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9 record(s) found

The effects of over, required and under-education on earnings in manufacturing sector in Malaysia

Abstract

This paper presents returns to education by taking into account the quality of jobs match held by workers in the manufacturing sector of Malaysia. This type of study is quite rare not only in the country but also across developing nations. Using the Second Malaysia Productivity Investment Climate Survey (PICS-2), nearly 20 per cent and 30 per cent of workers employed in jobs for which they are overeducated and undereducated, respectively. Further findings indicated that over-education is more acute amongs highly-educated workers whilst under-education is more evident for lowly educated workers. By gender, women have a higher proportion of over-educated workers compared to men. Consequently, over-education leads to lower productivity in terms of earnings. In the study, augmented Mincer earnings equation, i.e. the ORU model clearly showed that although returns to surplus education was positive ( ), the return was lower than the returns to required education ( ), approximately 6 per cent .....

Article Published 2014 839 hits Available

Wage effect of over-education and mismatch in Malaysia a random effect approach

Zakariya Zainizam,

Article Published 2014 1037 hits Available

Workplace characteristics and determinants of over-education and overskilling in the manufacturing sector in Malaysia

Zakariya Zainizam, Mohd. Noor Mohd Asri,

Article Published 2014 1802 hits Available

The incidence and the effect of overskilling on individuals wages in Malaysia: a quantile regression approach

Zakariya Zainizam, Abdul Jalil Norasibah, Khoo Yin Yin,

Article Published 2017 2525 hits Limited

Regional economic growth in Malaysia: Does aggregate overqualification matter?

Zainizam Zakariya

Abstract

This paper explores the impact of aggregate overqualification on regional economic growth in Malaysia from 2005 to 2017 using Dynamic Panel Data (DPD) approach. The aggregate overqualification was gauged as the percentage of workers with at least a bachelor’s degree qualification who employed in an occupation below than the professional job level. Following the method, while the incidence stood at 1 percent, it was however higher in Kuala Lumpur (4.4 percent) and Selangor (3.9 percent) and was much lower in Perak (-0.26 percent) and Perlis (-0.12 percent). Moreover, the incidence was higher after 2010. Empirical findings revealed strong evidence of negative impact of the aggregate overqualification on regional economic growth. Yet, the magnitudes of the effect were smaller, between 0.02 and 0.03. Further analysis revealed the negative impact was greater in most developed states and for the period after 2010. The findings depict that there is a growth penalty for not being fully utili.....

Article Published 2019 1085 hits Available

Unlocking the nexus: Exploring the mediating and moderating dynamics of risk factors in economic literacy for organizational performance - A systematic review

Zainizam Zakariya

Abstract

Purpose: Recognizing economic literacy as a vital form of intellectual capital provides essential tools to mitigate the adverse impact of risk factors on business organizations' performance. This recognition serves as a strong rationale for prioritizing economic literacy as a strategic asset in navigating the complexities of risk factors for sustained organizational performance. To bridge this gap, this study examines the role of risk factors in the economic literacy of an organization and how they affect organizational performance. Design/methodology/approach: This exploratory study employed a qualitative research method, utilizing a systematic review with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach to identify gaps. A comprehensive search across databases was conducted using keywords related to risks, economic literacy and organizational performance. In total, 32 articles were meticulously analyzed, focusing on methodology, results and dis.....

Article Published 2024 505 hits Available

The determinants of the incidence and the effects of overeducation in the Malaysian labour market

Zainizam Zakariya

Abstract

This paper attempts to study the quality of jobs match held by workers in the manufacturing sector of Malaysia. Relevant issues are thus covered: the incidence, determinants, and wage impacts of overeducation. Using the second Malaysia Productivity Investment Climate Survey (PICS-2), nearly 20% and 30% of workers are employed in jobs for which they are overeducated and undereducated, respectively. Further examination suggests that overeducation is not only due to lack of human capital accumulation (work experience and training) and soft skills, i.e. English proficiency, leadership, and creativity, but also related to firm characteristics in terms of firm size, the share of university workers at the workplace and hiring practice. Evidently, using augmented Mincer earnings equation signifies that being overeducated leads to a greater wage penalty. The return of surplus education (overeducation), in particular, is lower than the return of required education (6% against 10%) regardless of .....

Article Published 2013 137 hits Available

Returns to education: what does over-education play

Zainizam Zakariya

Abstract

This paper attempts to study returns to education by taking into account of the quality of jobs match held by workers in the manufacturing sector of Malaysia. This type of study is quite rare not only in the country but also across developing nations. Using the second Malaysia Productivity Investment Climate Survey (PICS-2), nearly 20% and 30% of workers employed in jobs for which they are overeducated and undereducated, respectively. Further findings indicate that Over-education is more acute amongst highly-educated workers whilst under-education is more evident for lowly educated workers. By gender, women have a higher proportion of overeducated workers compared to men. Consequently, over-education leads to a lower productivity in terms of earnings. The augmented Mincer earnings equation, i.e. the ORU model clearly show that although returns to surplus education was positive (So), the return was lower than the returns to required education (Sr), approximately 6% against 10%. This mea.....

Article Published 2013 61 hits Available

The incidence and wage effects of over and under-education among ethnic groups in Malaysia

Zainizam Zakariya

Abstract

This paper extends the study of over-education in Malaysia by looking at the incidence and wage effects of over- and under-education across ethnic groups. Using the second Malaysia Productivity Investment Climate Survey (PICS-2), around 18% and 28% of workers employed in jobs for which they are overeducated and undereducated, respectively. By ethnic group, around 19% of Malays were overeducated with the corresponding figure of 15% each for the Chinese and The Indians. By contrast, around one-third of Chinese and Indian were undereducated as compared to 26% for the Malay. With respect to earnings outcomes, Ordinary Least Square (OLS) models showed that being over educated resulted in a greater earnings loss, around 9 to 11% irrespective of gender. However, being undereducated increases the individuals_ wage premium by around 9 to 12%. Close examination by ethnic groups revealed that the penalty is greater for the Indians (15%) and followed up by the Malays (10%) and Chinese (5%).Neverth.....

Article Published 2015 55 hits Available

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