Surveys are fundamental research tools extensively used by researchers and academic experts across various fields. Their significance lies in their ability to give respondents autonomy in evaluating presented items. An essential part of crafting an effective survey involves carefully selecting scaling methods during the instrument construction phase. This study conducts a narrative literature review to analyse existing findings on the use of Likert scales, mapping out how these scales are applied to understand the interplay between scale divisions in social sciences research. Likert scales are popular in diverse fields, including social sciences, psychology, politics, and economics. However, existing methodologies for instrument construction often lack a comprehensive depiction of the most suitable scales for specific studies. This paper aims to address this gap by providing guidance and enhancing understanding for researchers in selecting appropriate and relevant scales, particularly .....

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Hadith-hadith yang dinyatakan dalam silibus kurikulum dan diajar di sekolah mesti dipastikan kesahihannya dengan cermat. Penggunaan hadith-hadith yang lemah atau palsu dalam kurikulum, khususnya di peringkat sekolah rendah, boleh menimbulkan salah faham terhadap ajaran Islam dalam kalangan pelajar. Justeru, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengumpulkan kajian-kajian terdahulu yang berkaitan dengan analisis takhrij hadith-hadith yang dimuatkan dalam kurikulum sekolah. Melalui kajian ini, pengkaji telah berjaya mengumpulkan enam kajian lepas yang menganalisis kajian-kajian takhrij hadith bagi silibus pembelajaran dalam buku-buku teks agama di sekolah. Kajian-kajian tersebut mengenal pasti dan mengelaskan hadith yang terdapat dalam buku teks berdasarkan status yang telah dikenalpasti. Di samping itu, pengkaji akan mencadangkan beberapa langkah penambahbaikan untuk memastikan sukatan pelajaran melalui proses pengemaskinian semula. Dengan menggunakan metodologi kajian kepustakaan, kajian ini diha.....

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Literasi media adalah untuk mengukur penggunaan media dan keupayaan untuk menganalisis maklumat di media. Maklumat yang tidak sahih banyak tersebar di media sosial seperti Facebook, hal ini dapat menyukarkan seseorang untuk menapis dan memproses maklumat yang diterima dengan berkesan. Maklumat politik di media sosial mudah didapati secara provokatif berbanding media konvensional (TV, Radio dan suratkhabar) ini adalah kerana maklumat politik di Facebook tidak disunting menjadi bacaan umum, oleh sebab itu ia mengandungi maklumat provokasi, fitnah dan isu sensasi politik yang tidak dilaporkan dikebanyakkan media konvensional. Terdapat jurang jantina dalam penggunaan kandungan maklumat di Facebook. Ini adalah kerana lelaki lebih cenderung untuk mengetahui maklumat politik berbanding wanita menyebabkan wanita kurang penglibatan dalam bidang politik. Maklumat tidak sahih yang berkaitan dengan isu politik boleh memberi kesan kepada masyakarat dan memberi gangguan kepada politik semasa, ini ad.....

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Empirical research has highlighted the persistence of gender bias over centuries despite the global initiatives to promote gender equality and remove gender bias in various spheres including education. The contents of educational materials like textbooks can exert a crucial role in shaping and reinforcing the learners’ views and perceptions especially about gender roles. Addressing gender bias in textbooks is necessary in fostering a more equitable educational environment equitable, hence, promoting equitable society for future generations. The present study examined gender bias in three ELT Indonesian textbooks for three levels of education (When English Rings a Bell for Grade VII, When English Rings a Bell for Grade VIII, and Think Globally and Act Locally for Grade IX). Specifically, it investigated the distribution, types and the representation of gender bias in these textbooks. It employed both quantitative and qualitative methods of analysis to provide a more comprehensive outc.....

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The Malaysian National Laureate Muhammad Haji Salleh has always been true to his green roots. Even when things are hard, he finds comfort and interest in Motherland's embrace. This paper is aimed to highlight the identity-land symbiotic interconnectedness in Muhammad Haji Salleh’s selected poems through the lens of ecocriticism. In the selected poems we examined the concept of eco-consciousness with the purpose of to better understand how Muhammad Haji Salleh view the concept of personal identity as intrinsically tied to the natural world. Upon detailed analysis of the selected poems, it becomes evident that Muhammad Haji Salleh has never ceased preaching about the plight of the Malaysian land and landscape and the urgent need for worldwide attention. His poetry proves that he utilizes the land and landscape as an iconic form of aspiration and even ecocritically functional and through the application of the concept of eco-consciousness, the researchers conclude that while there are s.....

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Sejak Winter Sonata ditayangkan di Malaysia pada tahun 2002, Hallyu atau Gelombang Korea semakin menjadi popular di kalangan rakyat Malaysia, terutamanya di kalangan generasi muda. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk memahami sikap dan persepsi pelajar universiti Malaysia terhadap makanan Korea dan meneroka faktor yang mendorong minat belia tersebut. Kajian ini dijalankan melalui kaedah kuantitatif dengan menggunakan instrumen tinjauan. Responden adalah pelajar universiti di Universiti Sains Malaysia yang pernah makan makanan Korea. Tinjauan telah diedarkan kepada pelajar melalui e-mel dan sosial media. Seramai 82 pelajar telah menjawab tinjauan yang diedarkan. Hasil kajian mendapati faktor media massa, terutamanya drama dan hiburan Korea telah mendorong kepada kegemaran makanan Korea di kalangan pelajar universiti. Faktor persekitaran seperti aksesibiliti dan ketersediaan makanan Korea di sekitar penempatan pelajar universiti juga mempengaruhi popularitinya. Rakan sebaya memainkan peranan pent.....

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This study is a needs analysis study in the first phase of the design and development approach (DDR) founded by Richey and Klein (2007). The purpose of this needs analysis study is to identify the need for the development of nursery rhyme module in essay writing or level two students in primary school. The study was conducted quantitatively using the survey method. The first phase involves needs analysis using a questionnaire conducted on 285 teachers in 5 states to see the needs of modules in teaching and learning sessions. The reliability of the questionnaire was relatively high which was based on Cronbach Alpha  = 0.98. The questionnaires consist of 8 sections approximately 72 questions. The survey data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) by mean value. The results of pilot test were Part A(M=3.809), Part B(M=3.766), Part C(M=3.945), Part D (M= 4.000), Part E(M=4.090), Part F(M=4.272), Part G(M=4.187) and H(M=4.6000). The findings of this study .....

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New Schiff base [M(NaNp)(Sal)Cl2] metal complexes, where M = Mn(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), or Fe(III), were synthesized. The Schiff base, previously prepared from the reaction of 2-hydroxynaphthaldehyde and naphthalene-1-amine, was mixed with salicylic acid to synthesize the complexes. The characterization of these complexes was performed using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The functional groups involved in the bonding were identified by comparing the FTIR spectra of the Schiff base and its metal complexes. Except for the Fe(III) complex, which was found to be octahedral, the Schiff base complexes were determined to be tetrahedral in geometry based on the FTIR spectra. It was discovered that these compounds coordinate via the carbonyl-O atom, the hydroxyl group's oxygen, and the azomethine group's nitrogen. The UV-Vis spectroscopy data revealed a hypsochromic .....

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Problem-solving is one of the most important skills for students to learn, as it will be applied in their career development and future. However, many students encountered difficulty with their school assignments related to problem-solving questions. This study investigated the perceptions among secondary school students regarding mathematics problem-solving questions. The study used a quantitative approach. Through a questionnaire, data were collected from 106 students from a secondary school located in Johor who were selected as respondents. The questionnaire focused on the perceptions of male and female students in problem-solving questions and the difficulties encountered by students in dealing with these types of questions. All respondents needed to identify the strategies or techniques to answer mathematics problem-solving questions. Both descriptive and inferential analyses were used to achieve the objectives of this study. The results showed that students had a moderate percept.....

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The purposes of this study were to investigate the phytochemicals and antioxidant activity from Magnolia alba (Magnoliaceae). The antioxidant activity was investigated using total phenolic content and DPPH free radical scavenging assay. Isolation and purification of the leaf extracts of M. alba yielded six phytochemicals identified as squalene (1), parthenolide (2), vanillin (3), stigmasterol acetate (4), friedelin (5), and β-sitosterol (6). In antioxidant activity, the hexane extract of M. alba showed the highest value of phenolic content with 206.7 mg GAE/g, whereas methanol extract gave the highest inhibition in DPPH assay with 36.0%. However, all compounds were found weak activity in DPPH assay. The implication of this study demonstrates that M. alba could represent a source of molecules with antioxidant potential in the prevention of free radical-related diseases such as atherosclerosis and diabetes. Keywords: Magnoliaceae; Magnolia alba; phytochemicals; parthenolide; antioxidan.....

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