An improved fractional-order sliding mode control (FOSMC) for PMSM is presented in this study to set the unavoidable parameters and to improve permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) drive performance, such as current and speed tracking accuracy. To determine the optimal parameters of the FOSMC for control speed in a PMSM drive, a neural network algorithm with reinforcement learning (RLNNA) is proposed. The FOSMC parameters are set by the ANN algorithm and then adapted through reinforcement learning to enhance the results. The proposed controller using RLNNA based on fractional-order sliding mode control (RLNNA-FOSMC) can drive the motor speed to achieve the referred value in a finite period of time, leading to faster convergence and improved tracking accuracy. For a fair comparison and evaluation, the proposed RLNNA-FOSMC is compared with conventional FOSMC by applying the integral of time multiplied absolute error as an objective function. The most commonly used objective functio.....

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In a previous study, we made some new discoveries regarding the use of holograms, particularly as a substitute for classroom instructors. The appropriate hologram tutor character is an important topic to study, considering that the character design as a hologram can significantly influence student learning emotions. In addition, the character design of the hologram tutor is believed to influence the students learning experience (LX). Since hologram tutors can have a positive impact on learning sessions, their use should be maintained. However, one of the issues that will hamper the use of hologram tutors in the future is the size of the platform, which is big and challenging to handle. In fact, hologram technology can also utilize the Talking-Head application. This 3D Hologram Talking-head is more manageable due to its smaller size. However, since the 3D Hologram Talking-head only displays the characters head, the effect of using it on students learning emotions remained unclear. There.....

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Plants have always been a common source of medicaments, either in the form of traditional preparations or as pure active principles. Polyalthia belong to the Annonaceae family and are a type of evergreen trees distributed across many tropical and subtropical regions. Polyalthia stenopetala is locally used to treat rheumatic fever and diarrhea. Herein, we report the phytochemical composition and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity of Polyalthia stenopetala. Fractionation and purification of the stem bark extract of P. stenopetala led to isolation and identification of laurotetanine (1), N-methyllaurotetanine (2), reticuline (3), liriodenine (4), yangambin (5), syringaresinol (6), vanillic acid (7), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (8), cinnamic acid (9), and syringic acid (10). Structures of these ten compounds were elucidated using different spectral analyses and their comparison with previously reported data. All isolated compounds were found to inhibit AChE (inhibition of 40.2 to 80.....

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The traditional methods of teaching without any usage of technology are no longer able to attract students attention specifically during the reading lesson in the ESL classroom. This is related to the characteristics of the current students that are the generations which preferred the usage of technology during the lesson. Thus, 21st-century teaching and learning should be applied in the ESL classroom. However, teachers still need to investigate and acknowledged which technology used in the lesson is accepted or rejected by the students. This is necessary as students perceptions based on its perceived use and perceived usefulness determine the utilization of the technology used in the lesson. Hence, this study aims to find out the secondary students acceptance and attitude toward Quizziz usage in reading comprehension lessons. The objectives of this study were to examine the students level of acceptance in learning reading comprehension lessons through the usage of Quizziz and to ident.....

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Fractional order sliding mode control has been applied for speed control of PMSM. However, in many previous works, the effects of the controller's parameters have not been studied. This paper investigates the effects of fractional order on performance of FOSMC speed control of PMSM. In this work, fractional order, ? and ? of FOSMS-PID were varied, and their performances were compared. The simulation and experimental results show that variation of order of fractional order integration, ? and order of fractional order differentiation, ? can affect the performance of the FOSMC-PID controller. Selection of ? and ? values determines balancing strategies between integral and differentiation portion of the controller. Proper value selection and combination of these variables can further contribute to obtain optimum speed tracking, disturbance rejection and chattering reduction abilities. 2023, Penerbit Akademia Baru. All rights reserved...

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Flipped learning (FL) is gaining broader acceptance in geography education. This study aims to explore the remaining question concerning how the FL approach is associated with students' understanding of Geography course content. A focus group discussion (FGD) was conducted in a protocol through nine groups of students consisting of six to ten members per group. In total, eighty-eight undergraduate geography students had taken part in the discussion. Qualitative data obtained from the FGD were coded and thematically analyzed. The qualitative analysis revealed four major themes: (i) attention to learning geography, (ii) personal needs in learning geography (iii) confidence to succeed in learning geography, and (iv) satisfaction in learning geography associated with students' understanding of the course content. The results reveal that the understanding of the students of the course content was high through the application of the FL approach to teaching and learning. The finding is very s.....

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Paraphalaenopsis labukensis Shim, A. Lamb & C.L. Chan (P. labukensis) is an endangered monopodial epiphytic orchid threatened due to habitat fragmentation and overharvesting. Consequently, this research aimed to achieve in vitro propagation of P. labukensis through asymbiotic seed germination and seedling development. This study focused on identification and optimizing capsule maturity, basal media and nutrient requirements. In addition, after hand pollinating the plant, their capsules flowers, length, girth, and colour variations were recorded weekly to ascertain morphological maturity characters of this species. Murashige and Skoog (MS), Knudson C (KC), and Vaccin and Went (VW) basal media were used to determine seed vegetation at 60, 90, and 120 days. Subsequently, for the proliferation and development of protocorms, the best basal media were those supplemented with different organic additives (coconut water (CW) and banana homogenate (BH)) and plant growth regulators (PGRs). As a r.....

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Low-carbon tourism (LCT) should be promoted in the development of the tourism sector, particularly in urban tourism, associated with the issue of high carbon dioxide emissions from human transportation-related activities and environmental pollution. Unfortunately, until today, there are still no specific guidelines for developing LCT in urban areas on the implementation or assessment criteria for determining the low carbon level. In consequence, the goal of this article is to discuss low-carbon indicators and policies used in the development of urban tourism. We identified 159 low-carbon indicators through content analysis, after reviewing reliable resources from four journal articles and a government policy paper validated using qualitative methods. Some suggested strategies and policies for LCT activities, actions and cooperation from the authorities and residents in implementing LCT as a new tourism development model. The results can be used globally as a basis for the formation of .....

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This study was amid to biogenic synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) and evaluated its chemical-physical and biomedical properties. The currently used reducing agent is Polyalthia sclerophylla (CEPS). As a reducer, a crude extract of Polyalthia sclerophylla leaves (CEPS) was used, while silver nitrate (AgNO3) was used as an initiator. Two samples were prepared and named AgNPs-a and AgNPs-b, respectively. The prepared samples were carried out to characterize their biological, physical, and chemical properties. Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX) and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy were the first techniques utilised to emphasise the formulation of AgNPs (Uv-vis). The morphology and size of the particles are determined using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). AgNPs were tested for cytotoxicity against Mg-63 human cells (a type of osteosarcoma cell and its osteoblast-like cells) using the Alamar blue assay, and their antibacter.....

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Preachers are people who deliver Islamic message or speech to the communities around them. This is because the agenda of preaching has been inherent in a Muslim and preaching is also one of the duties of the previous prophets. In Malaysia, the participation of non-Malay preachers such as Indian and Chinese preachers in delivering preaching is constantly growing from time to time. Furthermore, the involvement of Indian Muslims in the arena of preaching still receives less attention in academic studies, although it is undeniable that they also play a role in developing da'wah in Malaysia. It can be seen, most academic studies focus more on aspects of converts such as the welfare of converts, the management of converts to the Indian community and others. Therefore, the objective of this study is to explore the true story of four Indian preachers in the context of their experiences before embracing Islam and their involvement in preaching. The methodology of this study is qualitative and i.....

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