The use of smartphones among young children is increasing rapidly with the advancement of technology. However, excessive use can lead to addiction and have negative impacts on children. This study aims to translate the Smartphone Addiction Instrument for early childhood into Indonesian and subsequently verify the validity and reliability of the instrument. This study is a cross-sectional observational survey involving the participation of 50 parents of children aged 4-5 years in data collection. There are three stages in this study: the translation process was developed through translation and back-translation; the validity involves three types of testing: content validity by consulting three experts: a psychologist, a psychiatrist, and an early childhood education lecturer; structural validity conducted through exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis; and construct validity conducted using the Pearson test; and the reliability test was assessed using Cronbach's Al.....

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This study investigates the power graphs of the symmetric groups ____ for 3 _ __ _ 6. In a power graph, vertices represent group elements, and edges connect vertices if one element is a power of the other. The study identifies key structural patterns, including over 250 distinct subgraphs for ____. Specifically, complete subgraphs ____, correspond to cyclic subgroups of prime power orders. In contrast, incomplete subgraphs highlight the non-cyclic nature of symmetric groups for __ > 4, as they cannot be generated by a single element. This research provides a systematic characterization of power graphs for small symmetric groups, offering new insights into their combinatorial structure. Additionally, it contributes to the existing literature by demonstrating how the complexity of power graphs increases with __, revealing intricate power relations and the presence of both cyclic and non-cyclic structural components. Keywords Power graph of group, symmetric group, cyclic group, non-cycli.....

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This study used a pre-experimental research design with a quantitative survey. The study utilized the STEM teaching model developed in the previous study and implemented five STEM teaching practices for physics student teachers (PSTs) over two months. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used to analyse the data. The study showed that before the intervention study, PSTs had a low awareness of STEM education (mean = 2.525; standard deviation (SD) = 0.681) and a low level of readiness (mean = 2.786; SD = 0.718). After the experiment, both means increased significantly, reaching 3.83 (SD = 0.70) and 3.51 (SD = 0.91), respectively. Inferential statistics showed that there were significant changes in the STEM awareness and readiness of PSTs before and after the experiment (both p < .01;). The results of the Paired T-test showed Cohen's d of 0.912 and 0.558, respectively, which have a large and moderate effect. In summary, the STEM teaching model had a positive impact on the .....

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The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect Algebra Tiles as manipulative tool on Form Four students_ overall achievement, conceptual knowledge, procedural knowledge and mental effort in learning the topic of Quadratic Equations. A quasi-experimental pre-post control design of a pre_post control group was conducted with Form Four students from a national secondary school in Shah Alam, Malaysia. Four classes were randomly assigned to either two classes the treatment group (n=60) and two classes the control group (n=60). The treatment group used the Algebra Tiles as teaching tool (PJA), while the control group underwent conventional teaching method (PK) for the topic of Quadratic Equations. There are two instruments used in this study: the Quadratic Equation Achievement Test (UPPK) and the Mental Effort Rating Scale (SPUM). Data was analyzed using descriptive analysis (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics through MANOVA. The findings of the study showed th.....

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This study aims to propose a new mathematical model for transmitting stunting prevalence in children. This study develops an initial model of stunting prevalence, namely the B.____ID compartment model, which considers important characteristics of stunting transmission. In this study, the resulting model is ____ ____ = __ _ __________ _ ____, ______ ____ = __________ _ ________ dan ____ ____ = ______ _ ____. This mathematical model will include the development of difference and differential equations to represent the transmission of stunting prevalence in real life, such as being able to describe the development of stunting in the future. Authorities can use this new initial mathematical model as a prevention strategy to reduce stunting prevalence. The extension of this study will include the application of the proposed BStID mathematical model to stunting data in Indonesia. Keywords: Children, Compartment Model, Difference Equation, Differential Equations, Stunting..

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This study compares two commonly used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) methods_Partial Least Squares SEM (PLS-SEM) and Covariance-Based SEM (CB-SEM)_to assess customer loyalty data in the telecommunications industry. The comparison was conducted using a dataset of 448 mobile service users in Melaka, where service providers have faced challenges in meeting performance standards. Findings reveal that PLS-SEM outperforms CBSEM in terms of Average Variance Extracted (AVE) and Composite Reliability (CR), with AVE values exceeding 0.68 compared to CB-SEM's 0.58, and CR values above 0.89 compared to CB-SEM's 0.84. These results highlight PLS-SEM_s superior construct reliability and validity, particularly for complex models and smaller sample sizes. This study provides valuable insights into selecting appropriate SEM techniques for customer loyalty research. Keywords: PLS-SEM, CB-SEM, customer loyalty, telecommunications, construct validity...

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The textbooks used are now the primary reference for teachers and students in following the learning system that the Ministry of Education Malaysia (MOE) has set up. This study explored students' ontogenic learning obstacles in learning Functional Graph Topic Form Two which is in the textbook. The researcher used a qualitative design by conducting semi-structured interviews with six students form two students who had undergone learning the Functional Graph Topic. The interviews were based on the student's experiences and answers to the written test sessions. Six respondents were selected from 22 students based on the criteria of the written test who studied the Functional Graph Topic with the same teacher. After the selection, interviews were conducted with the six respondents. Some aspects of ontogenic learning obstacles are psychological ontogenic learning obstacles, instrumental ontogenic learning obstacles, and conceptual ontogenic learning obstacles. In this research, the aspect o.....

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A needs analysis was conducted to identify the current requirements and preferences of students for the development of a Circle Kit for Form 2 Mathematics topics. The research involved a random selection of secondary schools from Kedah, Perlis, and Johor, with 90 Mathematics teachers chosen through purposive sampling to serve as the study_s samples. Employing a quantitative approach, data were collected using the Needs Analysis Questionnaire (NAQ) as the survey instrument, and the data were analysed using descriptive statistics. The findings revealed that 95.5% of the respondents acknowledged the need for a Circle Kit specifically tailored for Form 2 Mathematics. Moreover, a substantial majority, 75.4%, identified the Circle topic as the primary focus requiring attention in the development of the Circle Kit. Specifically, this study focuses on key aspects such as content, activities, assessment, and materials to optimise the effectiveness of the Circle Kit. In terms of content, 70.1% o.....

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The machine learning approach is widely used to investigate human activities, such as in the art field. In the music industry, a song's popularity is essential to predict before it is released. In this paper, we were interested in predicting the popularity of songs using the __-nearest neighbor regression. The Spotify app was used to gather some information related to the audio features of a song, i.e., song duration, instrumentalness, loudness, acousticness, danceability, energy, liveness, speechiness, audio valence, key, audio mode, tempo, and time signature. This research used mixed-type variables; thus, the dissimilarity is measured using the Gower distance. In addition, two weighting methods were also compared to predict song popularity. Using 10-fold cross-validation, we found that the inversely proportional weights-distance showed better prediction performance when compared with equal weight. Moreover, we also found the best performance in predicting the song popularity is obtai.....

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Spatial heterogeneity in family planning is a critical issue that reflects significant variations in contraceptive use and related indicators across regions, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to enhance family planning services. The Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model, a spatial analytical approach, incorporates geographic weights at each observation site to estimate localized regression parameters. This study aims to identify the GWR model and determine the factors influencing the Contraceptive Prevalence Rate (CPR) in 19 districts and cities in West Sumatera Province in 2023. The Adaptive Kernel Bisquare Function is employed to assign spatial weighting, while Cross-Validation (CV) is used to optimize the bandwidth, ensuring robust and localized model estimation. Using secondary data from the West Sumatera Central Bureau of Statistics, the study reveals substantial spatial variability in the factors influencing CPR. Key determinants include the number of fami.....

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