This research aimed to optimising the properties of surfactant-exfoliated graphene oxide (sEGO) as adsorbent and photocatalyst for methylene blue (MB) removal in aqueous solution. Modification of surfactants were made by increasing chain branching and exchanged in counter-ion with aromatic groups namely 1-butyl-3- methyl-imidazolium (BMIM) and anilinium. The role of these modified surfactants were compared to commercial surfactants. The mechanism in the stabilisation of sEGO, sEGO incorporated with nanofibrillated kenaf cellulose (NFC) and sEGO fabricated with titanium dioxide (TiO2) were systematically compared. Modified surfactants have been studied via proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy, air – water (a/w) surface tension measurement, zeta potential measurement and dynamic light scattering. The morphology of the synthesised adsorbents and photocatalytic materials were observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Raman spectroscop.....

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