This study aimed to investigate the taxonomic characteristics based on micromorphology and macromorphology of Cyperaceae species and to build the taxonomic key based on these characteristics. The research method involved the use of light and electron microscopy. Sampling was carried out in four areas of Tanjong Malim, Ipoh, Kuala Kangsar and Gerik covering different ecology of open areas, wetlands and limestone. The findings showed that four out of the thirteen studied species; Cyperus compactus, C. compressus, C. iria, and C. kyllingia are common species found in all studied areas. Cyperus sphacelatus is limited to Gunung Lang, Ipoh while C. pulcherrimus often found in Pulau Banding, Gerik. This study showed the diagnostic characteristics of flower and spikelet is in agreement with the classification of Koyama, Eiten, Dahlgren, Tucker, Bruhl and Goetghebeur. Its diagnostic macromorphological characters have successfully been applied for developing the taxonomic key of Cyperaceae. The .....

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Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk memperkenal, menguji dan mengenalpasti keberkesanan penggunaan pelbagai media cetak terhadap pencapaian awal matematik kanak-kanak autistik prasekolah. Kajian ini merupakan kajian kuantitatif kuasi eksperimen dengan reka bentuk pengukuran berulang dalam subjek (within subject repeated measures design). Sampel kajian adalah seramai 15 orang kanak-kanak autistik pra sekolah di Melaka. Ujian Pra, Ujian 1, Ujian 2 dan Ujian Pasca digunakan sebagai instrumen. Kajian ini dijalankan dalam tiga fasa di mana rawatan diberikan dalam tempoh enam minggu dalam setiap fasa. Setiap fasa menggunakan pelbagai media cetak seperti Poster, Sampul Angpau, Kad Parkir, Kalendar Papan, Kalendar Flip, Tiket, Penanda Buku, Buku Manik, Kad Permainan, Foto, Brosur dan My Magic Album. Data dianalisa menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan analisis statistik inferensi menggunakan ANOVA sehala dengan pengukuran berulang. Tahap signifikasi Mauchly's Test ditetapkan pada p..

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Kajian ini bertujuan untuk membina dan mengesahkan Instrumen Persekitaran Fizikal Bilik Darjah (IPFBD) untuk digunakan di sekolah menengah di Malaysia. Pendekatan kuantitatif digunakan dan seramai 900 orang murid tingkatan empat terlibat dalam pembinaan dan pengesahan instrumen manakala 400 orang murid terlibat dalam penilaian persekitaran fizikal bilik darjah. Kajian ini juga menilai persekitaran fizikal dalam bilik darjah menggunakan IPFBD yang telah dibina. IPFBD yang dibina terdiri daripada dua bahagian utama, iaitu (i), mengukur kesesuaian persekitaran fizikal bilik darjah (enam konstruk) dan (ii), mengukur kesan persekitaran fizikal bilik darjah kepada murid (tiga konstruk). Dapatan kajian menunjukkan IPFBD yang dibina mempunyai kesahan konstruk yang tinggi dengan nilai muatan faktor dari julat 0.43 hingga 0.96 bagi setiap item. IPFBD turut mempunyai nilai pekali kebolehpercayaan yang tinggi iaitu dari julat 0.83 hingga 0.98 bagi keseluruhan sembilan konstruk yang dibina. Penilai.....

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This research is a comparison study of proverbs enteries from Kamus Istimewa Peribahasa (1965) dan Kamus Peribahasa Kontemporari (2001). The perpose of this academic research is to identify several processes and methods of proverbs existance in Kamus Peribahasa Kontemporari compared to those in Kamus Istimewa Peribahasa Melayu. Thus, the researcher conducted a content analysis method to gather data of two proverb dictionaries mentioned. A part from that, a library research has been conducted to find related theories as point of reference. Based on the research, .4359 proverbs in Kamus Peribahasa Kontemporari have developed from 6192 proverbs (A to K) in Kamus Istimewa Peribahasa. It is a clear evidence of the existance of 6192 new proverbs. Almost enttire of it has been used by youths in their dauly life. As a conclusion, new proverbs will continue to develop especially by the young generation. Hence, the growing numbers of these proverbs cotinue to happen unnoticably by its users and .....

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This research is on reading comprehension and level of reading ability for form 4 students, based on short stories. This research also touches on how the comprehension and level of reading ability link to Bahasa Melayu PMR’s achievement. The short stories that been focused on, is from form 4 text book under Dewan Bahasa and Pustaka. The main purpose of this research is to identify how far the link is between reading comprehension and reading ability level and Bahasa Melayu PMR’s achievement for form 4 students based on the selected short stories. Furthermore, the other purpose of this research is to identifying the link on how far the difficulties in learning Bahasa Melayu by using reading skills can affect the student’s performance. A few factors that have contributed to these difficulties are, difficulties in learning shorts stories anthology, difficulties in understanding teaching, insufficient to read Bahasa Melayu book at home, insufficient to do comprehension homework and t.....

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The learning of English grammar, especially the tenses has been recognized as a problem area to ESL learners. Learners produce numerous errors in receptive and productive skills of the English Language. This study examined the categories, types and sources of simple past tense errors made by 30 form two students from Sekolah Menengah Raja Muda Musa, Teluk Intan, Perak. The rationale for this study was to help the researcher to extend knowledge about simple past tense error and its sources. The instruments were two sets of compositions. The errors have been classified under two categories, interlingual and intralingual. The findings of this study indicate that respondents produced three types of errors, namely misinformation, addition and omission. The most frequent were errors caused by intralingual interference. Besides that, this study also indicate the sources of errors which are mother tongue interference, over generalization and rule restriction or wrong application of rule. The r.....

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This study investigates the effectiveness of using collaborative writing or small group discussion in enhancing students’ composition writing. Essays were given for the pre-test and post-test for both the experimental and controlled group, which comprised of twenty respondents each. A questionnaire was also given to evaluate the effectiveness of collaboration or small group discussion. The results of the tests were then analyzed for the study using the SPSS. The results proved that there are significant differences between using the conventional method and the collaborative method to teach writing. The findings strongly suggest that collaborative writing enhances students’ composition writing and that it is applicable in the teaching of writing. It is hoped that the English language teachers could use the findings of this study to modify their techniques in teaching writing to students and help them to overcome any problems...

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Phenotyping of human muscle based on its profile of myosin heavy chain isoforms is commonly used to help understand changes in muscle function. However, in many instances, measureable changes in force output or contractility occur in the absence of any change in myosin heavy chain profile. Therefore, more sophisticated analysis is required. Proteomic techniques including 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis, highperformance liquid chromatography and peptide mass spectrometry can be used to investigate changes in the abundance of hundreds of proteins simultaneously. To date, such techniques have not been used to specifically characterise the human myofibrillar proteome, or study how the myofibrillar proteome relates to muscle outputs such as peak isometric force or the velocity of contraction. This thesis presents a series of studies that develop proteomic techniques for the analysis of myofibrillar proteins as well as optimisation of techniques for measuring the range of muscle output fro.....

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The global spread of English has led many classrooms in the post-colonial contexts that teach English as a second and foreign language to pursue monolingual ideologies and to hire expatriate monolingual teachers. Monolingual teachers are posited to pursue more efficient teaching styles and classroom practices than the local teachers. However, there is very little evidence to support this claim. The few studies that have to date investigated teaching styles either did not focus on the teachers' beliefs or their classroom practices and they did not systematically compared different types of teachers in the same context. Although teachers' ideologies are deemed to be influential in shaping their classroom practices, not many studies have examined teachers' ideologies and its interconnection in classroom practices. Using ethnography multiple case studies design, this study investigates two types of teachers' classroom practices and ideologies. It particularly seeks to understand whether, a.....

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This research was designed to determine the factors that affect the “lonjakan Saujana” (momentum leap) in national primary schools (NPS) at Klang Valley. This research was conducted at 276 national primary schools in Klang Valley. The involved districts were: Petaling Perdana, Petaling Utama, Klang, Gombak and Hulu Langat. This sample consisted of the principals of those schools. The research involved these aspect: the co-operations of teachers, infrastructure facilities, leadership of principals, the support of PTA and the learning condition. This study utilized a correlational design. This findings show that the momentum leap of national primary schools in Klang Valley has significant relationship with location, the school’s performance, the principal’s leadership style, socioeconomic status, infrastructure, support of PTA and learning condition at school. This results also show that the momentum leap can increase parents’ confidence to place their children in national prim.....

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