Problems in the subject of History are always discussed at various levels. Issues such as a lack of interest in the subject of History, feelings of stress, the need to memorize a multitude of facts, as well as issues regarding traditional teaching methods, textbooks, classroom management, innovation, and teaching aids, are also extensively debated. These problems have triggered numerous reactions and solutions from multiple parties, each with its approach to solving them. Thus, this article aims to assist the subject of History by providing an alternative solution in the field of intervention as one of the systematic methods of teaching History. Hence, the objectives of this study were to explore the use of the Ehsond Intervention in providing motivation and to explore the impacts of using the Ehsond Intervention on the subject of History. This study involved three informants who had been selected in a focused manner as study samples by employing a qualitative method with a case study .....

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This study aims to enhance the targeted delivery of a powerful antioxidant, ferulate (FA), by developing a controlled release formulation (CRF) based on the incorporation of layered double hydroxide and Tween-80 polymeric surfactant. The layered double hydroxide-ferulate (LDH-FA) synthesized by co-precipitation method was homogenously mixed with the Tween-80 coater under continuous stirring. The successful Tween-80 coating was verified with PXRD analysis and supported by FTIR. No changes in interlayer distance between LDH-FA (at 17.4 and 8.7 A) and LDH-FA-T80 (at 17.6 and 8.6 A) were observed in the PXRD pattern. TGA/DTG analysis demonstrated good thermal stability of LDH-FA-T80, with the ability to withstand extreme temperatures up to 460 _C. The association of Tween-80 with LDH-FA progressively sustained the release time of FA in each aqueous solution, with a release time of up to 440 min. For both LDH-FA and LDH-FA-T80, the release of FA is through dissolution and anion exchange rel.....

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The adoption of virtual reality (VR) in architectural design is increasing, driven by its ability to create immersive simulated environments. This is particularly advantageous in residential space design, where understanding and evaluating solutions is critical. Although extensive research has focused on basic VR applications, few have explored VR modules tailored for residential design. Our study fills this gap by developing a VR module designed specifically for this purpose. We use a mixed-methods approach, blending quantitative analysis with qualitative feedback, to demonstrate how this VR module can improve design quality, efficiency, and user engagement. © 2024 Hua Zhu et al...

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Knema furfuracea Warb., a tree species belonging to the family Myristicaceae and indigenous to Southeast Asia, has been traditionally used by the Dai people for the treatment of inflammation and other illnesses. This work investigates the chemical composition of the essential oil of K. furfuracea, antityrosinase activity, and molecular docking studies. The essential oil was obtained through hydrodistillation and characterised through gas chromatography (GC/FID) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/ MS). The anti-tyrosinase activity was determined using mushroom tyrosinase enzyme. The major components of the essential oil were studied for their potential interactions with tyrosinase using Autodock vina. A total of thirty-one components (96.0%) were identified from the leaf oil and composed mainly of bicyclogermacrene (23.1%), δ-cadinene (17.2%), (E,E)-α-farnesene (9.1%), and β-caryophyllene (7.7%). The essential oil demonstrated moderate activity towards tyrosinase with an IC.....

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Phytochemical investigation of the leaves of Knema intermedia has led to the isolation of a new furofuran lignan, intermedianin 1 together with five known lignans, α-cubebin 2, β-cubebin 3, bicubebin A 4, bicubebin B 5, and bicubebin C 6. The characterisation and structural elucidation of the isolated compounds were established by extensive spectroscopic data analysis and comparison with literature data. The antifungal activity was tested using the broth microdilution assay, whereas the microbial biofilms were determined using a semi-quantitative static biofilm. Compound 1 exhibited activity against C. albicans, C. lusitanae, and C. auris, (each with MIC/MFC value 250 µg/mL) and increased the biofilm of C. auris (64.07 ± 3.83%) and Candida lusitanae (62.90 ± 3.41%) when treated with 500 µg/mL. © 2024 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group...

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Essential oils, a volatile mixture derived from plants, have shown a wide biological activity, and have been used as ancient remedies for the treatment of various diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate the chemical composition and cytotoxicity of the essential oil obtained from Garcinia urophylla leaves collected from Malaysia. Eighteen components were identified using gas chromatography-flame ionisation detection (GC-FID) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS), which represent 99.9% of the essential oil. The major components were β-caryophyllene (56.2%), α-humulene (26.3%), and α-gurjunene (6.3%). The cytotoxicity of essential oil was evaluated using an MTT assay. The essential oil exhibited cytotoxicity against three cancer cell lines which are HepG2, MCF7, and A549 with the IC50 values of 71.5, 56.2, and 68.5 μg/ mL, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the essential oil composition obtained from Garcinia urophylla, .....

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This study aimed to explore the visual perception of Shandong University (SDU) campus and its implications for campus planning and design. Through qualitative interviews with students, faculty, and staff, the study identified the strengths and weaknesses of the visual appeal of the campus. The findings revealed that the presence of natural elements, well-designed architectural features, and the maintenance of outdoor areas were key factors in enhancing the visual perception of the campus. The study also discussed the implications of these findings for improving the visual perception of the SDU campus, including the creation of more green spaces, incorporation of well-designed architectural elements, and regular maintenance of outdoor areas. The study concluded by highlighting the need for further research to deepen our understanding of this topic and improve the visual appeal of campus landscapes. Overall, this study contributes to the broader understanding of visual perception in camp.....

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Young adults with enough financial knowledge can commonly make good financial decisions, whereas those who lack financial literacy are always burdened by student loans and credit card debts. Acquiring adequate financial knowledge has become crucial among young adults. The present study investigated the effectiveness of incorporating financial literacy into videos among high school students. The video clips were incorporated into financial literacy in the economics curriculum to engage students and facilitate their learning of financial literacy. This study employed the mixed-methods explanatory design. The data analysis procedures in this design involved collecting the quantitative data, analyzing the data, and using the data to guide the follow-up interviews. A total of 327 students participated in this study. The results showed a significant change in students’ behavior regarding financial literacy (F=271.847, p..

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This article aims to analyse the importance of a field study of the Bujang Valley archaeological site in Kedah among students in the context of reinforcing heritage education. This study involved 400 university students who were randomly selected. A questionnaire instrument was used to elicit feedback, including the respondents' background, knowledge about Bujang Valley, knowledge about a guided tour of the exhibition gallery, knowledge about a guided tour of the archaeological site, knowledge about a demonstration technique and an archaeological excavation method, and knowledge about a field study of the archaeological site. The findings indicate that conducting the field study via activities during the guided tour of the exhibition galleries at the Bujang Valley Archaeological Museum (MALB) and the Hindu-Buddhist temple site is highly effective in enhancing heritage education. Indeed, it was able to impart knowledge about the significance of Bujang Valley to students enrolled in high.....

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Calixarenes, being well-known macrocyclic structures, have attracted considerable interest in the field of nanosensors due to their diverse advantages. 4-Aminobenzoic acid (PABA) was aimed to be detected by both calix[4]arene (C4) and calix[6]arene (C6) in this host-guest investigation. This study investigated the development of C4-PABA and C6-PABA complexes using the Langmuir–Schaefer (LS) method and first-principles density functional theory (DFT). All of the LS films formed were characterised by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen elemental analyser (CHNS), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Additionally, this work applied DFT to compute the binding energy and band gap. Morphological and elemental analysis based on the conducted characterisations indicated the incorporation of PABA via lower rims into both C4 and C6. The computed binding en.....

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