An educational comic is a graphic work that creates various characters focused on scientific elements as an approach to classroom learning. This study aimed to develop comics as a geography learning module for form four students on river formation and sustainability. This study employs two approaches: questionnaires for the quantitative method and document analysis for the qualitative method. The study analyzed two key documents: geography textbooks and the Curriculum Standard Documents and Assessment (DSKP). Distributing the questionnaire allowed the expert to validate and provide feedback on the applicability of comics. The analysis uses the content validity index (CVI) to evaluate content validity, while descriptive analysis (mean, standard deviation) was used to test the applicability of comics. The study showed that the five experts’ CVI analysis of module content, teaching design, and technical requirements is high. Findings showed that the comics’ level of applicability is h.....

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The genus Lindera consists of approximately 100 species that are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas throughout the world. It is represented by widely wellknown medicinal and aromatic plants that produce essential oil. This review attempts to summarise the information on the essential oils of Lindera species together with their chemical composition and biological properties. The data and information were collected via an electronic search engine, namely: Scopus, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, PubMed, and SciFinder. A total of thirteen Lindera species have been reported for their essential oils and biological activities. Sesquiterpenes were identified as the major group components in Lindera species with the presence mainly of β-caryophyllene, as well as monoterpenes which were dominated by limonene, α-copaene, α-pinene, and 1,8-cineole. In addition, the Lindera essential oils also displayed various biological activities including anti-allergic, anti-arthritic, antiv.....

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Purpose: The study aims to enhance the original theoretical framework of tourism planning by examining how event quality (ETQ), attitude (ATT), subjective norms (SNs), perceived behavioural control (PBC) and satisfaction (SAT) influence tourists’ revisit intention (RI). In addition, it aims to explore the connections between ETQ, tourists’ SAT and revisit intenion, addressing a critical gap in the literature. Design/methodology/approach: The authors gathered data from 491 domestic tourists who attended the inaugural Guizhou ‘Beautiful Countryside’ Basketball League in Guizhou, China, in 2023. Partial least squares structural equation modelling was employed to assess both the measurement and structural models in the study. Findings/results: The results revealed significant positive direct effects of ATT, ETQ, SAT, PBC and SN on RI. Furthermore, ETQ indirectly influences RI through SAT, highlighting SAT as a key mediator in this relationship. The extended theory of planned behavi.....

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Purpose Previous research on the role and impact of the “May Fourth Movement” in Malaya has often portrayed the movement as historically inevitable, but it often lacks direct historical factual support and dialectical associations, particularly in studies related to education and intellectual trends. This article focuses on “folk school” to explore how early Chinese Intellectual dissemination “going to the underclass” within Malayan Chinese society, which was an immigrant society primarily composed of illiterate people and lacking cultural institutions and intellectual classes. It seeks to answer the question of how “enlightenment” was “possible” in early Malayan Chinese society. Main Theories or Conceptual Frameworks Not applicable. Research Design/Methods/Participants This article is a qualitative study that uses early major Chinese newspapers in Malaya, such as The Sin Kuo Min and Lat Pau, as social texts, supplemented by school special publications as supporting.....

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Sports culture among Malaysia Population still lacking and the percentage of inactive people still high and increase since year 2018. The aim of this study is to determine the level and influence of motivation towards physical activities based on gender and age groups. The researchers employed a survey design involving 7,015 respondents aged 13 years and above. Sampling selection across Malaysia was facilitated by Department of Statistic Malaysia based on block calculation and residence area from 13 states and 3 Federal Territories. The researcher employed the Multistage Cluster sampling random strategy by combining the cluster sampling procedure with stratified random sampling. A questionnaire designed by IYRES with high validity (r = 0.95) and reliability (r = .96) employed for data collection. A total of 190 trained enumerators collects the data manually. The findings of the analysis through an independent sample t‑test showed that mean score for Males (M = 31.94, SD = 10.70) and .....

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The development of rural tourism is one of the Malaysian government’s primary priorities for improving the socioeconomic and living conditions of the local community. Therefore, new ideas for assisting the rural population’s growth and economy through tourism must be explored. This article examines the application of augmented reality (AR) offline systems in improving this issue. It aims to review the planning, implementation, and effectiveness of the Interactive Digital Map (ID-MAP) as part of a rural tourism project in Pa’ Lungan, Bario, Sarawak. The study is carried out through a practical visual approach and analysed through observational, experiential and reflection approaches. The analysis elaborates on one of the main themes contained in the ID-MAP, which is linked to the famous tourist attraction of Pa’ Lungan – a megalithic rock called Batuh Ritung. The outcome was initially presented through an exhibition that applied digital information delivery using AR applicatio.....

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The preschool education major in vocational universities serves as the core platform for cultivating students who are preparing to become applied early childhood teachers in China, but currently its education is too unified and ignores the differences among students. In addition, there is a lack of a measurement instrument to understand student differences. The purpose of this study is to adapt the English version of the Keirsey Temperament Sorter II (KTS-II) into the Chinese version in order to measure and understand the  emperament types of Chinese vocational university students majoring in preschool education, so as to make it possible to conduct differentiated education based on student temperament differences. The adaptation procedure consists of three phases: (1) the scale translation phase; (2) the scale evaluation phase, including expert evaluation and target population pretesting; and (3) the scale testing phase, including initial testing and retesting. The results show that .....

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This study examined the mechanical characteristics of 3D printed concrete utilized in sculpture materials, with an emphasis on the incorporation of wood fibers. A series of experiments were conducted to probe into the wood fiber-reinforced 3D printed concrete sculpture materials. Through mechanical and microscopic examinations, the role of flexible fibers in enhancing the bearing capacity of concrete 3D printed components was investigated. The results indicated that an optimal amount of wood fiber addition significantly improved the mechanical properties of the concrete sculpture materials. At the interlayer interface, wood fibers exhibited elongation, thereby mitigating the specimen damage. However, beyond a certain threshold, the mechanical properties tended to decline due to either the agglomeration or direct dislodgment of wood fibers at the interlayer interface, which resulted in an absence of notable deformation. This scenario thereby failed to impede crack propagation. Hydrophob.....

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Traditional food is a valuable asset inherited from one generation to another. The formation of this traditional food in specific district or country is influenced by various factors such as natural environment, cultural intermingling, political boundaries and local genius. As a result, the background and characteristic of traditional food can reflect the community’s origin, culture and identity. Despite that, research on the formation of traditional food is seemingly limited, particularly in the rural area. This phenomenon is due to the lack of appreciation to the traditional food among the community especially the young generation. Thus, this study aimed to understand the formation of traditional food in Lenggong Valley based on the influence of nature and culture factors. A qualitative research design was used in this study. The data was collected through semi structured interviews, and purposive sampling technique was employed by the researchers. A total of 10 informants were inv.....

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Purpose – This study aims to examine the mediating role of government support programs in the halal cosmetics and personal care industry between local demand conditions and competitive advantage. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected from 96 companies in the cosmetics and personal care industry in Malaysia, and the analysis was conducted using the partial least squares structural equation modeling approach. Findings – The results indicate that demand conditions do not have a direct effect on competitive advantage in the halal cosmetics and personal care industry. However, government support programs, specifically regulatory and innovation programs, play a crucial mediating role between demand conditions and competitive advantage. This highlights the importance of both regulatory and innovation programs in shaping the halal market ecosystem. Practical implications – The halal industry policy should prioritize innovation and regulatory programs to ensure that nonfo.....

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