This study examines the impact of workforce diversity on innovation performance among steel manufacturers in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), with a focus on risk orientation as a moderating factor. Utilizing a quantitative research design, 400 employees were randomly selected from a population of 10 steel companies, resulting in 351 valid responses after accounting for outliers. The analysis was conducted using SMART PLS 4.0 software. The instrument used in this study consists of 68 items, demonstrating high reliability and validity. The findings reveal significant impacts of age (_=0.341, p=0.00), education (_=0.45, p=0.00), language (_=0.123, p=0.02), religious beliefs (_=-0.114, p=0.00), and values (_=0.083, p=0.00) on innovation performance. In contrast, ethnicity (_=0.09, p=0.06), gender (_=-0.129, p=0.06), and norms (_=-0.021, p=0.63) showed no significant impact. Risk orientation significantly enhanced innovation performance (_=0.264, p=0.00), but its moderating effects on the r.....

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