The aim of this study was to determine and compare the force output during lunge exercises with different loadings; i) high load forward lunge (70% 1RM) and ii) low load forward lunge (30% 1RM). Thirty recreationally active, untrained men were recruited and were assigned to perform forward lunge with 70% 1RM (70FL) and 30% 1RM (30FL) with both their dominant and non-dominant leg. For both dominant and non-dominant leg, all the force variables during 70FL were significantly greater compared to 30FL. Results also showed that time to peak force and stance time was significantly shorter during 30FL compared to 70FL. Besides that, all the force variables were greater in the dominant limb compared to the non-dominant limb. Time to peak force and stance time were also shorter in dominant limb compared to the non-dominant limb. As the conclusion, assymetries exist among untrained men during forward lunge exercise for both low loads and high loads. ? Published under licence by IOP Publishing Lt.....

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Reasoning is critical in learning of mathematics for the reason that it is a basis of mathematical ability and their absence causes students to be unsuccessful and unable to engage in mathematics teaching. Recent technological advancements have opened the way for mathematics educators to use the capabilities of these technology tools in providing teaching and learning to reinforce reasoning skills. This quasi-experimental non-equivalent pre-post-test design study investigated the effectiveness of using TI-Nspire CX graphing calculator's activities in learning Integrals and Application of Integration topic towards mathematics pre-service teachers' mathematical reasoning. A sample of 44 students was randomly chosen to take part in the study such that there are 22 pre-service mathematics teachers in the experimental group and there are 22 pre-service mathematics teachers in the control group. The instrument used for the pre and post- test was the Mathematical Reasoning test (MRT) to measu.....

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The aim of this research was to identify the effects of Early Literacy Module (Modul Lit-A) on the achievement of early literacy skills for Nursery children aged 2+ and 3+. This quantitative approach adopted quasi experimental method which was a pre-post test design for non-balanced groups. The sample of the study involved 95 children aged 2+ and 3+. The children were divided into two groups, namely, treatment group which consisted of 45 children who were taught using Modul Lit-A, and control group which consisted of 50 children who were taught using the conventional method. While the findings showed Modul Lit-A can significantly increase general early literacy skills for the children aged 2+, this may not be the case for children aged 3+. Nevertheless, the findings in terms of the components showed different significant effects of Modul Lit-A according to the children's age. The use of Modul Lit-A showed significant increase for the components of language and communication, print conc.....

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The purpose of this research was to study the effectiveness of Bar Circle method towards achievement of Year 3 pupils in the topic of multiplication. A pre-test and post-test non-equivalent group quasiexperimental design was used. A total of 50 primary pupils enrolled in one of the schools in Perak were chosen for this study. A total of 25 respondents from the treatment group used Bar Circle Method for intervention process whereas 25 respondents from the control group used conventional method in the teaching and learning process. The quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistic and inferential statistic. Based on the independent sample t-test, the mean score of treatment group differed from the mean score of control group significantly [t(48) = 9.535, p < 0.05]. In conclusion, pupils from the treatment group who went through the teaching and learning using Bar Circle Method showed better achievement in the multiplication of two numbers compared to pupils from the controll.....

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The STEM-Based Physics Interactive Laboratory (I-LAB) Module is a module which combines Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) elements with Physics Theory and Practical Physics for Form Four physics students. This module also has elements of Problem Based Learning (PBL) and Feedback to enhance the active teaching and learning process. The study examines the effectiveness of the Form Four STEM-Based Physics Interactive Laboratory (I-LAB) Module to enhance Form Four physics students' achievements in Physics subject. A quantitative study was carried out using an experimental method. The instruments used were pretest and posttest for Form Four physics students' achievements in Physics subject. The sample of this study included 60 physics students divided into three groups: a Traditional Physics Laboratory (T-LAB); Form Four STEM-Based Physics Interactive Laboratory with explanation feedback (I-LABP); and Form Four STEM-Based Physics Interactive Laboratory with knowledge o.....

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This study aims to explore the effectiveness of a Design Thinking (DT) tool toward special needs education teachers who taught Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) subjects at the primary level. The impact of the DT tool was explored in the context of lesson plan design for STEM subjects and in the development of creative skills among the special education teachers. Data were elicited from open-ended interviews involving a group of special education teachers who were chosen among the participants of a DT workshop, which was also conducted by the researchers. The findings revealed that the DT tool helped facilitate the teachers to design and develop suitable STEM teaching activities for students with disabilities to learn the subjects effectively. In addition, the DT tool also facilitated the teachers to unleash their creative skills in the teaching process. From the findings, the use of the DT tool has the potential to create a new teaching paradigm for STEM subject.....

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During the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of online instruction through different mobile applications has become more common in education all over the world. Therefore, this research investigated the potential effects of using WeChat-based online instruction on Iranian EFL learners' vocabulary knowledge. To achieve this objective, 44 Iranian intermediate subjects were picked out among 67 students based on the findings of the Oxford Quick Placement Test (OQPT). The subjects were then randomly divided into two equal groups: experimental and control. After assigning the subjects to two groups, they were pretested by a vocabulary test. Then, the experimental group received vocabulary instruction using WeChat application, while the control group received a conventional vocabulary instruction. After the instruction, a vocabulary posttest was given to both groups to assess the effectiveness of the treatment. The gathered data were analyzed through independent samples t-test, one-way ANCOVA, and p.....

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This study sought to examine the effect of network structure and nature of IPCs on bilateral trade, with a specific focus on the automobile industry using the panel data methodology. Using the data, a deeper understanding of the determinants behind the development of East Asia?s IPCs in several ways. Firstly, apart from the economic size of the exporting and importing nations, distance, per capita income, FTA, government policies, language, and FDI, it was found that the network structure and the network nature also played a significant role in determining the level of East Asia?s trade in the automobile industry. Specifically, a nation witha high degree of trade integration with its trading partners in IPCs appeared to be poised to increase its exports and imports of automobile products, and the same can be said of a nation with a high dominating power in IPCs. Secondly, it was also found that network structure had an impact on determining the level of automobile trade when we conside.....

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The environmental pollution that results from the excessive usage of pesticides has been threatening the communities for decades. In this study, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is proposed as a coating agent to encapsulate zinc hydroxide nitrate?sodium dodecylsulphate?imidacloprid (ZHN?SDS?IC) for the implementation of controlled release formulation (CRF) in pesticide. The physicochemical properties of the ZHN?SDS?IC?CMC were characterised so that their crystallinity, thermal behaviour and surface morphology could be examined. The findings from the release study revealed the potential for CMC to prolong the release of imidacloprid (IC). A strong hygroscopic and adequate swelling characteristic enabled the CMC to develop an external gel layer on the surface of the ZHN?SDS?IC?CMC that acted as an additional barrier and slowed the release of the intercalated IC. The ZHN?SDS?IC?CMC that was synthesised can contribute to overcoming the environmental issues due to excessive usage of pesticides.....

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Purpose: Material: Results: Conclusions: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects CoBAgi Training which apply neuromuscular training, sport specific movements that couple with perturbation variation on coordination, dynamic balance and agility among adolescent handball players. Quantitative randomized controlled trials quasi-experimental design with pretest and posttest evaluation used for this study. A total of 30 adolescent handball players (aged: 14.00 � 0.83 years) were recruited as participants. Purposive sampling methods were used for these purposes. The participants were randomly assigned into two groups i.e. control group (CG: n=15) and experimental group (EG: n=15). EG undergone six weeks CoBAgi training while CG followed their usual training routine with supervision of the researcher, there times a week for 6 weeks. In order to measure the effect of these training on coordination, dynamic balance and agility, participants have performed Carioca Test, Star Excursi.....

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