The intention of this paper is to determine the most efficient risk model which can be implemented in diverse business sectors of an economy. The methodology involved using Value-at-Risk (VaR) technique with the integration of GARCH-based representation on three selected non-financial sectors in Malaysia. Using time-series data from 1993 until 2010, the efficiency test namely the Mean Relative Scaled Bias (MRSB) is then conducted. The evidence showed that the VaR forecast integrated with t-distribution GARCH has better capabilities to track movements in true risk exposures thus suggesting it as the most efficient model within specific assumptions and constraints. Keywords Value-at-risk, efficiency test, mean relative scaled biased (two more keywords)..

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Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is a direct investment into business or production in one country through an entity in alternative country, either via purchasing a business in the target country or via developing operations of a current business in that country. Despite the vast research by Malaysians and other foreign researchers about FDI in Malaysia, there are still other indicators that affect Malaysia as an attractive destination for FDI flows and consideration for any investment opportunity. This research is based on primary data, which was collected through questionnaires with a sample of 34 foreign companies invested in Malaysia. The SPSS software is used to analyze the data. The findings show that 85 percent of investors agree to invest in Malaysia again, most of them prefer to invest in the tourism industry due to many reasons such as country attractiveness, economic growth, technology availability, religious freedom, and access to capital. Investors consider Malaysia as a go.....

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Customer Relationship Management (CRM) plays an exceptional role in enhancing today_s business. Organisations with large number of customer base find CRM as vital solution to gain competitive advantage. Current climate of business suggests that advancement in Internet technology has accelerated CRM solution and support. The emergence of electronic CRM (eCRM) system arguably has improved organizational performance. Nevertheless, CRM capabilities can be further enhanced by examining the possibility of integrating knowledge management. Hence, the proposition of this paper is that the success of eCRM performance can be improved by interweaving knowledge management concept. The aim of this study is to fit in the selected KM and eCRM models within four dimensions based on Resource-based View Theory (RBV): technology, knowledge, customer and business. The study identified that CRM Development Stages Model and Balance Scorecard Perspective of eCRM Model provides better fit to the four resource.....

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E-commerce, one of the areas of ICT that interests governments, has received particular attention. It is said that e-commerce is crucial for economic success and gives SMEs a major advantage in the marketplace. Yet, reality seems to be quite different from this rhetoric. This paper explores the extent of e-commerce adoption amongst SMEs in Malaysia that have received government e-commerce grants. It highlights preliminary findings from an exploratory study of 101 websites of funded SMEs. Only 68 of the 101 websites are operational at all. Many SMEs have e-mail and websites, but very few bother with anything more sophisticated. This result is surprising if e-commerce really is so valuable to SMEs. Implications are discussed and some concluding thoughts are made. Keywords Internet, government, e-commerce, SMEs..

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Evidence from the literature suggested that there is a positive relationship between education and earning. However, to what extent the returns differ according to the choice of individual_s economics activity remain debatable particularly in developing countries? For various reasons, some would prefer to work independently, but others like to join a formal sector and received earnings frequently. Education returns of wage earners and self-employed workers are the main objective of this study. The method of this study is using Ordinary Least Square estimation on wage equation. Using males sample of a cross sectional data from 2002 to 2004, we found a trend of occupational choice and level of education for the formal sector is positive relatively. This paper argues that self-employed workers always obtained higher returns to education than their wage-earning counterpart. The data suggested that for those who obtained a higher credentials are more likely to involve in wage salaries rathe.....

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Kajian ini dijalankan untuk mengkaji tingkah laku ponteng sekolah dalam kalangan pelajar di sebuah  sekolah di Perak berdasarkan Teori Pilihan (Choice Theory). Tujuan kajian adalah untuk menganalisis  situasi psikologi kawalan luaran dan dalaman pelajar ponteng, mengkaji keperluan asas (basic needs)  pelajar ponteng dan memahami tingkah laku keseluruhan (total behaviour) pelajar ponteng berdasarkan  kepada aspek, perlakuan, pemikiran, perasaan dan fisiologi. Kajian ini berbentuk kajian kes.  Seramai empat orang responden utama dan tiga orang informan tambahan ierlibat dalam kajian kes ini.  Data dikumpul dengan menggunakan kaedah temu bual.  Hasil temu bual disokong dengan analisis  dokumen. Data yang diperolehi dianalisis menggunakan perisian Nvivo. Hasil kajian menunjukkan  elemen kasih sayang, keseronokan dan kebebasan adalah merupakan keperluan  asas  yang  dominan   dalam  kalangan  peserta  kajian.  Sementara  situasi persekitaran sekolah dan sikap gur.....

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Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh efikasi kendiri guru terhadap kepimpinan guru Generasi X dan Y. Kaedah kajian adalah kuantitatif dengan reka bentuk tinjauan menggunakan soal selidik untuk mendapatkan data. Kajian ini melibatkan 297 orang guru dari 43 buah sekolah kebangsaan di daerah Kerian dengan populasi guru seramai 1279 orang. Kaedah persampelan rawak berstrata telah digunakan dalam memilih sampel kajian. Analisis statistik deskriptif dan inferensi digunakan untuk analisis data. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan tahap efikasi kendiri guru pada tahap yang tinggi (min = 4.23, SP = .461) dan kepimpinan guru juga berada pada tahap yang tinggi (min = 4.21, SP = .513). Berdasarkan analisis ujian t, tiada perbezaan signifikan tahap efikasi kendiri guru dan kepimpinan guru di antara Generasi X dan Y. Berdasarkan analisis analisis regresi mudah, nilai __2=0.418 menunjukkan efikasi kendiri guru telah mempengaruhi kepimpinan guru sebanyak 41.8 peratus pada aras signifikan (p=0.000). Kesi.....

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This paper examines whether corporate diversification will have any effects on firm excess value in Malaysia and whether diversification will enhance the firm value when companies diversify to more segments. The findings reveal that diversification destroys firm excess value in Malaysia during year 2006 to 2008. Furthermore, the higher of a firm_s diversification level, the lower firm value it has, suggesting single-segmented firms in Malaysia perform better than multi-segmented firms. The Malaysian firms should therefore invest surplus fund in their core business operations as diversification does not add value to portfolio. Keywords Corporate diversification, firm excess value, (another three keywords)..

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Stock price is one of the most important leading indicators in the economy. It can be affected by a many factors including volatility of the market, current economic conditions and popularity of the company. Thus, stock price is an essential determinant of a country_s economic growth. The purpose of conducting this study is to examine the relationship between stock prices and selected variables namely exchange rate, inflation rate, interest rate, money supply, balance of trade, disposable income and gross domestic products. Quarterly data are used in this study ranges from 1999 to 2011. The statistical method used in this study is the multiple linear regression which is used in determining the relationship between dependent variable and independent variables. The findings of this study show that there are positive relationship between stock prices of the Kuala Lumpur Composite Index (KLCI) with the balance of trade and interest rate. This study emphasizes on the effects of selected var.....

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The rapid growth of AI-driven advertising requires a clear understanding of user acceptance for long-term market success. However, existing research lacks a framework addressing Huawei smartphone users_ acceptance of AI advertising in Henan Province, hindering the development of targeted strategies. This study, based on the extended UTAUT model, aims to: (1) Examine the relationship between UTAUT factors (Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, Social Influence, Facilitating Conditions, advertising Creativity, Consumer Perception, Behavioral Intention, and User Behavior) and AI advertising in Henan, China; (2) Investigate the mediating role of Behavioral Intention between independent variables (Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, Social Influence, Facilitating Conditions, advertising Creativity, Consumer Perception) and the dependent variable (User Behavior); (3) Evaluate the moderating effects of Gender, Age, and Experience on these relationships; and (4) Develop a refined c.....

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