Practical skills are essential skills in physics courses, especially in the laboratory setting. Therefore, these skills must be appropriately assessed to ensure undergraduates' readiness in the working environment with adequate skills. This paper aims to identify the criteria for a scoring checklist to assess practical skills indirectly in an undergraduate optics course. This study employed a Developmental Research Type 1 design using qualitative and quantitative methods. A scoring checklist is constructed using the ADDIE instructional model of five main phases: (1) Analysis, (2) Design, (3) Development, (4) Implementation, and (5) Evaluation. In this paper, the researcher describes the first three phases of producing the lab report scoring checklist to assess practical skills indirectly among undergraduates in an optics course. In conclusion, a set of 47 criteria to assess practical skills indirectly among undergraduates in an optics course has been identified and is ready for the nex.....

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  Mentha pulegium, a species of Lamiaceae family, is flowering plant native to Europe, North Africa and the Middle East. Crushed M. pulegium leaves exhibit a very strong fragrance like spearmint. The objective of the study was to investigate the phytochemical constituents and antibacterial activity of M. pulegium stems and leaves vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) fractions. The powdered leaves and stems were macerated with absolute methanol then filtered using Buchner system. The filtrate was evaporated, then submitted to VLC using different solvents, and their fractions were collected. Phytochemical screening tests were done to investigate the chemical composition of methanol extract. The antibacterial effect of both methanol crude and the five extracts was studied on gram positive (S. aureus and S. haemolyticus) and gram negative (P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae) bacteria using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The results indicat.....

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Tujuan kajian ini adalah membangunkan model pengajaran R-STEM berasaskan projek dengan penerapan elemen membina hubungan untuk pembelajaran matematik sekolah rendah. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan penyelidikan reka bentuk dan pembangunan yang mengandungi tiga fasa. Fasa pertama merupakan fasa analisis keperluan bagi mengenal pasti keperluan untuk membangunkan model pengajaran RSTEM berasaskan projek dengan penerapan elemen membina hubungan. Fasa ini dilaksanakan melalui kaedah temu bual separa berstruktur dan kaedah tinjauan. Temu bual separa berstruktur melibatkan 3 orang guru pakar dalam bidang matematik manakala instrumen soal selidik telah dijawab oleh 400 orang guru matematik sekolah rendah. Data temu bual telah dianalisis menggunakan analisis tematik, manakala data soal selidik dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif statistik iaitu min dan sisihan piawai. Dapatan temu bual dan soal selidik menunjukkan terdapat keperluan untuk membangunkan model pengajaran R-STE.....

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A numerical taxonomic is an algorithm method that is used to evaluate scored characters of continuous characters such as leaf architectures. Leaf architecture characters were scored from 11 Vitex species in Peninsular Malaysia (V. gamosepala, V. glabrata, V. longisepala, V. millsii, V. negundo, V. pinnata, V. quinata, V. trifolia, V. vestita, Vitex sp.1 and Vitex sp.2), one subspecies (V. trifolia subsp. litoralis) and two varieties (V. negundo var. bicolor and V. negundo var. cannabifolia) were investigated using herbarium voucher specimens and fresh specimens collected from the fieldwork. Species collected were from Pasoh Forest Reserve, Negeri Sembilan; Gunung Lambak Forest Reserve, Johor; Sungai Dara Forest Reserve, Perak; Proton City, Tanjong Malim, Perak; Gunung Lambak Forest Reserve, Johor; Cameron Highland, Pahang; Herb Walk Garden, Langkawi; and Kg. Pulau Belanga, Kota Bharu, Kelantan. All the studied Vitex species shared leaf architecture as follow: arrangement (opposite), ma.....

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Fokus kajian ini adalah untuk mengkaji hubungan antara minat guru dengan kemahiran guru menggunakan Google Classroom dalam proses pembelajaran dan pemudahcaraan sains. Kajian tinjauan ini menggunakan teknik pensampelan rawak mudah untuk memilih 30 orang responden di sekolah menengah di daerah Manjung. Kaedah kuantitatif ini menggunakan soal selidik Likert 5 poin. Responden kajian terdiri daripada 30 orang guru sains sekolah menengah di daerah Manjung. Ujian yang digunakan dalam kajian ini ialah ujian t tidak bersandar dan ANOVA sehala. Hasil dapatan kajian menunjukkan wujudnya perbezaan signifikan minat penggunaan Google Classroom mengikut jantina guru. Selain itu, tidak terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan pada kemahiran penggunaan Google Classroom berdasarkan jantina guru. Penyelidik mendapati wujudnya perbezaan yang signifikan minat terhadap kemahiran penggunaan Google Classroom pada umur guru. Seterusnya, terdapat wujudnya perbezaan signifikan kemahiran menggunakan Google Classroom d.....

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Pterocarpus erinaceus (Fabaceae) is a medicinal plant used in the treatment of several diseases such as, fever, diarrhea, and dysentery. The aim of this research work is to isolate phytochemicals, evaluate antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of the extract/isolated compounds from the stem bark of Pterocarpus erinaceus. The plant material was air dried and extracted with a polarity gradient of petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Purification of the methanol extract using column chromatography yielded two compounds: friedelin (1) and 5-dodecylresorcinol (2). Antimicrobial screening of the extracts and isolated compounds was conducted using the disc diffusion method, while the cytotoxicity was tested on the extracts using Brine Shrimp larvae. The methanol extract was more toxic (LC50 of 0.93 μg/mL) than petroleum ether (PER-PE) and ethyl acetate (PER-EA) extracts. Antimicrobial screening of the plant extracts and compounds revealed a moderate activity at 1000 μg/mL...

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Fluconazole is one of the commonly prescribed antifungal with recommendation for therapeutic level monitoring to ensure its levels are within therapeutic range to reduce the risk of adverse effects, toxicity of this otherwise safe drug and to prevent occurence of resistant fungi. A sensitive and robust method was developed to quantitate the level of fluconazole in human serum using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Using Agilent SB-C18 column (50 x 2.1mm, 1.8 μm particle size), fluconazole was eluted separately from the internal standard using mobile phase (A) 0.1% formic acid in water and (B) methanol. The flow rate was set at 0.4 mL/min in positive ionization mode. The method was linear from 156.25 ng/mL to 5,000 ng/mL (r2 = 0.999) with the recovery of 80-90%, and the accuracy and precision of 89-101% and 0-10%, respectively. Fluconazole was also proven stable under different test conditions with the accuracy of 87-114%. The developed method met .....

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Konsep utama dalam upacara komuniti Batak Toba ialah perbincangan mengenai kesedaran bahawa konsep muzik tradisional mempunyai ciri-ciri idiografis yang tidak berubah. Penyiasatan ini memberikan tumpuan kepada analisis: 1). Perubahan dalam repertoir lagu sebagai hibriditi budaya yang mewujudkan ruang sosial baharu. 2). Suasana dinamik sosial fikiran manusia berubah dalam varian muzik mengikut perubahan zaman. Gondang Sabangunan mengalami perubahan bentuk, sifat dan rupa yang telah disesuaikan dengan kumpulan muzik kombo band moden, tanpa mengubah struktur budaya muzik tradisional Batak Toba. Mengenal pasti asal usul lagu telah menjadi sumber inspirasi kepada perubahan sintetik jika dibandingkan dengan perubahan muzik popular yang digunakan. Pandangan dekonstruksi membolehkan andaian baru diubah oleh pemuzik dan penonton. Hasil kajian meletakkan identiti budaya muzik Batak Toba dengan ambivalensi perubahan makna aestetik dan alat muzik. Kesedaran antara dua pandangan berbeza.....

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Diospyros argentea is distributed mainly in Southeast Asia where it has been used to repel mosquitoes and its pounded roots are applied externally to treat herpes zoster. Chemical investigation of D. Argentea leaves resulted in the isolation of three steroids, β-sitosterol (1), β-sitostenone (2), and stigmasterol (3), together with five triterpenes, identified as friedelin (4), taraxerol (5), taraxerone (6), betulin (7), and lupeol (8). Their structures were elucuidated using spectroscopic analysis and chemical evidence. To the best of our knowledge, all compounds were isolated for the first time from this species...

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Western classical pianism has developed and taken many transformations, which has led to the creation of new sounds. The inclination and artistic derivations of the virtuosic musician, composer, keyboardist, and improviser had become prevalent during the 18th and continued into 19th century pianism. The practice of improvisation decreased with composers’ concern of the score’s fidelity and began to notate in detail during the 20th century. This has become a limitation to the performer’s creativity during a performance. The aim of this dissertation is to explore added embellishment of contemporary piano works from an established Turkish pianist Fazil Say (b.1970), who performs Western classical repertory alongside his piano solo works. The application of embellishment is considered a modification to the written notations based on relevant studies by Paul Thom (2007) and Jullian Hellaby (2009). This study of Say’s life, musical experiences and analysis of his selected .....

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