Essential oils, a volatile mixture derived from plants, have shown a wide biological activity, and have been used as ancient remedies for the treatment of various diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate the chemical composition and cytotoxicity of the essential oil obtained from Garcinia urophylla leaves collected from Malaysia. Eighteen components were identified using gas chromatography-flame ionisation detection (GC-FID) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS), which represent 99.9% of the essential oil. The major components were β-caryophyllene (56.2%), α-humulene (26.3%), and α-gurjunene (6.3%). The cytotoxicity of essential oil was evaluated using an MTT assay. The essential oil exhibited cytotoxicity against three cancer cell lines which are HepG2, MCF7, and A549 with the IC50 values of 71.5, 56.2, and 68.5 μg/ mL, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the essential oil composition obtained from Garcinia urophylla, .....

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This study aimed to explore the visual perception of Shandong University (SDU) campus and its implications for campus planning and design. Through qualitative interviews with students, faculty, and staff, the study identified the strengths and weaknesses of the visual appeal of the campus. The findings revealed that the presence of natural elements, well-designed architectural features, and the maintenance of outdoor areas were key factors in enhancing the visual perception of the campus. The study also discussed the implications of these findings for improving the visual perception of the SDU campus, including the creation of more green spaces, incorporation of well-designed architectural elements, and regular maintenance of outdoor areas. The study concluded by highlighting the need for further research to deepen our understanding of this topic and improve the visual appeal of campus landscapes. Overall, this study contributes to the broader understanding of visual perception in camp.....

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Young adults with enough financial knowledge can commonly make good financial decisions, whereas those who lack financial literacy are always burdened by student loans and credit card debts. Acquiring adequate financial knowledge has become crucial among young adults. The present study investigated the effectiveness of incorporating financial literacy into videos among high school students. The video clips were incorporated into financial literacy in the economics curriculum to engage students and facilitate their learning of financial literacy. This study employed the mixed-methods explanatory design. The data analysis procedures in this design involved collecting the quantitative data, analyzing the data, and using the data to guide the follow-up interviews. A total of 327 students participated in this study. The results showed a significant change in students’ behavior regarding financial literacy (F=271.847, p..

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This article aims to analyse the importance of a field study of the Bujang Valley archaeological site in Kedah among students in the context of reinforcing heritage education. This study involved 400 university students who were randomly selected. A questionnaire instrument was used to elicit feedback, including the respondents' background, knowledge about Bujang Valley, knowledge about a guided tour of the exhibition gallery, knowledge about a guided tour of the archaeological site, knowledge about a demonstration technique and an archaeological excavation method, and knowledge about a field study of the archaeological site. The findings indicate that conducting the field study via activities during the guided tour of the exhibition galleries at the Bujang Valley Archaeological Museum (MALB) and the Hindu-Buddhist temple site is highly effective in enhancing heritage education. Indeed, it was able to impart knowledge about the significance of Bujang Valley to students enrolled in high.....

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Calixarenes, being well-known macrocyclic structures, have attracted considerable interest in the field of nanosensors due to their diverse advantages. 4-Aminobenzoic acid (PABA) was aimed to be detected by both calix[4]arene (C4) and calix[6]arene (C6) in this host-guest investigation. This study investigated the development of C4-PABA and C6-PABA complexes using the Langmuir–Schaefer (LS) method and first-principles density functional theory (DFT). All of the LS films formed were characterised by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen elemental analyser (CHNS), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Additionally, this work applied DFT to compute the binding energy and band gap. Morphological and elemental analysis based on the conducted characterisations indicated the incorporation of PABA via lower rims into both C4 and C6. The computed binding en.....

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Teachers’ perceptions of their teaching and learning activities are critical, especially given that the Malaysian preschool curriculum has undergone multiple revisions recently. The purpose of this study was to measure Malaysian teachers’ perceptions on teaching early mathematics. The study aimed to assess teachers’ perception of six constructs, namely, (1) knowledge about early mathematics, (2) readiness to involve in the early mathematics, (3) understanding of the importance of early mathematics, (4) past experience in mathematics, (5) attitudes towards early mathematics, and (6) importance of knowledge about teaching early mathematics. This study gauged the 76 Malaysian preschool teachers using a set of questionnaire. As this research discovered, the teachers in this study believed that they knew about early mathematics, were eager to get involved in early mathematics activities at preschool, understood the importance of Mathematics literacy, were positively disposed towards i.....

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Digitalization technology has emerged as a critical tool for promoting and sustaining rural entrepreneurship by providing greater access to information and new business opportunities. It can enhance the competitiveness of rural entrepreneurs by enabling them to leverage e-commerce platforms, social media, and other digital tools to access the global market. However, the uneven distribution of digital infrastructure and the lack of digital literacy in rural areas can create significant barriers to digital adoption and pose challenges to promoting sustainable rural entrepreneurship. Hence, this paper aims to structurally review related studies from 2 databases (Scopus and EconBiz) by utilizing Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). A total of 30 papers were eligible for evaluation. The findings were discussed based on three themes: the role, challenges and opportunities, and impact of digitalization technology on rural entrepreneurship. The adoption .....

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This research delves into how design education can catalyze rural revitalization and the digital renewal of non-heritage artifacts, blending traditional values with modern innovations. By establishing a comprehensive evaluation framework, we analyzed trends across 31 provinces from 2013 to 2022, focusing on rural growth and the digitization of non-heritage cultural elements. Our methods included the entropy value and TOPSIS methods, alongside a coupled coordination degree model, uncovering that economic prosperity and enhanced living standards drive rural development, with notable digital advancements in regions such as Beijing and Guangdong. The study highlights a growing synergy between rural and digital non-heritage development, reaching moderate coordination by 2022. It underscores the transformative effect of design education on rural and digital heritage sectors, recommending the establishment of an online education platform for wider knowledge dissemination. © 2023 Yanjun Yang,.....

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Low-back pain (LBP) has significantly reduced daily activities, work hours and societal productivity, with an increase since the COVID-19 pandemic. The study aimed to investigate the effects of progressive lumbar stabilization exercises (LSE) on back flexibility and pain intensity after four weeks and follow-up until week eight in students with Non-specific low-back pain (NSLBP) after COVID-19. A total of 34 UPSI students with NSLBP (pain duration: >6 months, age: 23.4±2.1 years, weight: 67.2±9.2 kg, BMI: 24.9±1.35 kg.m-2) participated in this study and they were randomly assigned to the LSE (n=17) or control (n=17) groups. The LSE group performed pelvic tilt, double knee-to-chest, bridging, bird dog, superman, cat and camel and partial curl-up exercises for eight weeks, 30 minutes and three sessions per week. The Sit and Reach test was used to assess back flexibility, and pain intensity was assessed using the VAS at the baseline, weeks 4 and 8. In baseline, week 4th and endpoint ti.....

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This paper presents the numerical investigation of natural convection heat transfer of copper-alumina/pure water hybrid nanofluid in an oblique U-shaped enclosure. The dimensionless governing equation is formed in the stream function-vorticity formulation using dimensionless variables. The Galerkin weighted residual finite element method with the damped Newton-Raphson iteration method is applied to the problem. The heat transfer performance for the system is investigated by varying the Rayleigh numbers, nanoparticle volume fractions and their ratios, and the oblique angles of the enclosure. The fluid flow, heat transfer, and vorticity analysis are conducted extensively for the Rayleigh number up to 106. It was found that the oblique enclosure dwindled the overall heat transfer performance. Correspondingly, the maximum vorticity is at the lowest with zero obliquenesses. The results are used to gain a deeper understanding of the fluid flow and thermal behaviour of the system to achieve m.....

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