Kajian ini dijalankan untuk mengukur kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan alat ukur Keperluan Asas Berdasarkan Teori Pilihan (Choice Theory). Seramai 5 orang pakar yang terlibat dalam mengesahkan alat kajian ini. Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa kelima-lima pakar memberi kesahan yang tinggi iaitu skor sebanyak 91 % dalam alat ukur tersebut. Seramai 119 orang pelajar Tingkatan Empat yang terlibat untuk mengukur kebolehpercayaan instrumen ini. Alat kajian yang digunakan ialah soal selidik yang mengandungi 85 item dengan 5 subskala yang telah diubahsuai berdasarkan Teori Pilihan. Data yang diperoleh kemudiannya dianalisis menggunakan kaedah Cronbach Alpha dan uji dan uji kembali. Keputusan kajian menunjukkan hanya 47 item daripada 85 item dalam alat ukur ini yang bermutu. Secara keseluruhan, pekali kebolehpercayaan Cronbach Alpha adalah pada tahap yang baik dengan nilai .871. Sehubungan dengan keputusan yang diperoleh, beberapa cadangan telah dikemukakan...

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Education 4.0 has emphasised on the integration of information and communication technology (ICT) in education. Enhancing the creative and innovative thinking among pre-service teachers has become one of the important elements in Education 4.0. Most of the art students, who take Form Four economics in secondary schools, generally face difficulties in mastering economic concepts. In order to make the lessons more interesting and easy to remember, the economics teachers should develop some innovative teaching and learning methods to attract students’ attention. This study aimed to examine pre-service teachers’ learning interest. This study also further examined the understanding of economics concepts. Learning with songs can make learning activities more interesting for the class, especially with music videos. This study employed the survey as research method. A total of 50 pre-service teachers were employed randomly as samples. From the findings, music videos can enhance learning in.....

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There is hardly any forum pertaining to India-Japan relations without a reference to India’s Papa, Can You Hear Me Sing? (1983), portraying a retired soldier after WWII who makes his living by collecting empty wine bottles, caused an immediate sensation and was nominated for 11 Golden Horse Awards. Not being able to speak, he substitutes the vendor’s cry of the five Taiwanese syllables jiu gan tan buei bo? (any wine bottles for sale?) with a five-note tune played on a trumpet. This tune, which echoes throughout the entire film, quickly permeated Taiwanese consciousness. This paper examines the multifunctional role of this simple motif, a descent of three neighboring pentatonic pitches. Acting at first as the vendor’s voice to collect bottles, this motif later becomes a way to cheer up and communicate with Mei, the abandoned baby girl he found. It soon symbolizes Mei’s pain, humiliation (her schoolmates sing it to tease her), and desire to escape from poverty. It also represents.....

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Jit Sin Public School was founded in 1918 by the Philomatic Union and Hock Teik Cheng Sim Temple of Bukit Mertajam. Both of the orga nisations became t he school board committee which gathered an intertwined network of commerce, temples, politics, and education to gain a foothold in the port. After the dissolution of the Philomatic Union and Kuomintang in 1925, Jit Sin Public School beca me an important reform organization in the city, and the school board committee became an area where various groups competed for power, as illustrated by two disputes over the election of a school board committee. The first election dis pute occurred in 193 8 when the Hock Teik Cheng Sim Temple was responsible for funding the construction of Jit Sin Public School, leading to a controversy over whether the Hock Teik Cheng Sim Temple should increase its number of seats on the school board committee. The second election dispute occurred in 1947, when Huang again manipulated the election, prompting protest.....

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This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the development of Malaysia’s education policies over the years. In addition, this study seeks to further draw attention to the recent implications of COVID-19 on Malaysia’s education sector. The education policies developed in the past decades have highlighted that Malaysia Government had continuously shown tremendous support and has put high emphasis on the education sector. However, the pandemic crisis has disrupted learning and posed new challenges to the education system and the policies developed in the past. Therefore, this paper will employ a narrative review to draw lessons based on the observations retrieved from existing literature and various secondary sources such as policy briefs, media, commentaries, and documentaries of related evidence on the challenges of the pandemic crisis to the education system and its policy. In addition, the review will also shed light on the policies' recommendations in adapting to the .....

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In recent years, inscribed materials have become commonly used in the academic fields of Singapore and Malaysia, while foreign language archives remain less utilized by scholars. Even though Dr. Chng has pioneered new paths in the study of the Chinese history of Singapore and Malaysia by using foreign archives and has produced many groundbreaking academic achievements, this approach struggles to attract younger scholars due to the time and financial investment required. My interview with Dr. Chng stemmed from my doctoral research, seeking his expertise on the London Missionary Society and American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions archives. Unlike scholars who predominantly rely on exhausted Chinese historical materials, Dr. Chng's use of foreign archives has opened new paths in the Chinese history of Singapore, educational history, and Kapitan studies. His works as “Collected Essays on Chinese in Nineteenth Century Singapore” reflect his early successes in archival resea.....

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Li Y u, a playwright in the early Qing Dynasty, proposed the signific ant “structural theory” for the development of Chinese drama. This paper begins by discussing the concept of structural organization in his vernacular novel Twelve Towers , exploring how Li Y u, prior to putting forth the “structure comes first” theory, used the construction of “towers” as a narrative framework in the novel, to establish the spatial and thematic significance for the characters and activities within the story. Applying literature analysis of Twelve Towers as the research method, and supplement ing it with Li Y u’s structural theory from Random Thoughts and Essays and his expertise in incorporating garden art, the paper delves into the conceptualization and construction process of the “tower” in Li Y u's novels. Li Y u emphasized the novelty of buil ding a narrative like constructing a house, diverging from conventional themes of talent and honour. His narrative strategy n.....

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This research specify on the techniques of singing the "keroncong asli". It uses the qualitative approach based on the case studied as the love of this research. Data collected are from institutions and individuals. The instruments used in collecting data in this research are documentation, reading materials, document analysis, interviews and observation. Documents, reading materials and facts are also gathered from the internet which will then be used to analyse the vocal of keroncong asli. Closed interview are also done with the keroncong singers. So did the observation with the professional singers. During the process of observation, video recording is made and researchers take notes in the progress. After all the data being collected, researchers will then analyse the documents to get the outmost input and all the important information in it. Things gathered from this research are related to the technique of singing the keroncong asli used by the respondents. While singing the kero.....

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The uncertain knowledge on level of wellbeing among older adults has attracted an increasing number of public, political and scientific attentions. Wellbeing has been described as a state of equilibrium or balance that can be affected by life events or challenges. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between socially productive activities and subjective wellbeing among rural elderly in Perak. A descriptive research methodology was adopted for this research. A broad range of productive factors (such as voluntarism and paid work) and measures of wellbeing (such as self-rated health and life satisfaction) shall be analysing in t-test and Pearson correlation analysis. Information needed are obtained sing a cross-sectional design method across rural districts in Perak. Questionnaires survey was distributed to 480 older adults age from 50 t0 75+. This paper found out that there are no significant different between paid work and self-rated health and life satisfaction,.....

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This study focuses on discussing the Iraqi contemporary novelistic production. The study handled the development of the Iraqi novel genre during three different periods; during Saddam's regime, during exile after the fall of the regime, and during the post-2003 war and U.S. Invasion to Iraq. The study explored the historical development of the Iraqi novels through discussing the main subjects and themes of these novels during the three different periods. In addition to that, some names of the best writers in each period, were given. The study concluded that Iraqi contemporary novelistic production has passed through three different periods; during Saddam regime in which the literature was directed by the government and used to glorify the authority and sing of heroism of the leaders. The second period was during the exile when thousands of Iraqis were migrated forcefully abroad leaving their homeland, families and everything they own. The exile literature has involved new experiences g.....

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