Kajian ini merupakan inovasi terhadap konsep persembahan aria Cleopatra dalam opera Giulio Cesare karya George Friederic Handel. Konsep ornamentasi restyle dibangunkan dengan pendekatan rekayasa, simbiotik dan penaakulan terhadap ornamentasi muzik klasikal barat dan Melayu asli. Ornamentasi restyle direalisasikan secara aktualisasi persembahan dan dinotasikan sebagai penyusunan semula dimana berlakunya pemindahan sifat (gen) ornamentasi budaya lagu Melayu asli kepada sifat (gen) ornamentasi budaya klasikal barat dalam menghasilkan persembahan nyanyian yang ekspresif, kreatif dan inovatif. Kajian persembahan menjurus kepada metod kajian practice-led dimana potensi sifat asal practice diperkembangkan kepada pengetahuan baru dengan mengambil kira kepentingan operasional terhadap kelangsungan practice yang dibincangkan dalam kaedah proses kreatif. Proses kreatif berlaku kepada dua bahagian iaitu proses kreatif kritis dan dan proses kreatif intuitif. Proses kreatif kritis meruju.....

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This study examines the vocal art in the Javanese adaption of the Ramayana, Serat Rama, authored by the 18th-century Central Javanese poet Raden Ngabehi Yasadipura. Employing Paul Ricoeur's hermeneutical approach, it explores the meaning and content of the work, including its musical elements. Analysis involved repeated readings and interpretations of the text at the word, sentence, and overall content levels. The findings of this study indicate that Serat Rama incorporates musical art through the inclusion of Javanese songs, specifically the macapat style. Out of the 11 types of macapat songs, nine are represented in Serat Rama: Maskumambang, Mijil, Sinom, Kinanthi, Asmaradana, Megatruh, Dhandanggula, Durma, and Pangkur. This study concludes that in Serat Rama, there are two educational elements: culturally insightful education and harmony education. The former is reflected in the carefully selected words forming song verses that communicate cultural insights. The latter is evident in.....

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This thesis conducts an ethnographic study exploring the evolution of the Xiangxi Miao Drum Dance (XMDD), an intangible cultural heritage (ICH) of the Miao ethnic group in China, from its religious origins to modern-day entertainment. The study aims to investigate the driving forces behind this transformation by comparing historical and contemporary XMDD performances, including their objectives, content, venues, and methodologies. Drawing on social anthropology literature, the research delves into the cultural ecology and historical context shaping the development of XMDD. Employing ethnographic methods and concepts from motivational psychology, the study analyses XMDD's contemporary status as popular entertainment posts its recognition as an intangible cultural heritage in 2006. Psychological factors influencing this transformation are examined through extensive fieldwork and a thorough literature review among XMDD performers and choreographers. The research culminates in t.....

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Malaysia has one of the most comprehensive Chinese language education systems outside China. Both Malaysia and China place great importance on music education to cultivate national pride and identity among students. However, students' preference for popular music often leads to decreased interest in conventional music education in the classroom. Moreover, some argue that the lyrics of popular songs can negatively influence students' values. This study explores and compares the views of music teachers in Zhengzhou, China, and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, regarding the impact of popular music on student learning in school and their strategies for addressing potential challenges it presents in the classroom. While the 12 teachers interviewed agreed on the potential of popular music to engage students, they also acknowledged its drawbacks. Differences in their viewpoints are attributed to factors such as experience, school support, curriculum goals, individual backgrounds, and teaching abilitie.....

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Soundscapes of piercing gangsa (flat gong) rhythmic patterns, political speeches blared on loudspeakers, and call-and-response chants that envelop renditions of traditional celebratory dances characterise street protests led by Igorot left-wing activists. Upholding militant activism as foundational to Igorot identity, these spectacular displays signify an Igorot sense of value for collectivism, sovereignty, and territorial defense, echoing long-established practices that have sounded community resistance to corporate aggression since the 1970s. Despite this history, many Igorots reject the practice. Performances by leftist Igorots in 2017 aggravated internal debates about politicising Igorot identity. This troubled many Igorot activists, particularly an elder who, since his teenage years, had witnessed Igorots confront corporate intrusion into their ancestral lands through deployments of traditional practices. In an existential crisis, he distanced himself from the normative “noiseâ€.....

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Topic theory in musicology examines how musical elements and structures convey emotions or topics in music. Despite its potential to provide a framework for understanding musical expression, topic theory has rarely been applied to piano pedagogy. This study aimed to explore participants’ perceptions of Raymond Monelle’s topic theory, specifically the hunt, military, and pastoral topics, in piano interpretation and teaching. Participants included six music lecturers from Chinese universities and nine university music students from Bulgaria, China, France, Germany, and the United States. Data was collected through a listening survey and semi-structured interviews and analysed using thematic analysis. The listening survey used excerpts from Dussek’s La Chasse, C.146, Beethoven’s Piano Sonata in A Major, Op. 101, Second Movement, and Liszt’s Années de Pèlerinage, Première année - Suisse, No. 3, Pastorale. The results showed that more than half of the participants matched the .....

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This article examines the role of the Kajarī festival and folk songs in the socio-cultural lives of rural women in Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh, India. It explores how the festival provides a unique space for rural women to assert their autonomy within a patriarchal society. Through ethnographic fieldwork, including the documentation of rituals, folk songs, and cultural activities, this study analyses the Kajarī festival as a place-making process. It argues that women use the performative space of Kajarī songs to express themselves and their experiences using strategies rooted in their traditions and rituals. The paper concludes that the Kajarī festival and its songs function as a critical outlet for emotional expression, social interaction, and self-expression, offering women a form of agency within their rural context. Keywords: Kajarī festival, place-making, Ratjagā, rural women, self-expression..

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This study aims to determine the competencies essential for elementary music teachers by exploring effective practices and insights of experts in music education. Using a three-round Delphi method with twelve music education experts, the study collected and refined competencies across three stages. In Round 1, qualitative data were thematically analysed to identify competency domains. In Round 2, participants ranked these domains and competencies by importance, with agreement levels assessed using Kendall’s W. Round 3 sought consensus by allowing participants to review collective rankings and explanations. Results revealed seven key domains, with musical skills emerging as the most essential, with the ability to play an instrument being the most important competency. Keywords: competencies, Delphi, elementary teachers, music education, musical skills..

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Choir singing originated from the choir of Christian churches in medieval Europe and first appeared in the 1st century. However, the focus of choir education had long been on musical knowledge, neglecting the cultivation of practical skills, resulting in variations in skill performance. In the 21st century, choir singing flourished, particularly in Chinese universities. Aligned with modern educational trends, choir singing aimed to foster students' 4C skills: critical thinking, creativity, communication, and collaboration. Music educators gradually emphasized skill development, recognizing it as essential for students' future lives and careers. Nevertheless, the cultivation of these 4C skills remained at a preliminary stage, with varying understandings of skills across different universities leading to differing skill levels among choir ensemble students. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the disparities in the development of 4C skills among choir ensemble students from divers.....

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This article concerns Alberti's approach to architectural design integrates Pythagorean consonance ratios from music theory, not by direct application but as a conceptual guide for aesthetic ratios in buildings. He expands spatial dimensions using methods derived from past artisans, adhering to and building upon the foundational consonance ratios. While applying these two-number proportions to width and length poses no problem, calculating height in a three-dimensional space requires a three-number proportion. Alberti resolves this issue by adopting the mean value strategy from music theory, where the mean is typically the middle value in an octave ratio, to determine the height in the spatial configuration. Alberti advocates for architects to leverage the insights of skilled artisans. However, his own architectural work demonstrates deviations from his theoretical principles. This study highlights Alberti's application of musical intervals such as the major and minor thirds, sixths, a.....

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