This study aims to investigate the interference of L1 in the writing of L2 tenses with specific reference to the interference of Bahasa Melayu (L1) in English (L2). Furthermore, this study is also influenced either positively or negatively, by the first language. This study also seeks to identify ways to minimize the influence of L1 (Bahasa Melayu) into L2 (English) tenses writing. This is a qualitative case study. The data collection instruments were document analysis and interview. The data was analysed using content analysis. Total of 69 essays with the title my family, my holidays and If I were a millionaire respectively were analysed from 23 students in terms of grammatical errors especially in the usage of simple present tense, simple past tense, and simple future tense. From the findings, it was found that first language highly interferes in students’ writing in simple present tense, and simple past tense. It is found that students committed more than two errors whi.....

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Inspirasi penciptaan art song Melayu ini bermula dengan melihat fenomena genre art song yang didominasi oleh penggunaan puisi dalam bahasa bukan Melayu. Genre ini yang dikenali sebagai lied secara umumnya terbit dari negara Jerman dan telah mendapat liputan dari pelbagai negara sekitarnya, juga mendapat impaknya di benua Asia, khususnya di negara Indonesia. Hasil daripada pemerhatian tersebut, saya merasakan genre ini berpotensi untuk berkembang maju terutamanya dari sudut kreativiti penulisan muzik di mana kelompangan ini boleh diisi dengan melakukan percampuran bersama idea muzik tradisional Melayu Asli. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan practice-based research (PBR), kajian ini bertujuan mencadangkan sebuah kerangka baharu (RENCAH) yang dijadikan sebagai konsep penciptaan karya. Konsep RENCAH merupakan suatu konsep gabungan idea muzik Melayu Asli dan teori muzik. Hasil kajian ini adalah 10 buah art song Melayu baharu yang menggunakan puisi Melayu terpiliih yang menggunakan i.....

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Kajian ini dijalankan untuk melihat kesan Modul Kecerdasan Emosi untuk meningkatkan kecerdasan emosi, kepuasan kerja dan komitmen terhadap organisasi dalam kalangan pegawai Tentera Laut Diraja Malaysia (TLDM). Subjek kajian terdiri daripada pegawai muda tentera laut yang berkhidmat di Pangkalan TLDM Lumut, Malaysia. Modul Kecerdasan Emosi yang digunakan dalam kajian ini telah diubah suai daripada satu siri aktiviti kecerdasan emosi yang dihasilkan oleh Lynn (2002). Tujuan kajian adalah untuk mengetahui kesan intervensi Modul Kecerdasan Emosi ke atas kumpulan rawatan berbanding kumpulan kawalan. Reka bentuk kajian eksperimen tulen praujianpascaujian dengan kumpulan kawalan digunakan di mana pemilihan subjek kajian dijalankan secara persampelan rawak melibatkan 67 orang pegawai TLDM daripada 17 unit kapal di Pangkalan TLDM Lumut. Subjek kajian diagihkan kepada dua kumpulan iaitu kumpulan kawalan yang terdiri daripada 35 orang pegawai manakala kumpulan rawatan mengandungi 32 o.....

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The purpose of this research is to examine the factors affecting SMEs’credit risk and credit risk assessment based on blockchain-driven supply chain finance. This research mainly includes three objectives: The first objective is to examine whether the financing enterprises, core enterprises, assets position under financing, blockchain platform and supply chain operation have significant impacts on credit risk by using logistic regression and entropy method. The panel data were collected from CSMAR on fifty-six SMEs, eight core enterprises and twenty-six blockchain enterprises in the period of 2016-2020. The second objective is to establish a credit risk evaluation index system and used factor analysis to extract the principal factors, then 11 factors are extracted as the variable sources for credit risk assessment modeling. The third objective is to build a credit risk assessment model by using five methods: Classification Tree, Bagging algorithm, AdaBoost algorithm, Rando.....

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Guru perlu memiliki sumber kejurulatihan yang tersendiri untuk melatih pasukan bola sepak sekolah. Melatih pasukan bola sepak tanpa modul latihan atau bahan pengajaran spesifik sebagai panduan, ia akan membuang masa guru, objektif kategori umur pemain tidak tercapai, pemain tidak mencapai prestasi yang sepatutnya dan tidak dapat menyumbang kepada pembangunan bola sepak sekolah. Tujuan utama kajian ini dijalankan adalah untuk melihat keberkesanan penggunaan modul Small Sided Game untuk prinsip menyerang dan bertahan antara kumpulan rawatan dan kumpulan kawalan. Analisis keperluan yang dilakukan oleh penyelidik mendapati bahawa 88.9% guru di zon Keramat memerlukan modul latihan bola sepak untuk kategori bawah 18 tahun yang merangkumi keperluan prinsip menyerang dan prinsip bertahan. Kajian ini menggunakan reka bentuk pre and post control group design. Seramai 64 orang pelajar lelaki berumur 16 tahun yang bersekolah di daerah zon Keramat telah dipilih secara rawak. Instrumen ka.....

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Intrusion detection systems (IDSs) employ sophisticated security techniques to detect malicious activities on hosts and/or networks. IDSs have been utilized to ensure the security of computer and network systems. However, numerous evaluation and selection issues related to several cybersecurity aspects of IDSs were solved using a decision support approach. The approach most often utilized for decision support in this regard is multi-Attribute decision-making (MADM). MADM can aid in selecting the most optimal solution from a huge pool of available alternatives when the appropriate evaluation attributes are provided. The openness of the MADM methods in solving numerous cybersecurity issues makes it largely efficient for IDS applications. We must first understand the available solutions and gaps in this area of research to provide an insightful analysis of the combination of MADM techniques with IDS and support researchers. Therefore, this study conducts a systematic review to organize th.....

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A smart contract is a digital program of transaction protocol (rules of contract) based on the consensus architecture of blockchain. Smart contracts with Blockchain are modern technologies that have gained enormous attention in scientific and practical applications. A smart contract is the central aspect of a blockchain that facilitates blockchain as a platform outside the cryptocurrency spectrum. The development of blockchain technology, with a focus on smart contracts, has advanced significantly in recent years. However, research on the smart contract idea has weaknesses in the implementation sectors based on a decentralized network that shares an identical state. This paper extensively reviews smart contracts based on multi-criteria analysis, challenges and motivations. Therefore, implementing blockchain in multicriteria research is required to increase the efficiency of interaction between users via supporting information exchange with high trust. Implementing blockchain in the mul.....

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Rigidoporus microporus is an economically important plant pathogenic fungus causing particularly severe losses to the rubber industry worldwide. The pathogen is responsible for white root rot (WRR) disease, infecting the host roots via white fibrous mycelia, causing vascular disfunction, and visible symptoms including leaf discolouration and dieback in severely infected trees. The final stage of the disease is characterized by the appearance of basidiocarps at the tree collar. The development of WRR in rubber plantations is dependent on fungal diversity in the soil, pH, temperature, and cation levels. Several -omics approaches have been undertaken to understand how R.microporus functions with the objective, ultimately, to control WRR. Unfortunately, no resistant rubber clone has been identified to date. The disease is managed through physical and chemical methods that are laborious and negatively impact the environment, respectively. Recent developments in research on R.microporus shed.....

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The adoption of technology remains a persistent challenge, but it is an essential endeavour in the pursuit of fostering inclusivity, equity, and a steadfast commitment to providing high-quality learning opportunities for all. This study conducts a systematic review to explore how teachers and students perceive the role of technology in the classroom. It also investigates the key factors that influence teachers' perceptions of technology and the barriers they encounter when adopting technology in the pedagogical process. Following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guideline, reputable databases were thoroughly examined, including Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus. The search identified 83 relevant publications spanning the years 2010 to 2023. After a comprehensive evaluation, we identified 41 publications most relevant to the study. The study revealed that both teachers and students view technology as a valuable to.....

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The aim of the study was to evaluate the extended version of the Problem-Solving Inventory (PSI) via an online learning setting known as the Online Problem-Solving Inventory (OPSI) through the lens of Rasch Model analysis. To date, there is no extended version of the PSI for online settings even though many researchers have used it; thus, this study validated the OPSI taking into account evidence based on Rasch model analysis. Firstly, the OPSI employed content validation by three experts. The result of the percent agreement showed that the overall percent agreement of the OPSI is 95.05% which consists of six constructs: impulsive style, reflective style, problem-solving confidence, avoidance style, monitoring, and planfulness. Next, eight measurement properties of Rasch model analysis were employed with the OPSI among 49 undergraduate students in Malaysia. The results revealed that 19 respondents needed to be dropped according to Rasch model analysis. Next, retained 30 respondents con.....

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