Kajian kualitatif ini dijalankan bertujuan untuk mengkaji dan meneroka serta melihat “Perkembangan Gaya Ilustrasi Komik Konvensional dan Digital di Kalangan Kartunis Malaysia. Kajian kes: kartunis iaitu Uejang, Kerangga dan Sarah Jane”. Kajian juga bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti faktor yang mempengaruhi gaya ilustrasi para kartunis yang berbeza, sebab berlakunya transformasi di dalam gaya ilustrasi serta kesan terhadap kartun ataupun komik Malaysia. Penyelidikan ini juga bertujuan untuk melihat dan menganalisis proses penghasilan komik. Metodologi kajian dimulakan dengan satu kajian keperluan yang telah dijalankan ke atas empat puluh tujuh orang pelajar kolej dalam mendapatkan kesahan dari sudut pengetahuan mengenai kartunis di Malaysia dan gaya dalam ilustrasi komik. Soal selidik dan temu bual dijalankan untuk meneroka kefahaman dan sejauh mana pengetahuan mereka. Kaedah pengumpulan data lain ialah temu bual bersama kartunis, dokumen, rakaman visual dan juga penilaian pakar. Anali.....

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This study aims to characterize the molecular and allergenic properties of tropomyosin from local mud crab Scylla species. The methodology involved quantifying reference genes and tropomyosin levels in these crabs using real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Additionally, recombinant tropomyosin gene and protein were created using recombinant DNA techniques. The reactivity of tropomyosin with IgE antibodies was assessed using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDSPAGE) and anti-tropomyosin monoclonal antibody immunoblotting. Bioinformatic tools were used to predict various characteristics such as physicochemical properties, structural composition, phylogenetic relationships, IgE-epitope regions, and docking simulations of the recombinant proteins. The findings indicated that elongation factor 1 alpha (EF1_) was a suitable normalizer for qRT-PCR in the three mud crab species studied, and a combination of three reference.....

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Kajian ini bertujuan untuk membangunkan Model Pembelajaran berasaskan Pembelajaran Koperatif (Co-In Art) bagi mata pelajaran Pendidikan Seni Visual murid Program Pendidikan Inklusif di sekolah menengah. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan Penyelidikan Reka Bentuk dan Pembangunan (PRP). Sejajarnya, kajian ini dijalankan dalam tiga fasa. Fasa pertama adalah fasa analisis keperluan. Fasa ini menggunakan kaedah temu bual yang melibatkan seramai lima orang responden yang terdiri daripada tiga orang guru Pendidikan Seni Visual dan dua orang pensyarah Institut Pendidikan Guru untuk memantau keperluan pembangunan model Co-In Art. Dapatan fasa ini mengesahkan terdapat keperluan terhadap pembangunan model Co- In Art. Dapatan temu bual dan tinjauan literatur digunakan dalam fasa pembangunan komponen reka bentuk model Co-In Art di Fasa kedua. Fasa kedua ialah fasa reka bentuk dan pembangunan model. Dalam fasa reka bentuk kajian melibatkan seramai 16 orang pakar dengan menggunakan teknik Fuzzy Delphi.....

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This study aimed to develop a cash transfer-based entrepreneurship (CTBE) model for the B40 community using household living aid. To achieve the research objective, a mixed-method design was chosen and the Input-Output Model and Entrepreneurial Success Components Theory were used. The study's first phase involved a qualitative approach to explore the phenomenon associated with household living aid and entrepreneurship. The qualitative research was conducted through in-depth interviews with 10 B40 microentrepreneurs selected using a purposive sampling technique. From this initial exploration, qualitative findings were used to develop a quantitative feature that was tested with a large sample. The qualitative study results showed that B40 entrepreneurs believed that household living aid could be used for entrepreneurship, and 13 essential elements in the CTBE model were discovered. Subsequently, a quantitative research based on a sample survey was conducted on 190 B40 entrepreneurs using.....

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Internet of Vehicles (IoV) technology has been rapidly advancing, making intelligent transportation systems the future trend. This research revolves around building efficient and secure vehicular networks using data processing mechanisms backed by machine learning and information security. However, noise and incremental data present challenges to vehicular network development. This study proposes two novel federated learning frameworks, namely the Outlier Detection and Exponential Smoothing Federated Learning (OES-FED) and Federated Learning Framework Based on Incremental Weighting and Diversity Selection for IoV (FED-IW&DS), to overcome the above problems. The OES-FED framework leveraged anomaly detection and exponential smoothing to filter noise data, thus, improving model robustness and enhancing communication efficiency. In terms of accuracy, it outperformed the existing Federated Learning-Average (FED-AVG) and FED-SGD models on three datasets by 44.46% and 2.36%, respectively. Fur.....

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This review provides a comprehensive literature search on the occurrence of cyanobacteria blooms and microcystins contamination in drinking water sources, potential human exposure, mitigation, and the associated challenges. A total of 49 relevant studies indicate that cyanobacterial blooms are commonly reported on six continents, including Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Europe, and Australia. Overall, cyanobacterial biomass reported in these reviewed studies falls within the classifcation of Alert Level 2, which is indicated by chlorophyll-a concentrations exceeded 12 μg/L. Moreover, the published data also revealed that 59% of the reported microcystins concentrations exceeded the WHO guideline value for safe lifetime consumption of 1 μg/L. These potential human exposures to cyanobacteria and microcystins are based on the concentrations reported in raw drinking water sources, as a lack of studies have emphasized the detection of microcystins in the treated drinking water.....

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Biodiesel has gained tremendous attention from researchers due to its environmentally friendly and renewable fuel manufactured domestically from vegetable oils or animal fats. Multiple factors, including emission and fuel efficiency, measure the performance of biodiesel. These characteristics make the process of evaluation and benchmarking a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem. This research attempts to survey the literature for multi-criteria decision-making applications on biodiesel. This systematic review was carried out on four scientific databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, IEEE Xplore, and WoS. The collected articles were summarized and mapped into a coherent taxonomy, while the main challenges, motivations, and recommendations were collected and categorized for better understanding and finding out essential characteristics. The final set of included articles was 33, and they were categorized into six different categories. Most articles (n=15/33) investigated the evaluatio.....

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Purpose: Recognizing economic literacy as a vital form of intellectual capital provides essential tools to mitigate the adverse impact of risk factors on business organizations' performance. This recognition serves as a strong rationale for prioritizing economic literacy as a strategic asset in navigating the complexities of risk factors for sustained organizational performance. To bridge this gap, this study examines the role of risk factors in the economic literacy of an organization and how they affect organizational performance. Design/methodology/approach: This exploratory study employed a qualitative research method, utilizing a systematic review with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach to identify gaps. A comprehensive search across databases was conducted using keywords related to risks, economic literacy and organizational performance. In total, 32 articles were meticulously analyzed, focusing on methodology, results and dis.....

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Background. The rise in cardiovascular diseases has necessitated implementing effective interventions to improve cardiorespiratory endurance. Objectives. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of interval training (IT), particulary high-intensity interval training (HIIT), in enhancing cardiorespiratory endurance across various demographics. IT, characterized by high-intensity exercise followed by recovery periods, has gained attention for its potential to improve key cardiovascular markers such as VO2max and cardiovascular efficiency. Materials and methods. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using multiple databases, adhering to the PRISMA guidelines. From 893 initially screened articles, eight studies met the inclusion criteria. These studies examined the effects of IT, especially HIIT, on cardiorespiratory endurance across various population groups, including sedentary individuals, athletes, and older adults. Metrics such as VO2max and cardiovascular .....

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Over the past decades, the amount of waste has dramatically increased worldwide due to rapid population growth and urbanization. Inefficient waste collection and transportation, known as the waste collection vehicle routing problem (WCVRP), negatively impacts economic, environmental, and social dimensions. This issue has drawn considerable attention from local and national governments. There is an urgent need for sustainable practices in waste collection and transportation. This paper conducts an exhaustive literature review on the WCVRP. The review covers various aspects, including waste types, common model characteristics, objective functions, solution methods, datasets and case studies. The analysis indicates a need for further research on underrepresented waste types, such as medical waste (MW). It also stresses the importance of incorporating more model characteristics to better capture the complexities of real-world scenarios. Moreover, there is a lack of multiple objectives opti.....

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