This study aimed to characterise D24, D99, D160, D168, D197 and D200 varieties at matured, riped, and dehisced stages through morphological observation and molecular characterisation using transcriptomic analysis. Twenty-eight morphological traits were evaluated according to durian descriptor _National Guidelines for The Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability_. Separately, a total of 21 durian samples were submitted to transcriptome analysis to access biosynthesis pathways during fruit developmental stages. The results of the study showed that these six Malaysian durian varieties demonstrated a considerable level of morphological variation. Statistical ANOVA and canonical discriminant analysis identified pedicel length trait as the most significant quantitative trait to differentiate the six varieties. Qualitative traits dendrogram clustered the varieties into two main clades includes Clade A (mostly of D160, D168, D197 and D200) and Clade B (mostly of D24 and D99).....

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This study aimed to determine the effects of a four-week in-service professional development course on Acehnese science teachers_ pedagogical knowledge and skills. A triangulation mixed-methods research design was employed: The participants_ self-perceived level of pedagogical knowledge and skills in pretest-posttest, and their written responses on what they have learnt constituted the quantitative and qualitative data respectively. The participants consisted of 26 Acehnese science teachers and were selected by means of a stratified purposive sampling. The quantitative data of pretest-posttest differences were analysed using a paired samples t-test, while the qualitative data were analysed recursively to uncover emerging themes. The findings indicated that the Acehnese science teachers perceived that their pedagogical knowledge and skills have elevated as the outcome of the professional development course. The significant gains observed were further supported by the participants_ self-.....

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Previous studies revealed that Readers Theater instruction has improved fluency and comprehension skills of kindergarten children. In this study Reader_s Theater has been implemented to investigate its effectiveness towards improving fluency and comprehension skills of kindergarten children in Malaysia. Using quasi- experimental research design and qualitative methods, data was collected from 50 kindergarten children in the District of Batang Padang, Perak. The experimental study was carried out for six weeks where the control group was given the passage of the story, while the treatment group received Readers Theater scripts of the same story. Test statistics indicated significant differences between the treatment and control groups; Z = -3.00, p .05 in comprehension skills. It can therefore be concluded that Readers Theater instruction is beneficial to increase fluency skill for the kindergarten children in Malaysia and thus recommended as part of literacy enhancement in the kinderga.....

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This study investigated the teachers_ attitudes towards co-curricular activities in schools. The aim of the paper was to highlight the teachers_ readiness, knowledge and commitment towards their involvement in cocurricular activities in schools. A total of 116 respondents participated in the survey. The findings showed that the teachers_ readiness of being involved in the activities of co-curricular was high (mean=4.00); their knowledge was found to be at high levels (mean=3.86) and their commitment was also at high levels (mean=3.86). The results of the study implied that the teachers_ attitudes towards the co-curricular activities influenced significantly the students_ performance at co-curricular activities. The students_ active participation in co-curricular activities served as the catalyst for students_ holistic development. Therefore, the teachers_ attitudes in terms of readiness, knowledge and commitment should be emphasized in curriculum planning and co-curriculum planning, im.....

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In 1983, the Moral Education (ME) subject was first implemented as a core subject in primary one to non-Muslim pupils, whilst the Muslim pupils attended Islamic Education. It was implemented in stages on a year-by-year basis until form five at secondary school by 1993. The first ME syllabus covered 16 core values and 64 sub-values. In 2000, the ME syllabus was revised and the values were then reduced to 36. In 2010, the Standards Primary School Curriculum (SPSC) was introduced. As such, the ME syllabus was further revamped and it now consisted of 14 values. As the SPSC is being implemented in stages on year to year basis, it can be expected that there will be changes to the curriculum for secondary schools. This article intends to revisit the values in the ME syllabus by analysing official documents relevant to ME for Malaysian schools. Keywords: Values; Moral Education; schools in Malaysia...

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This paper is an instance of how a Chinese language teacher trainer cooperated with a game-based learning (GBL) researcher to design and develop a mobile application for learning daily communication in Mandarin. The teacher trainer intends to assist beginning learners, specifically those who speak Malay as their first language, to establish confidence in speaking Mandarin in Malaysian_s daily living contexts; while the researcher has set out to test the ecological validity of a GBL cooperation model. The interdisciplinary cooperation between these individuals has given rise to the production of a Mandarin communication learning application. The key challenge encountered in the development has been to determine the choice of contents and communication contexts for beginning learners. This paper illustrates how the challenges have been resolved and discusses lessons learnt from the cooperation. The outcomes of the study would benefit academics, GBL researchers or developers who plan to i.....

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Developing quality and effective future teachers is a cornerstone of all teacher-education programs. An area of inquiry that has been identified as influential within the teacher development process is the concept of motivation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine if there were differences between elements of effective teaching based on preservice teachers (PTs) motivation toward teaching. 68 (Male=44; Female=24) undergraduate Physical and Health Education PTs were recruited within this study. PT data were collected on their motivation toward teaching and elements of effective teaching. Results indicated that motivation was associated with elements of effective teaching. Keywords: Self-Determination Theory; motivation; teacher education...

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The objective of this study is to identify the cause and influence of the scholars-merchants culture in the late Ming Dynasty, the social morality of the late Ming Dynasty, and the scholars-merchants culture and the social morality of the late Ming Dynasty presented in Er Pai. The methodology applied in this research are Textual Analysis, Discourse Analysis, and the Historical Method to reveal the intersection between scholars-merchants integration and the development of socio-cultural history in the novel. This study found that the positioning of the social morality like public and private, righteousness and profit, as well as benevolence and destiny in the late Ming Dynasty and the relationship between the scholars-merchants culture and social morality in the late Ming Dynasty. During the late Ming Dynasty, the societal perspective regarding the concept of public and private emphasized meeting the reasonable criteria of private within the framework of conforming to the public. Righte.....

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This study aimed to explore the nature of the relationships between occupational stress, occupational motivation, and job satisfaction, with a focus on the mediating role of job satisfaction and the moderating effects of gender and years of experience from the perspective of schoolteachers in the Sultanate of Oman. A descriptiveanalytical approach was employed, and a questionnaire on stress, motivation, and job satisfaction among schoolteachers was utilized as the data collection tool, randomly distributed to 764 schoolteachers in Oman. Descriptive analysis, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and structural equation modelling (SEM) were used to test the study's model and hypotheses. The results showed a negative relationship between occupational stress and both occupational motivation (_ = -0.586, p < 0.05) and job satisfaction (_ = -0.597, p < 0.05). A positive relationship was also found between job satisfaction and occupational motivation (_ = 0.181, p < 0.05). Additionally, the res.....

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Objektif utama kajian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh strategi pemasaran digital terhadap prestasi kewangan dan bukan kewangan Aslipreneur di Malaysia. Kajian kuantitatif ini menggunakan soal selidik sebagai instrumen kajian. Seramai 147 orang responden Aslipreneur yang menjalankan perniagaan dalam talian telah dipilih melalui teknik pensampelan bola salji. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis regresi pelbagai. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa strategi pemasaran digital berdasarkan produk (_ = 0.115; t = 4.993; p < 0.05), harga (_ = 0.088; t = 3.622; p < 0.05) dan tempat (_ = 0.067; t = 2.121; p < 0.05) mempunyai kesan positif dan signifikan terhadap prestasi kewangan Aslipreneur. Sebaliknya, promosi (_ = 0.067; t = 1.954; p > 0.05) didapati tidak signifikan. Selain itu, strategi pemasaran digital iaitu produk (_ = -0.047; t = -0.570; p > 0.05), harga (_ = 0.090; t = 1.084; p > 0.05), tempat (_ = 0.100; t = 1.201; p > 0.05) dan promosi (_ = 0.114; t = 1.378; p > 0.05) tidak signifik.....

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