Virtual environments and digital games are being increasingly used as educational tools in current education settings. For the past few decades there were tremendous amount of studies involving digital game based learning (DGBL) in many subject matters to identify best design approach to increase its effectiveness. DGBL have been expanded in several ways by referring to digital entertainment games such as in using avatar which would assist the students to revise and learn on their own. Usage of avatars as an educator in the virtual learning environment is increasing as its importance increases where interactivity, learner engagement, cultural factors, communication, embodiment and motivation are crucial design considerations in a virtual learning environment. Nevertheless, question arises as what type of avatar whould be preferred by the learners in DGBL. There were dearth studies conducted on how the realism level of an avatar in DGBL would influence the emotions of a learner since re.....

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This research was aimed to analyse students’ emotions caused by the character’s realism design in the dimension of arousal and its’ effect on emotions in learning. Thus, 2D female virtual agents with four different realism appearance namely realistic, semi-realistic, stylized and cartoon-like were designed and developed. Thus, quasi experimental design was used to answer the research questions derived from this study. The data obtained from the experiment was analysed using ANOVA, post hoc and bootstrap mediation analysis. A number of 600 Electrical Engineering students were chosen from seven polytechnics in Malaysia as respondents in the experiment. From the research it was found that cartoon-like design obtained the lowest mean score arousal followed by stylized, realistic and semi-realistic designs. However, cartoon-like design scored highest mean score for emotions in learning followed by semi-realistic, realistic and stylized designs. Therefore, cartoon-like agent is the bes.....

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Augmented Reality (AR) is one of the latest technology that has grown significantly due to its effectiveness in various fields includein education field. AR can be defined as a technology where virtual object can be overlaid into real environment in real time. AR can serve as an effective tool to ensure the learning process more attractive and engage the student.However, previous studies on AR have not provided an in-depth investigation of the learning process, especially the interaction involved in student while they use an AR. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the student interaction and their performance in subject content, and their relationship between them while using AR. A quantitative research design was employed with 34 grade 5 elementary school students as respondents. The results of the content analysis towards student interaction with the AR demonstrates that turning the AR markers, inspecting the AR elements and commenting on the AR elements are recorded as the high.....

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The main aim of this study is to obtain the validity and reliability of psychological characteristics questionnaire in Malaysian male talented football players aged 13 to 14 years old. Nine sub attributes are used to measure the attributes of psychological characteristics, which are anxiety control, mental preparation, team orientation, concentration, self-confidence, motivation, coping with adversity, peaking under pressure and coach ability. A total of 120 male football players aged 13 to 14 who underwent training under the Malaysia National Football Development Program were selected as study samples. Pearson correlation analysis were used to obtain validity of field experts. Cronbach’s alpha analysis were used to obtain reliability coefficient of the psychological characteristics questionnaire. Factor analysis was used to obtain the construct validity of the questionnaire items. The factor analysis results showed 50 questionnaire items are valid from the overall 79 items construct.....

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Background: Physical fitness has a strong relationship with health and academic achievement. This study aims to identify the health-related physical fitness level among Form Six Sports Science students in the State of Kedah by gender. Methods: 225 students (107 male and 118 female) were purposively selected to participate in this descriptive study. This study was conducted using the Prudential FITNESSGRAM® test battery instrument, which introduced by Cooper Institute for Aerobics Research, (1992). Researchers determine the physical fitness level of the subjects using five test items: cardiovascular endurance, muscle endurance, muscle strength, flexibility, and body mass index (BMI). Results: The findings use descriptive statistical analysis to identify the physical fitness level based on health components using the norms developed by Elumalai et al. (2019). The overall fitness analysis showed that almost 50% of boys and girls were in the range of a good level. Around 20% were in the.....

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Tujuan  kajian  ini  untuk  menganalisis  ciri-ciri  perwatakan  wanita  Melayu Islam dari perspektif feminisme Barat dan Islam. Objektif kajian adalah untuk menganalisis  perwatakan wanita Melayu Islam berasaskan Konsep Feminisme Talbiah,  mengaplikasikan  Konsep   Feminisme  Talbiah  terhadap  karya-karya prosa  Aminah  Mokhtar  dan  membangunkan  kerangka   konsep  Feminisme Talbiah  berasaskan  model  Elaine  Showalter  dan  Yusuf  al-Qardhawi.  Kajian  ini  menggunakan  reka  bentuk  kajian  kepustakaan  dan  analisis  dokumen. Pengkaji telah  menggunakan empat elemen ginokritikan oleh Elaine Showalter dan enam elemen kedudukan wanita dalam  Islam menurut Yusuf al-Qardhawi. Elemen-elemen ini digunakan untuk membentuk Konsep Feminisme  Talbiah. Dapatan  kajian  mendapati  ginokritikan  mempunyai  kelompangan,  iaitu  tidak  bersandarkan  kepada  pegangan  Tauhid  dan  bertentangan  dengan  perwatakan wanita  Melay.....

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An experiment was carried out to determine the synergistic effects of biochar and peat moss on growth and soil-plant interaction of choy sam. It was implemented at the Soil Science Laboratory, Sultan Idris Education University. The plants were treated with different amount of biochar (0g and 20g) and peat moss (0g and 20g). Parameters of the sample such as root and shoot length, plant biomass, soil pH and soil moisture content were analysed after 44 days of transplanting. Total of experimental units were 20 pots. The experimental design used in this experiment was Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD). Data were analysed by using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) (SAS University Edition) and means were compared using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) with significance level (P ). Results in the experiment showed that soil amendment with biochar and peat moss applications did not affect any growth parameter studied such as root and shoot length, plant biomass, soil pH and soil moisture.....

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Water quality plays a major role in influencing the health of aquatic organisms and their interactions with parasites and disease. Pollutants that enter the aquatic environment, such as heavy metals, can potentially alter the relationships between hosts and their parasites and as a consequence influence the completion of parasites life cycles. Here, the influence of the heavy metal pollutant zinc on a life cycles stages of the cestode Schistocephalus solidus is investigated. In vitro culture of the parasite allowed the production of eggs, which were then incubated in a range of zinc concentrations (0.2 µg/L, 2 µg/L, 20 µg/L and 200 µg/L). The effect of zinc on S. solidus egg viability, on the survival of emerging free-living, motile infective stages (coracidia) and on the subsequent development or growth of the parasite in copepod hosts was then quantified. The development and hatching success of S. solidus eggs developed normally in elevated zinc concentrations up to 0.2 µg/L but.....

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Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh budaya dan iklim sekolah terhadap keberkesanan sekolah pada Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) di Bekasi. Reka bentuk kajian dengan menggunakan kaedah tinjauan manakala pengumpulan data menggunakan soal selidik. Soal selidik diubahsuai dari pelbagai sumber yang disesuaikan dengan reka bentuk, sampel dan objektif kajian. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan inferen. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa tahap budaya sekolah (min: 119, SD: 22), iklim sekolah (min: 146, SD: 33) dan keberkesanan sekolah (min: 149, SD: 22) berada pada tahap tinggi. Seterusnya terdapat perbezaan budaya sekolah, iklim sekolah dan keberkesanan sekolah berdasarkan latar belakang guru. Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara iklim sekolah terhadap keberkesanan sekolah (β: .42, P≤.05) dan terdapat juga pengaruh yang signifikan antara budaya sekolah terhadap keberkesanan sekolah (β: .39, P≤.05). Kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa keberkesa.....

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The paper aimed to examine the stock returns performance around sectors redefinition by Bursa Malaysia and how its impact on shareholders' return. The study uses a standard of event study methodology on three listed companies which previously under the sector of trading and services, and now they are classified under utilities (TNB), telecommunications and media (Maxis) and consumer products and services (Genting). From the analysis, main finding shows that shareholders' return experienced a loss by 10% during the period of 31 days. When an event study analysis was extended to different event windows, negative CARs were observed with all values were insignificant. The results suggest that the shareholders returns were influenced by information release, however, the probability of leak information before an official announcement could dedicate to the result.  ..

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