Low-back pain (LBP) has significantly reduced daily activities, work hours and societal productivity, with an increase since the COVID-19 pandemic. The study aimed to investigate the effects of progressive lumbar stabilization exercises (LSE) on back flexibility and pain intensity after four weeks and follow-up until week eight in students with Non-specific low-back pain (NSLBP) after COVID-19. A total of 34 UPSI students with NSLBP (pain duration: >6 months, age: 23.4±2.1 years, weight: 67.2±9.2 kg, BMI: 24.9±1.35 kg.m-2) participated in this study and they were randomly assigned to the LSE (n=17) or control (n=17) groups. The LSE group performed pelvic tilt, double knee-to-chest, bridging, bird dog, superman, cat and camel and partial curl-up exercises for eight weeks, 30 minutes and three sessions per week. The Sit and Reach test was used to assess back flexibility, and pain intensity was assessed using the VAS at the baseline, weeks 4 and 8. In baseline, week 4th and endpoint ti.....

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This paper presents the numerical investigation of natural convection heat transfer of copper-alumina/pure water hybrid nanofluid in an oblique U-shaped enclosure. The dimensionless governing equation is formed in the stream function-vorticity formulation using dimensionless variables. The Galerkin weighted residual finite element method with the damped Newton-Raphson iteration method is applied to the problem. The heat transfer performance for the system is investigated by varying the Rayleigh numbers, nanoparticle volume fractions and their ratios, and the oblique angles of the enclosure. The fluid flow, heat transfer, and vorticity analysis are conducted extensively for the Rayleigh number up to 106. It was found that the oblique enclosure dwindled the overall heat transfer performance. Correspondingly, the maximum vorticity is at the lowest with zero obliquenesses. The results are used to gain a deeper understanding of the fluid flow and thermal behaviour of the system to achieve m.....

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Visualization strategies are strategies that utilize images to help strengthen the students' understanding of reading comprehension. Through this strategy, students will describe the meaning obtained from the text in the form of rough sketches. The use of these images allows the students to be more focused on the continuation of reading because they understand the meaning more clearly. This study aims to investigate the impact of information visualization techniques on reading comprehension performance among elementary school students in Malaysia. The study adapted quantitative study through a quasi-experimental design and survey questionnaire. 300 students from Standard 4 to Standard 6 (10 to 12 years old) were chosen as the participants of the study. They were divided into Experimental Group (n=150) and the control Group (n=150). The experiment has been done in 2 classes per week, in a total of 6 weeks. The participants in the Experimental Group were taught reading comprehension usin.....

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The current study describes the chemical composition, antifungal, antibiofilm, antibacterial and molecular docking studies of Syzygium dyerianum growing in Malaysia. The essential oil was obtained through hydrodistillation and characterized using gas chromatography (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antifungal and antibacterial activities were developed using the broth microdilution assay, whereas the effect on the microbial biofilms was determined using a semi-quantitative static biofilm assay. A total of 31 components were identified, which represent 99.5 % of the essential oil. The results revealed that the essential oil consisted mainly of β-pinene (15.6 %), α-terpineol (13.3 %), α-pinene (11.1 %), caryophyllene oxide (8.8 %), limonene (8.1 %), borneol (6.0 %) and viridiflorol (5.1 %). The results of the microdilution method showed that essential oil exhibited activity against Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans with minimal inhibitory concentra.....

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Gamification strategies have been used increasingly in e-learning environments for improved engagement and effectiveness of learners. The aim of this systematic review is to identify the benefits and challenges of gamification of e-learning systems. Additionally, it has also objective to examine the impact of gamification on the effectiveness of learning in e-learning systems. Therefore, this systematic review explores the advantages of incorporating game elements into e-learning systems, addresses the challenges encountered during this integration, and discusses the future research opportunities presented in recent studies. A total of 37 studies published in the past decade, between 2014 and 2023, were reviewed in this paper. The findings revealed that gamification had improved student motivation and engagement levels. Moreover, from a design perspective, teachers believe that there is a need to enhance the design elements of gamified e-learning systems to better align the gamified el.....

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The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between economic growth, inflation, and unemployment. One notable feature of empirical research is the rarity of studies that examine the effects of unemployment and inflation on economic growth in different economic environments, despite the large number of studies that look into these two variables. The study also incorporates interest rates and exchange rates as control variables. This study employs time series data spanning from 1994 to 2020 for selected 5 countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and the Philippines, under diverse economic conditions. The analysis utilises the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method to examine the relationships between economic growth and its determinants. The empirical results of the study reveal: (1) Economic growth benefits from reducing inflation, interest rates, and exchange rates, underscoring their positive i.....

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This research investigates the impact of Non-digital Gamification (NDG) techniques on students' math achievement, focusing on Fractions. Utilizing a quasi-experimental design, the study involved 100 primary school students in Perak. Two groups were formed: the control group, which followed traditional teaching methods, and the experimental group, which experienced NDG learning approaches. The findings indicate that students using NDG perform better in math (fractions) assessments compared to those using conventional methods. This study provides empirical evidence supporting the efficacy of NDG in teaching Fractions. The results underscore the potential for educators to innovate and enhance gamification tools, particularly in mathematics, contributing to educational advancements aligned with the goals of the Malaysian Ministry of Education. © 2024, STKIP Siliwangi Bandung (IKIP Siliwangi). All rights reserved...

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