The purpose of this study was to investigate essential oils content, phytochemicals, computational modelling and bioactivities of four Knema species (Myristicaceae). Essential oils were extracted via hydrodistillation and were analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Phytochemicals were isolated using silica gel column chromatography and their chemical structures were elucidated via spectroscopic methods including nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. Computational studies were performed to assess the binding of isolated compounds to acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), and their antibiofilm activities. The major components of the four Knema essential oils were as following: K. intermedia (_-muurolol, 20.1%), K. malayana (_-cadinene, 20.2%), K. hookeriana (_-caryophyllene, 26.2%), and K. furfuracea (bicyclogermacrene, 23.1%). Phytochemical investigati.....

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Social entrepreneurship represents a novel methodology for tackling global social issues. Despite increasing global interest, less knowledge exists regarding how social enterprises efficiently utilize the abilities of autistic individuals, especially within the Malaysian context. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the realm of social entrepreneurship in Malaysia and examine how it creates social value for autistic individuals by recognizing the distinct problems they encounter. A qualitative methodology was employed, utilizing data gathered from semi-structured interviews, observations, and documentation. A thematic analysis was performed on data collected from six social enterprises in the Klang Valley that predominantly assist autistic individuals. Findings reveal several key themes, such as high unemployment rates among autistic individuals, pathways to inclusion and empowerment, the existence of support systems, and structural challenges within the social entrepreneurship ec.....

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Kajian ini bertujuan membangunkan Model SPIKK, sebuah Model Asas Pengajaran Berdasarkan Nilai-Akhlak dalam STEM Matematik di Sekolah Rendah dan menilai kebolehgunaannya. Reka bentuk penyelidikan menggunakan pendekatan Design and Development Research (DDR) melalui tiga fasa: (1) analisis keperluan, (2) reka bentuk dan pembangunan, dan (3) penilaian kebolehgunaan. Temu bual separa struktur telah digunakan bagi fasa analisis keperluan dan penilaian kebolehgunaan model, manakala fasa reka bentuk menggunakan Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) dan fasa pembangunan menggunakan Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) dengan perisian Concept Star. Seramai 51 pakar telah dipilih melalui teknik pensampelan bertujuan. Di dalam fasa analisis keperluan, kesemua enam pakar bersetuju tentang kepentingan untuk mengintegrasikan Nilai-Akhlak dalam pendidikan Matematik STEM di sekolah rendah. Dalam fasa reka bentuk, FDM digunakan untuk mencapai konsensus dalam kalangan 29 pakar dalam bidang pendidikan Matematik, N.....

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Lagu Melayu Asli (LMA) has evolved in the cultural and musical landscape from generations. However, there are concerns regarding the singing style, especially in identifying its aesthetics which draws limited, formulaic, and stagnant form of singing style. Disparities of paradigms influential to conflicts over what is measured _authentic._ In reality, the vocal tradition is impractical to be measured in the facet of authenticity as its aesthetics evolve with time and relevance to different phenomena and eras. The researcher argues that this matter needs to be dismantled to provide the singing style of LMA with farther perspectives. Henceforth, LMA singing style should supply individuality, with each singer consuming their unique approach, rather than conforming to the same style. Upon achieving a foundational understanding towards fundamental elements of singing style and composition, it is imperative for singers to intricately blend their individual artistic expression with a discipli.....

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This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a counseling program based on the development of social skills, emotional intelligence, and achievement motivation in reducing bullying behavior among middle school students in the United Arab Emirates, as perceived by teachers, principals, social workers, and educational supervisors. The study adopted a quantitative research design, in which data were collected using a closed-ended, self-reported questionnaire developed to measure the psychological and behavioral characteristics of bullying students. The questionnaire comprised three main constructs: social skills, emotional intelligence, and achievement motivation. It was administered to a purposive sample of 283 participants, including teachers, principals, social workers, and educational supervisors working in middle schools in Abu Dhabi. The collected data were analyzed using appropriate statistical techniques, including correlation analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA), t-test.....

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Bebop lines merupakan salah satu elemen muzik yang boleh diguna pakai ketika mengimprovasi lagu Jazz. Idea ini tercetus dari lagenda jazz seawal tahun 1940-an iaitu Charlie Parker (1920-1955) dan Dizzy Gilliespie (1917-1993). Muzik bebop terkenal dengan tempo yang laju dan sukar untuk dimainkan, lebih-lebih lagi dengan menggunakan alat muzik trombon. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti elemenelemen muzik yang terdapat di dalam bebop lines seperti rentak, simbol dan corak dan seterusnya diimplementasikan pada bahagian melodi lagu dan improvisasi dengan menggunakan lagu-lagu nyanyian Zain Azman, yang merupakan penyanyi jazz terulung di Malaysia sekitar tahun 1950-an. Walaupun lagu-lagu nyanyian beliau sering dipersembahkan di dalam pelbagai bentuk ensemble, namun demikian pernampilan alat muzik trombon sebagai pemain solo utama masih kurang diketengahkan. Dengan merujuk kepada beberapa pemain trombon jazz bebop terdahulu, ianya memberi inspirasi dan gambaran untuk mengembangkan lagi.....

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Kajian bertujuan untuk menilai kebolehgunaan Instrumen Faktor Literasi Membaca sebagai pengukur faktor yang mempengaruhi kebolehan membaca murid tingkatan dua. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan penyelidikan reka bentuk dan pembangunan (DDR) yang melibatkan tiga fasa iaitu, fasa analisis keperluan, fasa reka bentuk dan pembangunan, dan fasa penilaian. Instrumen kajian melibatkan soal selidik dan temu bual. Data kuantitatif yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif dan inferens, manakala data kualitatif dianalisis secara bertema. Persampelan kajian menggunakan teknik persampelan rawak berkelompok (150 orang guru), persampelan bertujuan (15 orang pakar) dan persampelan rawak berstrata (462 orang murid). Dapatan kajian yang diperoleh menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh guru (R2 = 80%, p < 0.05), sekolah (R2 = 48%, p < 0.05), murid (R2 = 34%, p < 0.05) dan keluarga (R2 = 11%, p < 0.05) terhadap kebolehan membaca murid. Analisis juga mendapati terdapat pengaruh status sosioekonomi dan lokasi sek.....

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The aim of the study is to investigate the use of Confucian cultural elements in Chinese animated films and their role in social education. The research employs historical analysis to review the development of Chinese animated films, exploring the application and evolution of Confucian elements in different periods. Based on Nelson Goodman's theory of representation, this research analyzes the use of Confucian cultural elements in the top-grossing Chinese animated films from 2015 to 2023, focusing on themes, characters, and symbolic meanings in scenes. Through case studies, a semiotic analysis of representative works is conducted to reveal Confucian elements_visual representation and symbolic meaning. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that recent Chinese animated films increasingly incorporate Confucian elements in content and form, enhancing animated films' cultural depth and social function through character development, plot design, and value transmission. These Confucian s.....

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Kajian ini menganalisis penghijrahan pendatang Filipina ke Sabah dalam tempoh 1972 hingga 2014 dengan memberi fokus kepada implikasinya dari sudut sosial, politik, ekonomi dan keselamatan, serta tindak balas pihak kerajaan. Sejak dekad 1970-an, Sabah menjadi tumpuan migran dari selatan Filipina, khususnya ekoran konflik bersenjata di Mindanao dan tekanan ekonomi domestik yang mendorong penghijrahan rentas sempadan. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif sejarah melalui analisis data primer dan sekunder. Kajian ini menggunakan dokumentasi rasmi kerajaan Malaysia, laporan organisasi antarabangsa serta temubual terpilih dengan migran. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa fenomena penghijrahan ini telah mengubah struktur demografi Sabah dengan ketara, membawa kepada pertumbuhan populasi bukan warganegara dan mewujudkan cabaran dalam penyediaan perkhidmatan awam. Implikasi terhadap keselamatan dan kewarganegaraan turut ketara, khususnya berkaitan status pendatang tanpa dokumen sah dan ko.....

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This study aimed to develop and evaluate a creative music module designed to enhance executive function in urban left-behind children aged six to seven. As urbanization accelerates and labor migration increases, the number of urban left-behind children has grown, their challenges remain under explored. A mixed method approach guided by the ADDIE model informed this study. There were 60 participants randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The intervention lasted 12 weeks and was conducted in a natural classroom setting. Executive function, including inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility, was assessed at three time points: before the intervention, at the midpoint, and after completion. Quantitative data were analyzed using a 2 * 3 mixed design repeated measures ANOVA to examine main and interaction effects. Although the difference in inhibitory control between the two groups did not reach statistical significance, the experimental group exhibited an .....

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