This paper extends the study of over-education in Malaysia by looking at the incidence and wage effects of over- and under-education across ethnic groups. Using the second Malaysia Productivity Investment Climate Survey (PICS-2), around 18% and 28% of workers employed in jobs for which they are overeducated and undereducated, respectively. By ethnic group, around 19% of Malays were overeducated with the corresponding figure of 15% each for the Chinese and The Indians. By contrast, around one-third of Chinese and Indian were undereducated as compared to 26% for the Malay. With respect to earnings outcomes, Ordinary Least Square (OLS) models showed that being over educated resulted in a greater earnings loss, around 9 to 11% irrespective of gender. However, being undereducated increases the individuals_ wage premium by around 9 to 12%. Close examination by ethnic groups revealed that the penalty is greater for the Indians (15%) and followed up by the Malays (10%) and Chinese (5%).Neverth.....

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This study aims to examine the causal relationship between the variables education level, income, unemployment, and poverty in the District of Sumenep. Data that isused in this study is a time series data from the period 2003-2012. Methods used to view the data stationary using Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Phillips-Perron (PP) method and testing the causal relationship between variables using Granger Causality Test. Based on the results of the data analysis it can be concluded that relationship between education level and poverty are not mutually independence or influence; the relationship between poverty and unemployment is not independence or influence each other; the relationship between unemployment and income is interdependence or mutual influence; the relationship between income and education level is interdependence or mutual influence; the relationship between education level and unemployment are not mutually independence or influence; the relationship between income and p.....

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Aluminum alloy AlSi12CuFe (AA332.0) is use as matrix material and Mg2Si (_ 10 _ 15 _m) as reinforcement will study. Composites containing of 15wt. % and reinforcement develop by stirring casting route. The ingot alloy melts in a graphite crucible in an electric furnace at 750_C _ 5_C. This molten stir for 45 minutes and the Mg2Si particles will add inside the vortex during stirring. After completion of the particle feeding, the molten will re-melt in the same temperature for another 15 minutes. The molten finely pours into the metal mould and allowed to solidify at room temperature. Full heat treatments will provide for the samples; solution treatment consist of heating in an electrical furnace at 500_C (_1_C) for 5 hours and then quenching in water at room temperature. The aging treatment shall be done at 170_C for 2 hours. Hardness analysis conducts by following the ASTM E384 _ 09 using a Vickers hardness tester. The wear tests conduct using a pin on disc sliding wear testing machine.....

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Since performance of lecturers is the key contributor of academic excellence, universities need to empower its human capital to be competitive and subsequently achieve world-class status. Unfortunately, effort to conduct research on measuring the performance of higher education institutions has a major setback compared to other industries due to its complex nature and difficulty in measuring its outputs. Furthermore, review of literature indicate that research conducted in education environment mainly focus on organizational performance rather than work performance. This study fills the gap by providing a research framework focusing on Theory of Work Performance. The interaction between performance measurement system and competency on lecturers works_ performance at the individual level was investigated through analysis on data gathered from 368 academics staff from five Malaysian research university. Finding shows 1) performance measurement system (PMS) has significant relationship wi.....

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The aim of this research is to examine the heterogeneity of corporate governance mechanisms (i.e., ownership concentration, board independence and CEO duality) across technology-based and mature industries. Our research extends existing corporate governance literature by conceptualizing that the effectiveness of corporate governance mechanisms is contingent upon industry settings. Specifically, the performance of technology-based firms depends on management capacity to respond to rapid market and technological changes. In mature industries, on the contrary, firms generally face a relatively stable business environment and producing standardized products. We employed multi-group analysis in the Partial Least Squares (PLS) path modeling to analyze the heterogeneous effects of corporate governance mechanisms on firm performance. Multi-group analysis in PLS path modeling is more powerful than linear regression because the former can detect multigroup difference-effect and handle violation .....

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The study_s primary objective is to examine influence of audit committee effectiveness on the extent of earnings conservatism amongst Malaysian publicly listed firms. Drawing on agency theory, supplemented by tenets of key corporate governance reforms undertaken in Malaysia since the Asian financial crisis in 1997, it is expected that audit committee effectiveness is positively associated with earnings conservatism. Aside from considering audit committee effectiveness through a holistic lens, the influence on earnings conservatism of three key components underlying audit committee effectiveness (independence, expertise, and diligence) is also examined. Conservatism is defined in terms of timeliness, and measured using models developed by Basu (1997). Analysis is based on annual data collected from 100 Malaysian firms (selected using stratified random approach) listed continuously on the Bursa Malaysia from January 1, 2002 till December 31, 2011. Following exclusions for missing data, e.....

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Diversification strategy has been researched extensively in the fields of strategic management and finance. Nevertheless, there is still inadequate empirical research related to the role of diversification strategy on selection of financing choice. Moreover, there is inconclusive evidence among literature in this particular field. This study examines the effect of diversification on choice of financing among Malaysian public listed firms using Pearson Correlation for a sample of 76 firms during the period of 1994-2007. The evidence suggests that diversification strategy positively influences choice of financing. This possibly indicates that implementation of diversification strategy has an impact on how firms select its financing decision. Nevertheless, this evidence should be further examined using robust methodology to substantiate this outcome...

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Recent literature pertaining on human capital development highlights that career program consists of two salient elements: planning and management. The ability of management to appropriately plan and manage career programs will help to meet employees_ career needs, and this situation may lead to enhanced career effectiveness. Although the nature of this relationship is interesting, the role of career needs as an important mediating variable is largely ignored in workplace career development model. Thus, this study was conducted to measure the correlation between career program, career needs and career effectiveness using self-report questionnaires gathered from employees at a Malaysian defense higher learning institution. The outcomes of SmartPLS path model analysis confirmed that fulfillment of career needs does act as an important mediating variable in the relationship between career program and career effectiveness in the organizational sample. Further, this study offers discussion,.....

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This paper investigates the interaction between capital structure and firm competition on the performance of firms in Nigeria. The study uses two distinct measures of competition, the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) and Boone indicator (BI), the impact of competition on leverage-performance relationship is examined. A panel of 63 Nigerian listed firms over the period 2001-2010 is used for the empirical analysis.The results indicate that financial leverage, used as a measure of capital structure, has significant positive effect on firm performance. It also reveals that product market competition in Nigeria enhances the performance effect of leverage. Keywords Leverage, performance, Boone indicator, Herfindahl-Hirschman indicator..

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The main purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of CEO power on the efficiency of corporate governance from the perspective of state-owned enterprises_ CEO turnover in China. Using data of listed SOEs from 2004- 2012, we find that: (1) CEO turnover is negatively correlated with company performance on the whole, yet the enhanced CEO power can reduce the possibility of being forcibly replaced due to the poor performance, showing that the power of CEO play a significant entrenchment role in the decisionmaking of executive turnover; (2) CEO turnover remarkably improves the company_s future performance. However, this promoting effect only appears after the turnover of CEO possessing less power; (3) Further studies also show that upgrading the administrative level and improving the institutional environment can inhibit the rent-seeking behavior of SOEs_ CEO. Our study is not only conducive to understanding the economic consequences of the power of SOEs_ chief executives, but also off.....

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