Objective: Sexual  education  for  children  is  crucial  as  it  aids  in  their  understanding  and appreciation of their bodies. This research aims to develop a Body Safety Module as a teaching tool  for  primary  school  students.  The  modules  were  analyzed  to  determineperception  of usability as well as their effectiveness. Methods:This study focuses on design and development research, adopting the five phases in the ADDIE model for the module development process. To evaluate the module’s effectiveness, 205  respondents  were  randomly  chosen  to  complete  a  questionnaire.  Furthermore,  an additional 71 pupils participated in pre-and post-effectiveness tests. This study examined three specific aspects of validity: content validity, questionnaire validity, and the effectiveness of pre and post-test. Results and conclusion:The module received extensive professional review and agreement, showing  a  93.73%  agreement  on  the  valid.....

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Accuracy and speed are critical factors that influence tennis performance. Various studies have examined speed, but less attention has been given to understanding the probabilistic structure of errors (i.e., accuracy). Tennis, a racquet sport requiring high physical fitness during competition, emphasizes the importance of both ball accuracy and speed for success. This is especially true for young male competitive tennis players. This study aimed to analyze the ball accuracy and ball speed of running groundstrokes on a clay court. Sixteen males at national-level junior tennis were assessed (age: 15.50 ± 0.63 years; height: 178.44 ± 8.08 cm; body weight: 67.25 ± 7.72 kg; body mass index: 21.12 ± 1.93 kg/m2). All participants measured running groundstroke performances by hitting a ball to a target square and hitting it as fast as possible by using a ball machine that fed 10 balls at a velocity of 60 km/h, with a 2-minute break between trials. The running groundstroke variables measure.....

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Background: Since the turn of the 21st century, research on an inquiry-based approach in science education has increasingly been geared towards the integration of technology, primarily focused on secondary and tertiary education. Thus far, no study has reviewed research on a technology-integrated, inquiry-based approach in the specific context of primary science education. Purpose & Method: This scoping review has two primary aims: to investigate the characteristics of the technological interventions used in previous research that employed an inquiry-based approach in science education and to examine the effects of this integrated approach on primary pupils’ learning in science. Fifteen articles from science education journals based on Scimago Journal Rank in the first quartile of 2020 and the Scopus database of the years 2017 to 2021 were extracted and reviewed using narrative and thematic analysis. Findings: The review navigates research that has focused on the development of inqui.....

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Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a crucial element of modern technology, especially in the healthcare sector, which is apparent given the continuous development of large language models (LLMs), which are utilized in various domains, including medical beings. However, when it comes to using these LLMs for the medical domain, there’s a need for an evaluation platform to determine their suitability and drive future development efforts. Towards that end, this study aims to address this concern by developing a comprehensive Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) approach that is specifically designed to evaluate medical LLMs. The success of AI, particularly LLMs, in the healthcare domain, depends on their efficacy, safety, and ethical compliance. Therefore, it is essential to have a robust evaluation framework for their integration into medical contexts. This study proposes using the Fuzzy-Weighted Zero-InConsistency (FWZIC) method extended to p, q-quasirung orthopair fuzzy set (p, .....

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Football is complex because it involves physical aspects, technical competence, the ability to understand tactics, and psy-chological conditions. This study focuses on exploring the psychological characteristics needed by U17 football players in Indonesia and Malaysia to become professional football players in the future. The researcher used a qualitative method with a grounded theory ap-proach to find these psychological characteristics. The researcher conducted interviews, observations, and document analysis to collect data from  25 football coaches in Indonesia and Malaysia who  already have a football coaching license and have at least five years of experience as U17 football coaches who were participants in this study. The license and knowledge ofthe coaches are expected to be valuable sources of information in this study. The data collected were analyzed through several steps, starting from open coding, axial coding, and selective coding, to find themes that emerged from the co.....

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This study aims to test the validity and reliability of the TGMD III test instrument for measurement gross motor skill Indonesia Children. The research was conducted in July‑August 2023, with upper class students at state elementary school 1 of Piyungan, IDEA Kalasan Elementary School, and state elementary school of Bendungan as subjects. The sample selection technique uses Random Sampling, selected students in each class are randomly selected, bringing a total of 290 students. Validity evaluation of the agility test used empirical and content validities. Based on the empirical validity test of the Pearson moment product, the r‑table is 0.444, r‑count (test 1) is 0.819, r‑count (test 2) is 0.819, significance value is 0.000. If the r‑count is bigger than the r‑table and the significance value is < 0.05, it can be concluded that the result is valid. Based on the reliability test using Cronbach alpha, the r‑table is 0.444, Cronbach alpha is 0.99. If the Cronbach alpha value.....

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Introduction. Coaching is an interactive process wherein coaches make decisions by considering multiple dynamic elements. The prioritisation of leadership style plays a crucial role in the establishment of a team organisation and the subsequent attainment of goals. Leadership is characterised by its role as a process, exerting influence, fostering teamwork, and facilitating the formulation of goals. The Study Aims. This study examines the goal orientation patterns and preferred coaching leadership styles among District Training Center football players in Seberang Perai Tengah, Penang. Material and Method. This study involved 35 football players from District Training Centre in Seberang Perai Tengah, Penang, were selected by simple random sampling as respondents. The age of respondents are between 13 to 16 years old. The Task and Ego Orientation Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ) and Leadership Scale for Sport (LSS) questionnaires were used as research instruments. Descriptive analysis was use.....

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Thin-film photovoltaic materials like WS2 offer abundant, low-cost, transparent energy sources. WS2 boasts high carrier mobility, a superior optical absorption coefficient over 105 cm− 1, a favorable band gap of 1.3 eV, and non-toxic properties, making it a promising photon absorber. Previous studies explored various WS2-based solar cell designs for enhanced efficiency. This study investigates an ultrathin WS2 solar cell with Cu2O as the hole transport layer (HTL) and ZnSe as the electron transport layer (ETL). The traditional toxic CdS-based buffer structure is proposed to replace a ZnSe-based alternative. Results show significant enhancements in electrical characteristics, with a maximum conversion efficiency of 31.99% at the optimal bandgap, with a VOC of 1.03 V, a JSC of 35.26 mAcm− 2, and an FF of 88.08% with Cu2O HTL. On the other hand, we have got Voc of 0.97 V, Jsc of 35.02 mA/cm2, FF of 87.08%, and PCE of 29.72% without HTL. This suggests the potential of the proposed.....

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The current research aims to develop a Path Model for Under-17 Football Players in Indonesia and Malaysia. A qualitative approach toward Grounded theory was used to formulate the research. A total of 25 coaches, 15 from Malaysia and ten from Indonesia, participated in the current research, which was determined through a purposive sampling method. The criteria of the participants were having a coaching license and having a minimum of 5 years of coaching experience. The participants were interviewed to formulate the model for the Under-17 Football Players in Indonesia and Malaysia. The data collected was analyzed with qualitative research software, namely N-Vivo 14. In this study's approach to the evolved grounded theory, open encoding techniques, axial encodings, and selective encodes are used for data analysis. The result indicated that the model proposed in the current research consists of three aspects. The first aspect was the issue and challenges for the athlete's development, whic.....

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Purpose. This study aims to develop the construction of an agility test in wheelchair tennis. Material and methods.This research is a research development consisting of four stages. In the first stage, documents and research journals were analyzed to develop the construction of a wheelchair tennis agility test. The first step resulted in six aspects, namely: the definition of the agility test motion aspect, the suitability of the test to the state of the match aspect, ease in the agility test aspect, reliability aspect, clarity instructions on the image aspect, and security aspect. The Delphi technique was used in the second stage, and experts assessed the results of constructing the wheelchair tennis agility test in the first stage. In the third stage, the results of expert judgment with the Aiken formula were analyzed to test the validity of the contents. Participants in this study were documents and seven experts consisting of five national coaches and two experts with Doctoral degr.....

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