Penyelidikan yang dilakukan bertujuan mensintesis, mengformulasi dan menilai inokulan biosintetik bagi penghasilan resin gaharu. Bagi mengformulasi inokulan biosintetik, beberapa bahan digunakan termasuklah madu lebah, susu segar, sukros, air kelapa, dan kulat Fusarium solani yang diadun dengan menggunakan sukatan tertentu. Inokulan biosintetik diformulasi di makmal Biologi, Fakulti Sains dan Matematik, UPSI. Inokulan biosintetik yang diformulasi diuji terhadap tujuh batang pokok gaharu di Slim River, Perak dengan teknik suntikan lubang bor, suntikan titisan mata, dan sapuan. Hasil resin gaharu dituai dalam tempoh enam bulan dari tarikh suntikan. Sampel resin gaharu dipungut diuji di makmal Kimia, FSM, UPSI. Kualiti resin gaharu dianalisis dengan teknik Kromatografi Gas Spektrometri Jisim (GCMS). Parameter kualiti resin gaharu yang diamati adalah warna dan keharuman. Manakala populasi Fusarium solani dalam inokulan biosintetik dianggar dengan menggunakan model statistik Verhulst. Dapat.....

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Cassia tora is a leguminous plant belonging to the family Fabaceae and are used for the treatment of lepsory, psoriasis, ringworm, ulcers, skin diseases and as a laxative and antiasthenic. The preliminary phytochemical screening of the ethanolic extract of Cassia tora was carried out using standard methods while the nutritional values were studied for moisture content, ash content, crude lipids, crude fibre, crude protein and carbohydrates. The preliminary phytochemical analysis of the leaves indicated the presence of anthraquinones, flavonoids, steroids/triterpenoids, fats, tannins, alkaloids, carbohydrates, phlobatannins and glycosides. The proximate analysis of the leaves revealed that it contained crude fat 6.01%, crude fibre 7.54%, moisture 10.23%, ash content 15.01%, crude protein 27.34% and carbohydrate 33.69%. Cassia tora leaves could be a potential source of nutritional and mineral elements that may be useful in nutrition. The phytochemicals observed in this study explained th.....

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In order to accomplish the learning objectives of ecology, biodiversity and environment course, in situ activities remain the finest key to complement by conducting real fieldwork experiments. The specific objectives of the fieldwork are to ensure sustainable learning, adopting best practice in scientific documentation, and implementing holistic and integrated learning approach in the course. Therefore, related field topic was given to the students and resulted with the following attributes. Four different species of pitcher plants were identified and classified throughout the study. The recent biology educational trip to Bako National Park had documented various well-known species of Nepenthes. Information on Nepenthes species present in the parks is useful for educational and research purposes, developing a conservation plan and management and also helps in promoting ecotourism. The trip was conducted to introduce a comprehensive learning experience to the students in biodiversity-re.....

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Malpractice is a dereliction of professional duty or a failure to exercise an ordinary degree of professional skill or learning by rendering professional services which results in injury, loss or damage. This study probed into the questions: (2)what are the types of educational malpractices in the Philippine education system; and (2) who are mostly guilty of these offenses? Data were gathered by downloading court cases and newspaper articles. A total of ten online court cases involving teachers, parents, students, school administrators, and principals were included. Coding was done by identifying the emerging themes per cluster. Findings indicated that offenses can be clustered into two: corruption and misconduct. Corruption cluster includes offenses ranging from illegal collection by the teachers from the students to the misuse of funds by the school administrators. On the other hand, the misconduct cluster includes sexual abuse targeted towards students by the teachers, and abuse of .....

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Promoting students’ higher order thinking skills is now becoming more important in an education system. An effective teaching strategies are required to teach those skills to students. Hence, a valid, reliable and practical instrument is needed to evaluate teaching strategies used in promoting students’ higher order thinking skills (HOTs) and lower order thinking skills (LOTs). The aim of this study is to explore different factor structure of the teaching strategies scale by using the secondorder Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The instrument is adapted from an instrument developed by Gulistan (2016) to suit with the Islamic education teachers in the Malaysian context. 220 primary school teachers teaching Islamic education subject was selected randomly from one of the state in Malaysia. The content validity is assessed by a group of experts, and the construct validity is measured by Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The reliability of the instrument is measured by the alpha coefficient r.....

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Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan tentang Modul HEBAT Bacaan sebagai satu strategik pengajaran dan pembelajaran membaca dalam usaha meningkatkan literasi bacaan murid sekolah menengah daripada murid Tingkatan Satu hingga murid Tingkatan Empat. Modul HEBAT bacaan adalah wardah yang disediakan oleh KPM bagi menyediakan murid untuk menjawab Literasi Bacaan PISA. Pembinaan Modul HEBAT Modul ini telah dibangunkan menggunakan pendekatan bertema dan memberi penekanan tentang teknik serta proses membaca sebagai panduan pengajaran dan pembelajaran guru di dalam kelas. Oleh itu dalam penulisan ini dibincangkan tentang pemikiran modul HEBAT bacaan, kebolehlaksanaan Modul HEBAT Bacaan dan Pedagogi Abad ke-21 (PAK 21) serta Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi (KBAT). Secara keseluruhannya modul ini mempunyai nilai tambah dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran (P&P) membaca Bahasa Melayu kerana pendekatan yang digunakan adalah menyeluruh mencakupi aspek strategik P&P, cadangan aktiviti, bahan rangsangan.....

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Kajian ini menyiasat tahap pertimbangan moral, dan bentuk motivasi pelajar Pendidikan Moral (PM) di sekolah menengah dengan melibatkan sampel seramai 1104 pelajar PM berumur 14 hingga 16 tahun. Penemuan kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa lebih separuh (53.4%) pelajar PM berada pada tahap pertimbangan moral yang tidak matang (M = 273.00, S.P. = 31.44) dan selebihnya berada pada tahap matang. Didapati juga pelajar perempuan mempunyai pertimbangan moral yang tinggi berbanding pelajar lelaki dengan perbezaan signifikan (t (1102) = -2.785, p < 0.01). Sementara itu, wujud perbezaan pertimbangan moral (F (2, 1101) = 4.205, p = 0.015) antara pelajar berumur 14 dengan 16 tahun. Motivasi (F (2, 1101) =11.69, p = 0.00) juga mempunyai perbezaan signifikan antara pelajar berumur 14 dengan 16 tahun. Berkaitan dengam motivasi pelajar dalam PM, terdapat hubungan signifikan antara pertimbangan moral dengan bentuk motivasi amotivation, external, introjected dan identified. Kesimpulannya, kajian ini menunjukk.....

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This article is based on a case study of the management of curriculum change in primary schools. This was done by analyzing the management of curriculum change brought about by the introduction the History curriculum for the Year Four Primary Schools Standard-Based Curriculum. This instrumental case study employed a descriptive- interpretative approach grounded in the qualitative research tradition. Data was collected through analysis of documents, in-depth semi-structured interviews and the direct observations of teaching and learning of History lessons. It was located within the context of eight selected schools. A total of twenty eight participants (8 History teachers, 8 senior curriculum assistants, 8 headmasters, 1 National Trainer and 3 officers from Curriculum Development Division, State Education Department and District Education were interviewed. The process and procedures in managing curriculum change were analyzed in the context of characteristic of Havelock’s model, Schon.....

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The focus of the study was to determine the effect of Cooperative Integrated Reading Composition (CIRC) to improve pupils’ reading comprehension achievement and motivation. A quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design was used for this study. Interviews were also used to support the quantitative data. A total of 54 fifth grade pupils from the district of Kalimantan, Banjar, Indonesia were involved in the study. There were 28 pupils in the experimental group and 26 pupils in the control group. Quantitative data were collected from the pre and posttests and surveys, while the qualitative data came from the interviews. The quantitative data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential analyses. Descriptive analysis showed the frequencies, means, and standard deviation, while the inferential statistics involved an independent t-test. The findings of the pre and posttests showed that there was a significant improvement in achievement for the experimental group (M=91.96, .....

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This paper discusses the development of the Problem – Solving Efficacy Scale on College Algebra. Through factor analytic research design, the scale underwent five development stages including assessment of factorability of the data, factor extraction, factor rotation and interpretation, rotation confirmation, and internal consistency analysis. In the 80 – item questionnaire administered to 80 randomly selected College Algebra students of Isabela State University, structural validity was attained with 34 scale items grouped into four components; namely, physiological/somatic responses, social persuasions, vicarious experiences, and mastery experiences. The developed instrument can explain 55.36% of the overall variance and has a high reliability coefficient ( .87), confirming that the four factors are integral to problem-solving efficacy in College Algebra. Physiological/Somatic responses and social persuasion explain greater amount of variance than mastery experience and vica.....

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