Pengetahuan pedagogi isi kandungan (PCK) digambarkan sebagai pengetahuan yang khusus bagi guru di mana ia dapat mengenal pasti pengetahuan subjek bagi guru berbeza daripada yang difahami oleh pakar kandungan subjek. Kertas ini membincangkan bagaimana pengintergrasian komponen-komponen PCK yang melibatkan pengetahuan isi kandungan, pengetahuan pedagogi am, pengetahuan pedagogi khusus dan pengetahuan konteks semasa membuat transformasi pengajaran pembelajaran dengan menggunakan _Model of Pedagogical Reasoning and Action_. Metodologi kajian menggunakan pendekatan kajian kes untuk menyiasat dan meneroka PCK guru matematik semasa mengajar tajuk Trigonometri. Kajian ini melibatkan lima orang guru matematik baru (< 5 tahun) dan lima orang guru matematik berpengalaman (> 5 tahun) tingkatan 4 di daerah Batang Padang, Perak. Data kualitatif dikumpul melalui temu bual, pencerapan (pemerhatian) pengajaran pembelajaran, dan dokumen-dokumen yang berkaitan seperti silibus, buku rekod mengajar, dan la.....

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Sentiment Analysis (SA) field relies on lexicons to analyze people's perceptions. Therefore, evaluating and benchmarking lexicons is crucial for SA development, falling under Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM). The Fuzzy-Decision-by-Opinion-Score Method (FDOSM) and Fuzzy-Weighted-Zero-Inconsistency (FWZIC) techniques are novel MCDM extensions in a fuzzy-environment that address complexity-problems. Hence, this study aims to use these techniques to evaluate and benchmark dialectal lexicons. The methodology for this research is presented in four phases. The first phase includes developing four main criteria, along with its 28 sub-criteria for lexicon evaluation; the second phase proposes a multidimensional decision-matrix based on evaluation criteria and available lexicons; in the third phase, the multidimensional evaluation and benchmarking results of MCDM are obtained by FDOSM and are achieved by FWZIC; in the fourth phase, the validation was conducted based on the fusion of Systema.....

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Model Persamaan Berstruktur (MPB) secara khususnya sesuai digunakan bagi memodelkan hubungkait antara konstruk bersandar dan tak bersandar berbilang secara serentak. MPB mampu menjawab set persoalan kajian yang berhubungkait secara komprehensif dan sistematik kebiasaannya dengan menggunakan dua pendekatan, iaitu, MPB berdasarkan anggaran kebolehjadian maksimum (MPBAKM) dan kuasa dua terkecil separa (MPB-KTS). Bagi membangunkan MPB yang melibatkan konstruk pendam psikologi. Konstruk pendam psikologi perlu dianggarkan. Diketahui daripada beberapa kajian, data psikologi tidak bertaburan secara normal, dan wujud multikolinearan antara pembolehubah penunjuk yang membentuk pembolehubah konstruk tersebut. Dalam kajian ini, didapati bahawa wujud multikolinearan antara pembolehubah penunjuk dalam konstruk psikologi. Pendekatan MPB-AKM mengandaikan data bertaburan secara multivariat normal. Walau bagaimanapun pendekatan MPB-KTS adalah bebas-taburan, di samping tidak memerlukan andaian yang ketat.....

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Banyak kajian menunjukkan ramai dalam kalangan pelajar menghadapi masalah untuk memahami, seterusnya mengaplikasikan konsep yang dipelajari di dalam bilik darjah ke dalam kehidupan harian. Sehubungan dengan ini satu kajian telah dijalankan untuk mengenal pasti tahap kefahaman pelajar terhadap konsep asid-bes dan aplikasinya dalam kehidupan harian. Seramai 280 orang pelajar tingkatan empat aliran sains di tujuh buah sekolah daerah Johor Bahru, telah dilibatkan dalam kajian. Data kajian diperolehi dengan menggunakan satu set soal selidik _Aplikasi Konsep Asid-Bes Dalam Kehidupan Harian_. Data-data dianalisis dengan mengira frekuensi skor, peratusan, min dan sisihan piawai serta korelasi Pearson. Hasil kajian menunjukkan tahap kefahaman pelajar terhadap kosep asid-bes adalah sederhana; manakala, kemampuan mereka untuk mengaplikasikan konsep tersebut dalam kehidupan harian adalah lemah. Walau bagaimanapun, tidak terdapat perkaitan yang jelas antara tahap kefahaman pelajar terhadap konsep a.....

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This study reported on glutamate sensors based on chitosan as a heterogeneous membrane. The linearity was found to vary from 1.0 _ 10-5 M to 1.0 _ 10-1 M. The limit of detection was 5.0 _ 10-6 M and the pH values were in the range from 4 to 6. The presence of ionic species normally found in foodstuffs did not interfere the electrode. The material for proposed electrodes were cheap and environmental friendly and therefore are suggested as alternative tools for the analysis of glutamate. Keywords: Chitosan, heterogeneous membrane, glutamate..

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This study aimed to molecularly barcode fish diversity found in Tasik Raban, Lenggong Perak, using cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) markers and to develop an educational manual for public reference, consisting of BOLD online data. Freshwater fish were sampled from Tasik Raban and a fin clip from each specimen was collected for molecular amplification utilizing the COI gene. Prior to creating the manual through the implementation of the ADDIE instructional learning methodology, various tasks such as morphological identification, COI divergence assessment, species delimitation, and phylogenetic analysis were undertaken. A total of 142 samples were collected encompasses eight families, 15 genera, and 16 species. Sequencing of extracted DNA revealed 77 DNA barcode with pairwise distance ranging from 0.00% to 2.00%. The application of Neighbour-Joining, Maximum Parsimony, and Maximum Likelihood in phylogenetic analysis showed consistent tree structures without any overlapping clusters. .....

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The benzaldehyde_(1R)_(-)_fenchone azine (1) and derivatives (3), (4), (5), (6) and (7) were prepared by heating the desired benzaldehyde derivatives and fenchone hydrazone in boiling ethanol solution in the presence of acetic acid as catalyst for 3 h. Treatment of the ligands (L) with Na2PdCl4H2O or [PdCl2(NCPh)2] in the ratio of 1 : 1 or 2 : 1 gave the complexes of the type PdL2Cl2 (2), (8), (9), (10), (11) and (12) of which the palladium was bonded to the nitrogen near to fenchone residue. Keywords: Fenchone azine, chiral terpene, palladium complexes..

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Traditionally, the teaching of introductory statistics course in many colleges around the world is through the lecture method where the emphasis is on giving students the rules and techniques to be memorized and drill set for practicing algorithms. Active learning in learning statistical activities, is rarely, if ever, being encouraged. The work done in an introductory statistics classroom can therefore become dry and technique-oriented and consequently fail to show the power and nature of statistics. This paper describes an experimental study where the relative effects of cooperative learning versus lecture method of instruction in an introductory statistics course for student teachers were examined. The experimental group was given learning materials or units using the cooperative learning method while the control group was given none of the units but received the same cognitive input through the lecture method. The study was carried out over a period of five weeks with an hour-long .....

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Aboriginal students were found to have difficulty adapting and assimilating to training sessions that used a game-based approach. Aboriginal students are also unable to compete in football matches in terms of fitness. Therefore, this study examined the effectiveness of intervention methods using the Style-E Tactical (SET) and Skill- Based (SB) pedagogical models on decision-making, skill execution, and physical performance of youth football players among the Aboriginal people. This study made anecdotal observations of the implementation of the SET and SB models by coaches during training with Aboriginal youth football players. This study employs a mixedmethods approach to compare the effects of the SET and SB models on Aboriginal youth football players in a 5-on-5 mini-game. This study uses a quasi-experimental non-equivalent group design for pre-and post-tests with two intervention groups in football training. A total of 34 respondents from the selected school were evenly divided into.....

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Kajian ini dijalankan oleh pengkaji untuk mengetahui Indikator Pemikiran Kritis dalam Pengajaran Pendidikan Islam Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan di Betong, Sarawak. Kajian yang dijalankan ini adalah menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif secara keseluruhannya. Metod pengumpulan data kajian menggunakan instrument temubual separa berstruktur, pemerhatian dan analisis dokumen. Oleh yang demikian, kajian ini dilaksanakan untuk meneroka indikator ilmu pemikiran kritis dalam pengajaran Pendidikan Islam, meneliti kemahiran teknikal iaitu prasarana pendidikan dan kesediaan guru terhadap pemikiran kritis dalam pengajaran Pendidikan Islam dan mengenalpasti faktor yang menyokong dan menghalang proses pemerkasaan pemikiran kritis dalam pengajaran Pendidikan Islam di Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan. Dapatan kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa pemikiran kritis mampu untuk diaplikasikan dalam pengajaran Pendidikan Islam. Selain itu, sebagai seorang GPI yang terlatih, kaedah pengajaran boleh dilaksanakan secara fleksib.....

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