This study aims to build the Holistic Assessment Standard (HAS) instrument for handball games based on the teaching method of Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU) in Form 2 Physical Education through the Holistic Assessment Standards (HAS) approach. The construction process of the Holistic Assessment Standard (HAS) uses two models as the basis for the process of forming and constructing it, namely Dick & Carey Model and Morrow Model as well as seven resources to assess the students' mastery and achievements which are the main thrive as a reference in the construction of this instrument, the TGfU Model, Malaysian Education Development Plan Document (PPPM) 2013 - 2025, Relevant Professional Circular Letter, Curriculum and Assessment Standard Document (DSKP) Form 2, Contruktivism Theory, Krathwohl Taxonomy, Bloom & Masia, and Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS). Discussion focuses on the construction of Holistic Assessment Standards (HAS) instruments involving teacher assessment method.....

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The purpose of this study is to design and Health Education assessment module for Classroom-based assessment implementation. This study will employ the Design and Development Research (DDR) approach, which has three phases. During phase one, needs analysis carried out with 291 Health Education teachers. This is to identify whether there is a need to develop Health Education Assessment Module for Classroom-based assessment implementation. During the second phase, the design and development phase, the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM), will be carried out by inviting 20 experts from various fields. During the evaluation phase, quasi experiment will be implemented to know the module's effectives among lower primary students. Random sampling will be used in the need analysis and evaluation phase, while purposive sampling method in the second phase. The data will be analyzed using descriptive statistics. Analysis of the data of this study will be made by using 'SPSS' version 22. Keywords: Design .....

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Home-based teaching and learning were implemented following the outbreak of COVID-19 in the country as part of an initiative to ensure students are able to learn despite the school closure. Children’s physical activity becomes limited when the Movement Control Order was initiated restricts their attendance at school. This study aims to identify the challenges faced by preschool teachers in performing physical activities during home-based teaching and learning. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method. A total of 147 preschool teachers from a district in Kedah were randomly selected to answer the questionnaire provided. Data were analyzed descriptively by looking at means and percentages. The findings showed 95% of teachers stated that they use songs to teach physical activities to children. Barriers and challenges faced by teachers due to children not having good internet access for online learning (54.4%). Findings for parental support showed they helped children.....

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Global trends and advancements, economic demands, technological revolutions, and challenges are among some of the factors contributing towards the creation of business incubators to nurture fledgling startups to upscale and accelerate their business development. Although it is widely acknowledged that incubation models have changed over the years, yet not many aware of the value propositions that have been evolved over the past decades. Therefore, this study starts with the genesis of business incubation which was retraced in the 1950s. Thus, by using typology methodology, this study reviews the evolution of business incubators into three phases, namely first generation; economy of scale, second-generation; knowledge-based service, and the third generation; access to external resources, knowledge, and legitimacy. To provide comprehensive data, the methodology used was the integrative review of the literature. This study suggests the incubators’ strategy and value proposition should b.....

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The aim of this study is to determine the validity and reliability of Assessment Instrument for Special Needs Students (AISNS) based on invasion category games in Physical Education. The design of assessment instrument is based on the PDCA Cycle Model (plan, do, check, act). The process of gaining validity and reliability involves two cycles. The result showed the validity of assessment instrument is r = 0.91 (N = 5) while the reliability is r = 0.97 (N = 6). Based on the findings, AISNS is suitable to be used as a standardized learning assessment instrument to assess the level of Performance Standard for basic skills of invasion category games in Physical Education (Special Education) for Form 2. Keywords: Learning Assessment Instrument, School-Based Assessment, Physical Education, Special Education, Invasion Category Games, Validity, Reliability...

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The study investigates the effects of peer instruction and examines students’ participation in a flipped learning environment on ESL students’ argumentative essay writing performance and critical thinking. A mixed-method design was used. A total of 120 upper-intermediate English proficiency students from a university in Malaysia were chosen as participants for seven weeks. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Descriptive interpretations and thematic analysis were used to analyse the qualitative data. The results indicated a significant difference in mean scores for writing performance in the posttest between the experimental group (group work in a flipped learning environment) (M = 63.95, sd = 13.04) and the control group (M = 56.65, sd = 11.15). There is also a significant difference in mean scores for critical thinking in the posttest between the experimental group (pair work in a flipped learning enviro.....

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Theory of Social Constructivism is a theory that introduced by Vygotsky's emphasis on social interactions that give the impression of a positive impact on a person's mastery of language. Arabic is an additional language in school that studied by students in Malaysia. Through the Malaysian Education Development Plan (2013 – 2025), a revision to the curriculum has been implemented where the Integrated Secondary School Curriculum has been changed to the Standard Secondary School Curriculum. In this Standard Secondary School Curriculum, Higher Order Thinking Skill is an element that needs to be given direct emphasis. This reform is a big challenge for Arabic language teachers who have been emphasizing the teaching of language knowledge more than language skills themselves. Therefore, this theory of social constructivism can be seen to be applied to apply HOTS in the teaching of Arabic language teachers more effectively. Keywords: Theory of Social Constructivism, Arabic language Teacher.....

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Teachers regularly attend assessments on students to identify students’ levels of mastery. Achievement tests as a quality measurement tool are quintessential so that the conclusions obtained are reliable and significant. Therefore, high-quality achievement tests need to satisfy specific criteria by going through standard procedures. Nonetheless, time and competency constraints lead teachers to utilise economic test questions that do not reach specific standards. Therefore, this research intended to develop and test the validity and reliability of economic achievement tests. An economic achievement test instrument was developed, consisting of 30 objective questions based on Bloom’s taxonomy. The testing of the instrument involved 40 respondents of Form Six economics students. The researchers appointed five experts to evaluate the validity of the content of the achievement test questions. At the same time, the construct validity and instrument reliability test analysis involved item-.....

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This quantitative study has four objectives to be achieved. It includes identifying teacher’s total expenditure in online shopping, products purchased, online shopping platforms and also the factors that influence online shopping. A five-point Likert scale survey form was used as the research instrument. The sample of this study consists of 319 teachers in the state of Perak selected through snowball sampling. The findings of the study show that the majority of respondents spend online with a total expenditure not exceeding RM1,000 per year and make online purchases on daily necessities such as clothing and personal appearance accessories. Lazada, Shopee and Taobao have been identified as the most widely used online shopping platforms. All independent variables were found to be significantly positive contributing to online shopping. There are some suggestions highlighted at the end of the study. Keywords: Online Shopping, Expenditure, Teachers, E-commerce...

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This study aims to analyze food expenditure among the community in Perak. There are three objectives targeted in this study including: 1) identify the level of food expenditure, 2) identify the relationship between demographic factors with food expenditure and 3) analyze the factors influencing food expenditure. This quantitative study used a set of questionnaire as an instrument to obtain the necessary information. A total of 206 respondents were involved in this study through snowball sampling. All selected respondents were heads of families living in the state of Perak. Descriptive analysis showed that the mean food expenditure was RM1,301.89. In addition, the findings of the study also showed that there was significant relationship between age and education with food expenditure. The significance value was 0.05, multiple regression analysis showed that consciousness, personal and religious factors were significantly positive while social factors were significantly negative. Media w.....

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