This paper will explore conceptual approaches to participatory music-making, with a focus on the work of John Cage. Cage relied primarily on a performer-audience model of music-making; which seems paradoxical, as a non-hierarchical participatory model seems more in line with his philosophy. While his compositional methods appeared to indicate a desire for self-effacement and collaboration, the resultant works were often quite far from models of non-hierarchical co-creation. However, Cage was a composer who concerned himself primarily with illuminating concepts and demonstrating processes, rather than producing beautiful _objects_ and musical commodities. Embracing a community-based experimental model of participation involves departing from traditional Western art music paradigms that regard _sound_ primarily as a consumable _product_ and the individual composer as all-knowing, all-powerful and central to any experience of music. This movement from selfaggrandisement to self-effacement.....

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Bidang keibubaaan dan asuhan anak telah menimbulkan minat yang tinggi dalam hampir semua disiplin sains tingkahlaku. Pengalaman awal diberi keutamaan dalam: i. Teori perkembangan personalit Freud (Freud 1938 1964, 197h; Ernde, 1992; Nagel, 1994) ii. Bidang antropologi (Kardiner, 1939; Valsiner, 1987) lii. Bidang sosiologi (Kohn, 1963; Claussen & Williams, 1963; Fisher, 1984; Bandura , 1986; Forbes & Block, 1990)..

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The main aim of this study is to identify the factors which influence playing ability performance in the identification process of young football talent as a whole. The evidences from the previous studies, Phase 1 National Football Development Plan:2014-2020 and the Roadmap of Malaysia Football Association: 2019-2030 shows that holistic approach in the process of identifying young talent is the main key in the development of a national football. The three main constraints were tasks, performers’ and the environmental which involve the factors of training history, morphological, functional capacity, motor coordination, technical skills, tactical skills, psychological characteristics, biological maturity status, relative age effect and sociological which provide large influence to the football playing ability performance among the male youth football players. Both Newell (1986) constraint theory and Williams & Reilly (2000) the football expertise prediction model are able to explain th.....

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Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti citra wanita, menganalisis perjuangan wanita dan menghuraikan status wanita dalam kumpulan cerpen Ko.Punniavan. Oleh itu, pendekatan kualitatif yang merangkumi kaedah kepustakaan dan kaedah analisis teks di samping teori feminisme budaya yang dipelopori oleh Brooke Williams pada tahun 1975 digunakan untuk menjalankan kajian ini. Feminisme budaya ialah fahaman bahawa wanita akan mencapai emansipasi melalui budaya wanita alternatif. Dapatan kajian mendapati bahawa hanya sebanyak 17 buah cerpen daripada 48 cerpen yang telah diterbitkan dalam tiga buah kumpulan cerpen Ko.Punniavan berjudul Nijam, Cirai, Ethirvinaikal mencerminkan feminisme budaya. Cerpen-cerpen tersebut dipilih sebagai korpus kajian kerana penulisnya Ko. Punniavan merupakan seorang penulis feminis yang popular di Malaysia. Dalam 17 buah cerpen tersebut, aspek citra, perjuangan dan status kaum wanita dapat dikesan pada watak isteri dalam lima buah cerpen, ibu dalam empat buah cerpen.....

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Tujuan kajian ini dilakukan adalah untuk mengetahui tahap tekanan kerja dalam kalangan kakitangan  Jabatan Kebajikan Masyarakat Negeri Kelantan. Selain itu, kajian ini  dijalankan  bertujuan   mengenalpasti  sumber-sumber  tekanan  terhadap  faktor demografi kajian seperti faktor jantina,  gred jawatan, tempoh berkhidmat dan tahap pendidikan berhubung tekanan kerja. Alat kajian yang  digunakan dalam kajian ini ialah satu set soaJ selidik iaitu OccupationaJ Stress Indicator (OSI)  oleh Cooper, Sloan dan Williams (1988) yang telah diterjemahkan  di dalam versi  Bahasa Melayu oleh  Mohammad Haji Yesof, Abdul HaJim Othman, Chua Bee Seok dan Sapora Sipon (2000) yang menggunakan  back translation. Soal selidik ini yang mengandungi dua bahagian iaitu bahagian A, dan B. Sahagian  A terdiri daripada maklumat demografi, bahagian B pula mengandungi sebanyak 61 item berbentuk  pernyataan berhubung sumber-sumber tekanan  dalam diri  bagi  menilai  tahap  persetujuanÂ.....

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The effect of Cs+ substitution on strontium zinc ferrites was reported. The cubic spinel phase of Sr0.5Zn0.5Fe2-xCsxO4 (0.01 ≤ x ≤ 0.09) was revealed from XRD analysis. The variation of lattice parameters with Cs+ substitution is attributed to Vegards law. The particle size of X-ray diffraction and W‒H were calculated in the range of 21–32 and 41–56 nm, respectively. Williams Hall and the size–strain plot are frequently utilized to understand the mechanical and structural properties of spinel ferrites. The morphological structure of strontium zinc spinel ferrites was examined by SEM. SEM depicts nanorods and spherical-like structures with a porous nature. FTIR was used to observe the bands of spinel ferrites within the range of 400–4000 cm−1. The absorption bands were obtained from 400 to 600 cm−1 range and these bands are used in fingerprint regions. Ohmic nature was revealed through I–V characteristics of Cs+-doped strontium zinc ferrites. Electrical properties.....

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