Clove essential oil has been revealed to have a mosquito-repellent effect. Nevertheless, its application in topical preparations is minimal due to its immediate volatility. Nanoemulsion has been regarded as a promising carrier for essential oils. Here, we studied the effectiveness of cotton and polyester treated with tragacanth gum loaded with clove essential oil nanoemulsion to repel two mosquito species, namely Aedes aegypti (day biter) and Anopheles latens (night biter) for the first time. The nanoemulsion formulation was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, zeta potential and polydispersity index. Tragacanth gum loaded with clove essential oil nanoemulsion formulation exhibits 98% encapsulation efficiency with a-42.3 mV zeta potential and 0.3 polydispersity index. Following 5 cycles of washing, 60% of the tragacanth gum loaded with clove essential oil nanoemulsion retained on cotton meanwhile 46.....

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This research was conducted to prepare, characterise and determine the effectiveness of nanoemulsion formulations consisting of biopolymers and plant essential oils. Anionic tragacanth gum and cationic guar gum act as nanocarriers for betel, clove and lemongrass essential oils, which are active ingredients in nanoemulsion systems. The characterisation studies were carried out using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, thermogravimetric analyser (TGA), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), high resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), zeta potential and particle size analyser. The ability of nanoemulsion formulations to load and release essential oils in vitro in rainwater was determined using an ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer. The Excito chamber study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the fabrics treated with nanoemulsion formulations to repel Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Based on .....

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