this research studies e-learning environments based on the Earth layers via Augmented Reality. It is a technology that can insert and provide input in the form of 3D virtual objects into a real-time environment. It can be applied in learning activities. In this research, authors offer to use it in geography subjects on the topic of layers and structures of the earth. Learning media on the topic of layers and structures of the earth in schools today is still conventional and difficult to present in-class learning. In addition, there is still a lack of technical knowledge to properly use digital technologies in lessons and this application is user-friendly. This study was conducted to determine the user's response regarding the learning media layer and structure of the earth-based Augmented Reality of secondary school students. Augmented Reality is a type of interactive technology that combines real and virtual objects to produce real 3D objects in life. The research was developed with t.....

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The present study focused on the antimicrobial assessments of Centella asiatica for different extracts (ethanol, methanol, water, and hexane) against Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli O157: H7, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus niger, and Candida albicans. Ethanol achieved the highest extraction yields, total phenolic, and flavonoids contents, followed by those achieved with methanol, water, and hexane. The ethanolic extract exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity in agar disc diffusion assays. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranged from 7.81 for C. albicans to 125 mg/mL for A. niger. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was ranged from 15.63 for S. aureus and S. Typhimurium to 62.50 mg/mL for E. coli O157: H7. The minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) was ranged 7.81 for C. albicans and 250 mg/mL for A. niger. No MBC and MFC could be established for the methanolic and aqueous extract, and the hexane extract did not sh.....

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Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels (Phyllanthaceae family) is a plant that is widely distributed in Asian countries, which is traditionally used as a medicinal plant to treat various ailments. Inspired by the uses of the plant, the aim of this study was to extract and isolate bioactive compounds from P. acidus as potential antimicrobials. The isolation and identification of phyllanthol (1) and meso-hydrobenzoin (2) from the dichloromethane bark extract of P. acidus are presented. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses. To the best of our knowledge, compound 1 is a known compound and compound 2 is the first report presented on the isolation and structural elucidation as a natural compound. The bark extract and the isolated compounds were evaluated for antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus by disc diffusion assay, minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), and half.....

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Manganese-doped nickel oxide nanosheet array films are successfully prepared on a nickel oxide seed-coated glass substrate by an immersion method. Various annealing temperatures between 300�C and 500�C are applied to the manganese-doped nickel oxide nanosheet array films to study their effect on the properties of nickel oxide, including humidity sensing performance. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet?visible (UV?vis) spectrophotometry, a two-probe current?voltage (I-V) measurement system and a humidity measurement system are used to characterise the heat-treated manganese-doped nickel oxide samples. The effect of annealing temperature can be clearly observed for the different surface morphologies and diffraction patterns. The samples exhibit average crystallite size increases of 0.63?10.13 nm with increasing annealing temperature. The dislocation density, interplanar spacing, lattice .....

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To tackle the conundrum of detecting offensive comments/posts which are considerably informal, unstructured, miswritten and code-mixed, we introduce two inventive methods in this research paper. Offensive comments/posts on the social media platforms, can affect an individual, a group or underage alike. In order to classify comments/posts in two popular Dravidian languages, Tamil and Malayalam, as a part of the HASOC - DravidianCodeMix FIRE 2021 shared task, we employ two Transformer-based prototypes which successfully stood in the top 8 for all the tasks. The codes for our approach can be viewed and utilized1 ? 2021 Copyright for this paper by its authors...

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Trends in water quality, either increasing or decreasing over the long term, are becoming an essential guide to understanding water quality. This study aims to analyse the trends in water quality in the upstream part of the Bernam River Basin, Malaysia from 1998 to 2018. This study involved the collection of data on water quality from the Department of Environment, Malaysia. Six main parameters of the water quality index (WQI) were chosen, including the dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N), total suspended solids (TSS) and pH. The analysis methods applied are the Mann-Kendall test and Sen's estimator of slope. The results of the WQI value trend analysis revealed that most stations have decreasing trends. A trend analysis of the parameters found that most stations had increasing trends for the DO, BOD, NH3-N and pH parameters, while decreasing trends for the COD and TSS parameters were observed. An increasing t.....

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Purpose: The prevalence of violence among students has become increase year by year. It is a dilemma because the phenomenon has already started to be found at the junior high school level. It is an anomaly because the culture of violence directly impacts academic achievement and several non-academic psychological attributes of students. The study's purpose was to validate and develop a questionnaire to measure the peaceful classroom atmosphere. Method: This study was conducted in 2020, involved 406 students junior high school as participants consisting of 176 males and 230 females, aged 12-14 years in Indonesia. The quantitative approach was used to research a survey design that distributes 25 questionnaires with a Likert scale 5-point as answer choices. The data analysis used the Rasch model, with Win steps 3.73 version. Findings: Study results show that the Cronbach Alpha value is 0.94, which is the interaction between person and item is excellent. Furthermore, the person reliability.....

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Classroom assessment is continuously assessment throughout the teaching and learning process and used in totally in every subjects. Assessment is designed to provide the understanding and help school administrators and teachers in performing assessment process in order to obtain the feedback on students learning development and pedagogical effectiveness. However, there been an issue of assessment that faced by teachers which is the lack of training and skills in techniques that effect the level of confidence in implementation of school based assessment. Therefore, this study aims to identify the problems faced by teachers in implementing classroom assessment for one of the Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) subject area which is Design and Technology. Respondents comprised of 26 teachers were randomly selected from 15 secondary schools in Johor. Descriptive studies of qualitative research were selected to get an idea on experiences and the data would be segmented ac.....

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Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a native plant to Paraguay. The extracts have been used as a famous sweetening agent, and the bioactive components derived from stevia possess a broad spectrum of therapeutical potential for various illnesses. Among its medicinal benefits are anti-hypertensive, anti-tumorigenic, anti-diabetic, and anti-hyperlipidemia. Statins (3-hydro-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitor) are a class of drugs used to treat atherosclerosis. Statins are explicitly targeting the HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme in the rate-limiting step of cholesterol biosynthesis. Despite being widely used in regulating plasma cholesterol levels, the adverse effects of the drug are a significant concern among clinicians and patients. Hence, steviol glycosides derived from stevia have been proposed as an alternative in replacing statins. Diterpene glycosides from stevia, such as stevioside and rebaudioside A have been evaluated for their efficacy in alleviating cholesterol levels. These.....

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The acidic microenvironment of tumour cells requires a pH-sensitive delivery mechanism for improving drug release. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of using pH-sensitive ACC nanoparticles with sustained-release performance and slow degradability as carriers for lectins isolated from edible mushroom Agaricus bisporus (ABL) that exhibited anti-proliferating effects on tumour cells. ABL was purified and characterized using ion-exchange, gel filtration chromatography, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. ABL-ACC nanoparticles were synthesized through a simple precipitation process coupled with mechanical grinding. The conjugated ABL-ACC-NPs were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and zeta potential. Cytotoxicity of ABL-ACC-NPs was analyzed using methylthiazol tetrazolium assay against MCF-7 cells compared with ABL and A.....

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