The trichome of 12 species from five genera of the Lamiaceae family, comprising Petraeovitex bambusetorum, Petraeovitex membranacea, Petraeovitex wolfei, Petraeovitex scortechinii, Petraeovitex trifoliata, Peronema canescens, Congea forbesii, Congea griffithiana, Sphenodesme racemosa, Sphenodesme triflora, Sphenodesme pentandra, and Rotheca serrata was investigated under scanning electron microscope (SEM). This study aimed to assess their ultrastructure and ascertain their respective taxonomic value accordingly. Two types of glandular trichomes, specifically peltate and capitate, and three types of non-glandular trichomes, namely, multicellular uniseriate, stellate, and conical were thus observed. The stellate type of non-glandular trichome was solely found in S. pentandra among the 12 studied species, while the data further demonstrated both Congea species to reflect the multicellular uniseriate structure on the respective leaf surfaces, whereas C. forbesii depicted the longest length.....

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Mahanimbine, a prenylated carbazole found primarily in the Rutaceae family, has remarkable biological features such as anticancer, antidiabetic and antioxidant. Therefore, it is intriguing to tweak the mahanimbine structure with the aim of adding extra value to their activity. Three new derivatives were semi-synthesised by N-alkylation of naturally isolated mahanimbine using alkyl bromides, yielding N-butylmahanimbine, N-(3-methylbutyl) mahanimbine, and N-benzylmahanimbine. The structures of N-alkylated mahanimbines were elucidated using different spectroscopic techniques (FTIR, GCMS, and NMR). Keywords: mahanimbine, alkylation, N-terminal, derivative, Murraya..

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This study aimed to explore the management, implementation, teaching materials, and evaluation process of digital inquiry-based science learning in rural primary school. An action research approach using qualitative methods was employed, based on the circle of action and reflection framework. The participants for this study were 8 Year 4 pupils (10-11 years old) from a rural primary school in Melaka selected using purposive sampling. The study comprised three phases: (a) clarifying the initial understanding of primary pupils regarding plant growth and photosynthesis, (b) conducting two action research cycles of digital inquiry-based science learning using the BSCS 5E Instructional model, and (c) analysing the data to address the research questions. Data were collected through interviews, reflection logs, teaching verbatim, pupils’ work and document analysis. The findings of the study revealed several key points. Firstly, in managing digital inquiry-based science learning i.....

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This article aims to deliver updates on the pharmacological activities of Globimetula and Scurrula species and their usage as ethnomedicine worldwide. About 13 species of Globimetula and 10 species of Scurrula are spread in Africa and Asia respectively. There is a need to establish the pharmacological properties of the plant extracts and isolated compounds from these species. Research on the biological activities of Globimetula and Scurrula species showed considerable disease-related enzyme (tyrosinase) inhibition as well as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticonvulsant, central nervous system depressant, and cytotoxic activities. This review also affords important information for the future growth of isolated compounds from Globimetula and Scurrula species. Keywords: Loranthaceae, phytochemicals, alkaloids, triterpenes, flavonoids..

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Chassalia curviflora Thwaites is a flowering plant from Rubiaceae family. Previous phytochemical investigations on Chassalia species led to the isolation of benzoic acid, benzoquinone derivatives, flavonoids, monoterpenoid, indole alkaloids and its essential oil composition. However, these are still scarce in terms of scientific reports on the studied species. This study was carried out to investigate the fast screening of secondary metabolites by using data-dependent acquisition (DDA) LC-MS/MS analysis of methanolic extract of the leaves of C. curviflora in positive ionization mode. The data were analysed using the computational mass spectrometry method from the molecular structure database search implemented in Sirius. This led to the discovering of 13 known secondary metabolites from distinct tandem MS data. De novo molecular formula annotation and predictions from SIRIUS suggested five major class compounds classified as coumarins, benzofuran, fatty acids, esters, and triterpenes. .....

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The study aimed to identify the obstacles to the application of e-training in training centers in the Sultanate of Oman from the point of view of trainers, trainers’ assistants, and training specialists. The study employed a quantitative descriptive method, in which a questionnaire comprising 36 items across various fields of study was used, after confirming the authenticity of the performance through the consensus of 80% of the referees and validating it using the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, this questionnaire was applied to the study sample, which consisted of 174 individuals (males N= 80 and Females N=94) in the academic year 2021-2022. The key findings of the study revealed that the degree of obstacles to the application of etraining in training centers, from the perspective of the study sample, was high, with an overall percentage of (70%). Regarding the types of obstacles, material obstacles ranked first with a percentage of (78.4%), followed by technical obsta.....

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The prevalence of HIV/AIDS remains a significant global health concern, including in Malaysia. In this study, a mathematical model was developed to simulate the dynamics of HIV transmission and progression within the Malaysian population. The model incorporates various factors such as population size, infection rate, progression to AIDS, recruitment, natural death, and death due to the disease. Heun's predictor-corrector method was applied to numerically solve the model equations and predict the population of susceptible individuals, infected individuals, and AIDS cases over time. Real-world data on HIV/AIDS cases in Malaysia were used to validate the model and provide accurate predictions. The results indicated a gradual decline in the number of susceptible individuals and an increase in the number of infected individuals and AIDS cases over the simulation period. These findings can contribute to a better understanding of the dynamics of HIV/AIDS transmission in Malaysia and aid in th.....

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This research project investigated the formation of the architectural heritage identity in Damascus within the context of globalization by analyzing the architectural principles of Damascus's prevailing architecture in the contemporary era. The research aims to identify the impact of globalization on the formation of heritage identity in terms of design and characteristics, influence on social lifestyle and architectural aesthetics on space and environment. The key elements in the research project consist of design and features, social lifestyle, space and environment. The main artists involved in this research are Nazem Al- Jaafari, Mamdouh Qashlan, Abdelkader Al Rayes, Fahd Khalif, Mohamed Salmi, Fadel Abbas Al-Daami, Mohamed Sabry, John Sloan and Pham Xuan Trung. Work references of art addressed the architectural heritage from several aspects, such as the elements of heritage architecture, the social lifestyle within the heritage and the relationship of the architecture of.....

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This study aimed to explore the challenges of Malaysian firefighters, the impact of the challenges, and to understand the coping strategies. The study adopted a qualitative research method through semi-structured interviews with 23 firefighters in the central region of Malaysia, consisting of 8 supervisors and 15 subordinates. Findings suggest that two superordinate themes emerged relating to challenges, workplace challenges and personal challenges, which are aligned with the affective experience as explained through AET. The challenges impact the firefighters psychologically, which is aligned with the affective reaction as explained by the AET but further divided into mental and physiological, emotional as well as behavioural and psychosocial impacts. The findings also suggest the coping strategies were derived based on emotion-focused coping, problem-focused coping, and serving both emotion-focused and problem-focused, reflected through social support. By uncovering the th.....

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Kajian ini bertujuan untuk membangunkan sebuah modul gamifikasi fizik (P-GIM) bagi topik Haba, Hukum Gas dan Termodinamik serta pengujian keberkesanannya terhadap pencapaian pelajar matrikulasi. Kajian ini menggunakan Pendekatan Reka Bentuk dan Pembangunan (PRP) yang mengandungi tiga fasa iaitu; (i) analisis keperluan, (ii) reka bentuk dan pembangunan, dan (iii) penilaian. Kajian tinjauan telah dilaksanakan bagi mendapatkan maklum balas pelajar dan pensyarah terhadap keperluan pembangunan modul. Seterusnya, bagi fasa reka bentuk dan pembangunan modul, kesepakatan bagi 11 orang pakar telah ditentukan menggunakan kaedah Fuzzy Delphi bagi mendapatkan maklum balas terhadap elemen-elemen dan isi kandungan yang sesuai dimasukkan dalam modul yang ingin dibangunkan. Kaedah kuasi eksperimen telah digunakan pada fasa ketiga kajian bagi melihat keberkesanan modul terhadap pencapaian pelajar. Seramai 52 orang pelajar telah terlibat sebagai kumpulan kawalan dan 52 orang pelajar lagi seba.....

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