic background. Respondents’ education level was shown to influence their knowledge on solid waste separation and recycling practices. Although the maj.....

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Makalah ini membincangkan latar belakang seorang pengkaji bahasa Melayu dalam kalangan sarjana dari Barat iaitu William Marsden (1754 -1836 M) yang dikumpul menerusi kajian kepustakaan. Di samping itu, makalah ini turut membahas tentang penglibatan beliau yang paling ketara dalam memperkembangkan bahasa Melayu. Bagi tujuan yang pertama, penelitian telah dilakukan dengan memetik secara langsung maklumat dari sumber-sumber kepustakaan manakala bagi tujuan kedua pula, penelitian telah dibuat terhadap kamus susunan beliau iaitu A Dictionary of the Malayan Language (1812). Hasil penelitian telah menemukan beberapa maklumat mengenai latar belakang sarjana ini yang boleh dikaitkan dengan dorongan kepada penglibatan beliau dalam perkembangan bahasa Melayu. Di samping itu, penelitian terhadap kamus tersebut jelas memperlihatkan penglibatan langsung beliau khususnya dalam usaha menggunakan bahasa Melayu secara tidak formal dan mempromosi bahasa Melayu kepada orang-orang Barat. Maklumat daripada .....

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