Study Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between hydration status, knowledge of hydration and the amount of fluid intake consumption during training among the soccer players. Material and Methods: Pre-training hydration status was measured by urine colour chart and Urine Specific Gravity (USG). A questionnaire on hydration knowledge was answered by the participants on the last day of training session. Pearson Correlation test was used to analyse the correlation between hydration status, knowledge of hydration and total amount of fluid intake among the participants. Results: The results showed that the participants were dehydrated during the three days of training. Sixty four percent of the participants had a satisfactory knowledge of hydration. However, the results indicated that the sweat loss was higher than fluid intake during the training. Pearson test revealed there were positive correlation between USG and urine colour (r=0.809, p..

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In this study, we visualized the superposition principle of sound waves in a both-closed-end (BCE) resonance tube. The resonance tube is constructed using an acrylic tube with 2.64 cm internal diameter and 150 cm length, polystyrene beads to illustrate the positions of displacement nodes and antinodes and two identical detachable speakers as source of sound waves at both ends of the tube. The superposition principle of sound waves in a BCE tube is performed for two conditions: speakers at both ends are in-phase and 180° out-of-phase with each other. The findings indicate that the superposition principle of sound waves in a BCE tube changes the modes of harmonic series in the tube depending on the phase of speakers. The harmonic series in BCE tubes occur at the even mode (n  =  2, 4, 6...) for in-phase speakers and the odd mode (n  =  1, 3, 5...) for out-of-phase speakers. The experimental values of harmonic frequencies differ by less than 6.09% compared to the theo.....

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This study aimed at determining the quality of the English Paper 1 (EP1) items of UPSR trial examination for six graders in terms of its reliability, validity and items characteristics. It also sought to determine the difficulty levels of 40 multiple-choice items consisting five constructs of vocabulary, language and social expression, grammar, cloze-comprehension and reading comprehension. A number of 525 primary schools students were randomly selected from 3876 students in Kuala Selangor, Malaysia. Using the Rasch measurement model, the validity evidences were shown through the results of Principle Component Analysis (PCA), fit statistics and item distractor analysis. The results from PCA analysis showed the absence of second dimension in the test, which met the assumption of modern testing theory. Fit statistics analyses have identified seven misfit items that are beyond the acceptable range (0.7 - 1.3 logit). Item distractor analysis has identified five problematic items whereby th.....

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The leaves and stem bark extracts of B. penangiana were screened to evaluate their antioxidant, antimicrobial,tyrosinase, lipoxygenase, and acetylcholinesterase activities. Evaluation of antioxidant activities were tested against DPPH, ABTS, and total phenolic content (TPC) assays. The antimicrobial activity were investigated by microdilution method for determination of MIC, MBC, and MFC. Tyrosinase and lipoxygenase inhibitory activities were analysed using mushroom tyrosinase and lipoxygenase enzymes, respectively. In addition, the acetylcholinesterase activity was tested using cholinesterase enzyme. The methanol extract of stem bark showed the highest phenolic content (176.8 mg GAE/g), DPPH free radical scavenging (IC50 95.5 μg/mL), ABTS (IC50 124.8 μg/mL), and lipoxygenase inhibitory activity (I: 46.3%). All extracts showed from moderate to weak activity with MIC/MBC/MFC values in the ranged of 62.5-1000 µg/mL. The ethyl acetate stem bark extract revealed the highest percentage i.....

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Objective – The removal of fuel subsidies by the Malaysian government in 2014 has been implement with the managed float system for fuel prices. Methodology/Technique – This study investigates the impact of the managed floating system of crude oil prices on the Malaysian economy using ARDL approach by looking at macroeconomic variables such as inflation, economic growth and unemployment rates. Findings – The results show that all of the variables have short lived relationship with oil prices whereby inflation and economic growth are positively related to oil prices. However, unemployment rate has a negative relationship with the changes of WTI crude oil prices. Novelty – The major input in the economy of Malaysia contributes to a positive relationship between inflation and oil prices, whilst the contribution of Malaysia being an oil-producing country results in the positive relationship of economic growth and oil price. Likewise, as oil prices are high, the increase in demand.....

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Arabic language is an important tool in learning and teaching Islamic Legal Sciences. Its importance that it is the language of the Holy Qur'an, which is the main source of Islamic texts and provisions. Therefore, to understand these texts, the learners must understand Arabic language. The aim of this study is to investigate the function of Arabic language as a tool used in teaching Islamic Legal Sciences in the International Islamic University of Malaysia. The researchers designed a questionnaire and was distributed among the students of Arabic Language to investigate the efforts of International Islamic University of Malaysia in teaching Arabic language especially within issues that are related to understanding the Quran.  ..

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The purpose of this study is to develop and evaluate Multi-frames Video Recorded Experiments (MFVREs) as self-learning materials for Electricity topic of the Malaysian Form Five Physics curriculum. The development of MFVREs consisted of eight steps; selecting topic, selecting related experiments, preparing apparatus and materials for experiments, testing experiments, setting up recording apparatus, recording experiments, editing MFVREs and testing MFVREs. The MFVREs comprised of four subtopics; electric field and charge flow, relationship between current and potential difference, series and parallel circuits and electromotive force and internal resistance. The compatibilities of MFVREs as selflearning materials were evaluated from their effectiveness’s towards students’ achievement and students’ perceptions towards MFVREs. The samples of this study consisted of 40 Form Five students of a secondary school in Slim River and they were equally and randomly divided into the experiment.....

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Mobile Multihop Relay (MMR) network is an attractive and low-cost solution for expanding service coverage and enhancing throughput of the conventional single hop network. However, mobility of Mobile Station (MS) in MMR network might lead to performance degradation in terms of Quality of Service (QoS). Selecting an appropriate Relay Station (RS) that can support data transmission for high mobility MS to enhance QoS is one of the challenges in MMR network. The main goal of the work is to develop and enhance relay selection mechanisms that can assure continuous connectivity while ensuring QoS in MMR network using NCTUns simulation tools. The approach is to develop and enhance a relay selection for MS with continuous connectivity in non-transparent relay. In this approach, the standard network entry procedure is modified to allow continuous connectivity with reduced signaling messages whenever MS joins RS that is out of Multihop Relay Base Station (MRBS) coverage and the relay selection is.....

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A study on the alkaloid composition on the Malaysian Annonaceae species, i.e Popowia perakensis King has been carried out. Barks of Popowia perakensis were extracted with hexane, dichloromethane and methanol, respectively. Dichloromethane extract further underwent the acid base treatment to give the alkaloidal crude extract. Isolation of compounds was carried out using various chromatography techniques including column chromatography and thin layer chromatography. Spectroscopic methods notably 1 H, 13 C NMR, IR, UV and GC-MS spectroscopy were utilized to identify pure compounds in addition to comparison of reported data. Two azaanthraquinones alkaloids namely cleistopholine 1 and 6-methoxycleistopholine 2 together with simple isoquinolone alkaloid, N-methylcorydaldine 3 had been isolated. All three alkaloids are known but they were isolated for the first time from this species. Cleistopholine 1 was tested for Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) inhibition to investigate its potential anti.....

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This  study  examined  the  effect  of  Mindfulness  Acceptance  Commitment-Physical  (MAC-P)  on anaerobic performance. The MAC-P specifically designed for anaerobic training, and has its validity and  reliability.  The  study used  non-randomized  control  group  pretest-posttest  design.  Research instrument consisted of Wingate Test to evaluate anaerobic performance in terms of peak power, mean power and anaerobic fatigue index. Subjects were semester one Coaching Science students from Sultan Idris Education University, divided into MAC-P (n = 21), PST (n = 21) and control (n = 21) group.  Analysis  of  Covariance  (ANCOVA)  showed  significant  effect  of  the  intervention  on  the achievement of post anaerobic peak power [F(2, 59) = 19.18, p < 0.05] and mean power [F(2, 59) = 3.60, p < 0.05]. However, the interventions did not have significant effect on post anaerobic fatigue. In conclusion, the MAC-P has prominent effect on  anaerobic performance.....

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