The main aim of this research is to propose an alternative method for estimating relative risk of mosquito-borne infectious disease mapping in Malaysia. This estimation method is based on stochastic SIR-SI model (susceptible-infectiverecovered for human populations; susceptible-infective for mosquito populations). Based on previous research, relative risk estimation used total number of new infective cases at the denominator of the relative risk equation. In this research, relative risk estimation with the used of total posterior mean number of new infective cases at the denominator of the relative risk equation is introduced. This model is then been applied using data of mosquito-borne infectious disease from Malaysia. Data used in this research is provided by the Ministry of Health Malaysia which include 43339 dengue cases, 7 chikungunya cases and 3850 malaria cases for 16 states in Malaysia during year 2013. The findings revealed that the alternative method can overcome the problem .....

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Analisis pengajaran dan pembelajaran topik pecahan mendapati sebahagian murid menghadapi kesukaran untuk menukar pecahan tak wajar kepada nombor bercampur. Pelbagai jenis kesilapan dapat dikesan melalui ujian diagnostik, pemerhatian, temu bual serta analisis dokumen seperti lembaran kerja dan buku latihan murid. Antara kesilapan yang dikenal pasti ialah kesilapan algoritma bahagi, membina sifir, menulis nombor bercampur dan penggunaan garis nombor pecahan. Oleh itu, kajian tindakan ini dijalankan bertujuan membantu meningkatkan penguasaan murid berpencapaian lemah Tahun 4 dalam topik pecahan yang melibatkan kemahiran menukar pecahan tak wajar kepada nombor bercampur. Peserta kajian dibimbing untuk memahami konsep dan seterusnya menguasai kemahiran penukaran pecahan tak wajar kepada nombor bercampur dengan menggunakan bahan manipulatif ATS. Peserta kajian terdiri daripada dua orang murid perempuan yang dipilih berdasarkan pencapaian ujian diagnostik. Kajian tindakan ini menggunakan pend.....

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The study aimed to investigate the reinforcement of plasticized poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanofiller. In this research, solvent casting and thermocompression methods are adopted to prepare PLA nanocomposites with different percentages of TiO2 at 0.5, 2.0, 3.5, 5.0, and 7.0 %?w/w that dispersed in PLA solution using a mechanical mixer and ultrasonication technique. The composites were characterized using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results showed that tributyl citrate (TBC) plasticizer reduced the brittle failure and increased the flexibility of PLA whilst TiO2 nanofiller improved the crystallization of PLA composites as evidenced in DSC results at slow scanning rate. The presence of 3.5 %?w/w TiO2 in plasticized PLA increased the glass transition temperature (Tg) from 41.75 °C to 42.22 °C indicating restricted mobility of poly.....

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STEM-based physics teaching and learning embraces creative and engaging activities for students. In addition to producing innovative learning, The STEM-Based Physics Interactive Laboratory (i-Lab) is an innovation of physics laboratory modules that incorporate Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematical elements to produce critical thinking and problem-solving students. The objective of this study was to analyse expert agreement on STEM-based physics in an interactive laboratory (i-Lab) component. The Fuzzy Delphi method with 5 Fuzzy scales was used to collect data. A total of 25 experts in various fields of physics education were chosen as respondents for the study. The data were collected and analysed using the Fuzzy triangular Fuzzy number and the position of each component was determined using the "defuzzification process". A total of six items on the questionnaire (component i-Lab) were submitted to specialists for approval and evaluation. The questionnaire was validated by .....

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The reinforcement effect of nanofiller in polymer enhanced the thermal stability, physical and mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites with good reinforcing capabilities for bio-based polymers. In this paper, the effect of reinforcement of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanofiller on the mechanical properties and thermal behavior of PLA matrix are reported. PLA/TiO2 nanocomposites with different percentages of 2.0, 3.5, 5.0 and 7.0 % w/w were prepared by using solvent casting and thermocompression method. TiO2 were dispersed in PLA matrix using mechanical mixer and ultrasonication technique. The thermomechanical properties and thermal behavior of PLA nanocomposites were characterized using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The increased in storage modulus by the addition of nanofiller with the highest increment provided by 2.0 % w/w TiO2 indicated a strong influence and better interfacial bonding between nanofiller and PLA matri.....

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Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti hubungan sokongan sosial dan motivasi pelajar fizik tingkatan empat dalam menyelesaikan masalah fizik di Bandar Meru, Ipoh. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah tinjauan bagi menjawab persoalan kajian. Borang soal selidik telah diedarkan kepada 75 orang pelajar fizik tingkatan empat di tiga buah sekolah di Bandar Meru, Ipoh yang dipilih berdasarkan persampelan berkelompok. Data dianalisis menggunakan ujian statistik deskriptif untuk mendapatkan nilai min, sisihan piawai, kekerapan dan korelasi. Hasil kajian mendapati tahap sokongan sosial yang diberikan kepada pelajar dalam menyelesaikan masalah fizik adalah tinggi (M=3.8367, SP=0.46702) manakala motivasi pelajar dalam menyelesaikan masalah fizik adalah sederhana (M=3.6711, SP=0.30590). Terdapat perkaitan hubungan yang positif dan kuat antara sokongan sosial dan kemahiran menyelesaikan masalah fizik dalam kalangan pelajar tingkatan 4 (ρ=0.406). Kajian juga mendapati terdapat perkaitan hubungan yang po.....

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The main objective of this study is to uncover the difficulties in learning the skill of speaking in the Arabic language among form six students at a school in the state of Kelantan, which is Maahad Muhammadi Perempuan Pasir Pekan. It is known that, students find difficulties in learning this language, including difficulties to develope the skill of speaking in the Arabic language, although they had studied it for a long time and were also students from Maahad Muhammadi Perempuan Pasir Pekan, which is one of the Kelantan Islamic Foundation’s (YIK) preferred school. The two researchers conducted this study to identify the characteristics of the interactive video in developing the skill of speaking in the Arabic language and to know difficulties during learning it. The researcher used the descriptive method through the interview tool and the method for determining the samples were purposefully. The study assumption found that good teaching strategies by using interactive video in teach.....

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Mathematics is the subject that has the least frequency of using technology in the school. It is preferred chalk and talk method rather than the use of technology or presentation. Due to pandemic Covid19, the suitable method for the teaching and learning process is virtual learning. The same goes for teachers who need to change the method and think about how to implement it through online learning. Interactive multimedia is one of the best media that can attract students to learn in distance education, especially for Mathematics subjects that are most suitable to be conducted on the traditional method. It is more challenging as this new era has happened suddenly and it creates emergency online learning where most teachers do not experts in enhancing the interactivity learning at first. The purpose of this study is (1) to identify students’ perception of interactive multimedia in learning Mathematics during online distance learning and (2) to understand students’ motivation towards .....

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Mathematics is the subject that has the least frequency of using technology in the school. It is preferred chalk and talk method rather than the use of technology or presentation. Due to pandemic Covid19, the suitable method for the teaching and learning process is virtual learning. The same goes for teachers who need to change the method and think about how to implement it through online learning. Interactive multimedia is one of the best media that can attract students to learn in distance education, especially for Mathematics subjects that are most suitable to be conducted on the traditional method. It is more challenging as this new era has happened suddenly and it creates emergency online learning where most teachers do not experts in enhancing the interactivity learning at first. The purpose of this study is (1) to identify students’ perception of interactive multimedia in learning Mathematics during online distance learning and (2) to understand students’ motivation towards .....

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Previous studies have reported the use of nitrogen-heterocyclic compounds to treat malaria. Interestingly, quinolone and 1,2,4-triazole scaffolds demonstrated an outstanding capacity to target at least two stages of the malaria parasite life cycle, especially when they are hybrid with other nitrogen heterocycles. Thus, the objective of this study is to assess the drug susceptibility of Plasmodium knowlesi A1H1 parasites to certain 1,2,4-triazoles and benzoquinones that bear pyrrolidinones using a plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase assay. All synthesized compounds showed moderate activity against P. knowlesi A1H1 with EC50 values in the range of 13.39-28.85 μM. Both 1,2,4-triazoles and quinolone derivatives were synthesized using commercially available pyrrolidinones. Keywords: 1,2,4-Triazoles; quinolones; antimalarial, Plasmodium knowlesi A1H1..

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