The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the overall perception of the musical expressiveness of a piano performance is affected by the mode of presentation - audio, visual, or audio/visual combination - and whether or not mistakes made by the performer affect expressiveness scores. Subjects (N=90), were undergraduate music majors, randomly selected from two large state universities. A professional pianist performed an excerpt of a piece in three perceptual modes: audio only, visual only, and audio/visual combination, with and without mistakes. Subjects only saw, heard or heard and saw performances with and without mistakes and then rated each presentation for its musical expressiveness using a seven-point Likert scale. Two One- Way ANOVAs with repeated measures were used to analyze the data of audio only and audio/visual combination performances. A t-test with dependent variables was used to analyze the visual only mode. There were significant differences between the expre.....

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Developing an expressive and beautiful tone is one of the essential accomplishments to which instrumentalists and singers of all levels and styles aspire. Many tone instructional methods and concepts have been prevalent worldwide since Quantz_s time (1697-1773) and remain influential. Tone quality is considered as the most important basic attribute of all music and the most vital concept in the evaluation of the goodness or badness of a tone, although in musical literature the concept and its pedagogy are most unexplored and misinterpreted. In this research, primal sound is used as a natural and holistic element of tone pedagogy that encompasses the emotionally motivated expression and reflexive automatic body responses that engage the whole performer_s body and mind. This research investigates how the reflexive automatic body responses can be used as a facilitator between instrument and instrumentalist to construct the key components of tone and tone pedagogy. This research explores t.....

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This paper is a descriptive study of the creation of a new work that used practicebased and practice-led methodology, birdsong, electro-acoustics and philosophical argument to explore the theories of becoming as representative of the concept of _bring forth_ new truth. The composition which was the focus of the study employed electro-acoustics, live performance and Malaysian avian motifs. Electro-acoustics: to create an accompanying soundscape of bird-calls, and to manipulate particular calls in interplay with the live performer; Live performance with two extra dimensions: extended flute techniques and the application of digital signal processing to create a _more-than-flute_ timbre. The Malaysian avian songs were transcribed into common notation to derive motif material from which some of the melodic, harmonic and rhythmic elements of the composition were created. Based on the case study, it will be argued that the becoming (coming into being) notion of process-relational philosophy v.....

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As a composer, it has always been my intention to produce music which can be listened to, analysed and appreciated for its own sake, without reference to any extra-musical material. However, I have always been acutely aware of the extent to which my compositional process has evolved as a direct result of my engagement with extramusical forms, both as a scholar and a composer. It is my interpretation of these extra-musical forms which both inspires, and finds symbolic expression in, the musical structures and processes contained in my compositions. On one level, these structures and processes function solely as musical entities, and, as such they can be analysed in purely musical terms _ without reference to anything external to my compositions. However, when these entities are examined in relation to the extra-musical forms which influenced their creation, a new dimension of my music is revealed: its symbolic dimension. In this article, I outline the theoretical stances adopted through.....

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This research investigates variables that influence marching band competition scores in Indonesia. By employing Rickel_s (2008) variables, there are several indicators applied in the analysis, such as the number of members in the band, total program budget, number of national competitions participated in, rehearsal hours, and years of experience of the coaches. The sample involved includes 66 marching bands competing in an Indonesian national competition, the Grand Prix Marching Band. Most of the samples participants have made regular appearances in this event during 2006-2009. A questionnaire was given to band directors and/or home coaches. Multiple regression is was used to test the variables. This research has found that not all variables in the model have had a strong influence to on the competition score. Amongst the variables, the coach_s years of experiences hadve the strongest influence to on competition results, followed by the other variables, namely such as the numbers of me.....

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Negeri Perak merupakan sebuah negeri yang kaya dengan khazanah seni dan mempunyai pelbagai bentuk kesenian seperti tarian, silat dan sebagainya yang masih diwarisi sehingga kini khususnya di kalangan orang-orang Melayu. Oleh itu satu kajian perlu diadakan berkaitan muzik tradisi tari rakyat negeri Perak. Tujuan penyelidikan ini adalah untuk mengkaji jenis, bentuk dan fungsi dalam muzik tradisi tari negeri Perak. Berasaskan kepada tujuan ini pengkaji telah melaksanakan kajian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dari sudut etnomuzikogi. Kaedah pemerhatian berserta telah diguna pakai semasa pengumpulan data di lapangan. Lokasi kajian yang menjadi tumpuan utama adalah di Tanjong Bidara, Mukim Pulau Tiga, Kampong Gajah, Teluk Intan, Perak. Pengumpulan data di lapangan menggunakan instrument temu bual, rakaman video, rakaman audio multi-tracking dan imeg pegun. Hasil penyelidikan mendapati tiga jenis tarian yang masih dipersembahkan di negeri Perak iaitu Tarian Dabus, Tarian Bubu dan Tarian Lo.....

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The music acquisition and aesthetics of children in two Orang Asli villages, the Mah Meri of_ Kampung Sungai Bumbun, Carey Island, Selangor, and the Semai of Kampung Ulu Geroh, Gopeng has_ shifted from an oral tradition transmitted from ancestral lineages to institutionalized learning_ acquired from a teacher outside the Orang Asli cultural tradition. The interaction of Orang Asli_ children with friends from multicultural backgrounds, exposure to the mass media, and the_ evangelization of religious groups has also increasing dislocated Orang Asli children's music from_ a place-based and ethnic heritage to one of "deterritorialized" space and time. These phenomena_ emerged due to the nation's hegemonic policies of assimilation, development and globalization since_ Independence in 1957. This article discusses the variables that in.fluence and determine the music_ acquisition of Mah Meri and Semai children today. These variables include; issues of identity,_ worldviews and religion, touri.....

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The late twentieth century has witnessed a growing emphasis on multicultural music education._ However, as non-Western musics are often incompatible with classical music notation, some fear that_ this will adversely affect the time spent on teaching basic music concepts. At the same time,_ Malaysian music educators are woefully short of teaching materials. This paper introduces several_ folk genres from East Malaysia which offer a unique solution to these two problems. Based on_ research among the Kenyah over the last 15 years and Kadazandusun community from 2007-2009, a_ wealth of repertoire has been found to be applicable to the local music education scene. Malaysian_ music teachers have little access to publications of genuine local folksongs, especially those_ using the pentatonic scale. The music education syllabus also emphasizes local music instruments,_ such as the caklempong and gamelan, which are however, far beyond the budget of many schools,_ similarly, as the sophisticated.....

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The purpose of this study was to explore reasons behind graduates_ decisions to pursue teaching as a career and challenges experienced in a one year post graduate teacher education course (KPLI) in music education at a teacher training institution in Kuala Lumpur. Specific objectives of this study were to determine the pull and push factors that determine why young Malaysian graduates opt to change their career path to teaching at primary schools and how these young Malaysian graduates from various cultural backgrounds and qualifications view their training and face challenges in a one-year music education course. A total of 20 trainee teachers participated in this study. This study comprises two components. The first component consisted of two focus group discussions to bridge social and cultural differences amongst the participants. As a result of this first phase, trainee teachers with specific characteristics were targeted for a follow-up one-to-one interview phase. Interviews prov.....

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This study was carried out to determine the relationship between creativity and musical achievement among music major trainee teachers in a teacher education institution in Kuala Lumpur. Respondents for this survey study comprised 21 final year trainee teachers undergoing the four year Bachelor of Teaching Degree Programme majoring in Music Education. There were 7 males and 14 females. These respondents were the first intake of trainee teachers in this degree program. The mean age of these trainee teachers was 23.14 (SD=0.35). Creativity data was collected through Figural (Form A) of the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking (TTCT). Musical achievements of trainee teachers were measured using the Musical Achievement Test adapted from Colwell_s Music Achievement Test (1968). The Music Achievement Test consisted of pitch discrimination, interval discrimination, meter discrimination, major-minor mode discrimination, auditory-visual discrimination, and cadence recognition. Results of the stud.....

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