This study aimed to develop the stochastic SIR-SI Age-Structured model to estimate the relative  risk  for leptospirosis  mapping specifically for  children  and  adults  in  Malaysia.  This study used model development as it research design. The methodology of this study took  into   account  the  transmission  of  leptospirosis  in  the  stochastic  SIR-SI  model (S=susceptible,    I=infected,   R=recovered   for   human   populations   and   S=susceptible, I=infected   for    vector   populations).   In   this   study,   the   existing   SIR-SI   model   was improvised and  adapted to the leptospirosis transmission. Then, the model was expended to form an alternative  SIR-SI Age-Structured model specifically for children and adults to estimate the relative risk of  leptospirosis for these populations in Malaysia. The data used in this study were weekly data from  epidemiology week 1 to epidemiology week 52 for the.....

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Makalah ini meneliti kefahaman dan kepekaan pelajar terhadap aplikasi gender gramatikal dalam pembinaan ayat bahasa Sepanyol. Seramai 30 pelajar bahasa Sepanyol Tahap 1 dipilih sebagai sampel dalam kajian ini. Sampel terdiri daripada pelbagai bangsa iaitu Melayu, Cina dan India. Sebanyak 20 ayat diberikan kepada pelajar untuk dianalisis sama ada mempunyai kesilapan gender gramatikal atau tidak dan ayat ini perlu diperbetulkan oleh pelajar. Kajian ini memilih pelajar tahap novis kerana bersesuaian dengan objektif kajian untuk menjelaskan kefahaman dan kepekaan pelajar terhadap atribusi gender gramatikal dalam ayat. Atribusi gender gramatikal yang menjadi fokus ialah kata nama, kata adjektif dan artikel yang terdapat dalam ayat. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan kefahaman yang minimum dalam kalangan pelajar terhadap penggunaan gender gramatikal dalam pembinaan ayat. Pelajar mengalami kesukaran untuk menentukan gender kata nama terutama kata nama bagi objek tidak hidup dan tidak dapat menghubung.....

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The purpose of this study is to explore the favored video applications in video use, compatible techniques and technology to accommodate the learning styles of moral education students in Teacher Education Institutes. This study is also to explore the contents of lesson suit to technology preferred by students in learning Moral Education. This is a case study in where data were collected through interviews. Six semester four students were chosen through purposive sampling from two Teacher Education Institutes in Malaysia. The constructs and internal validity were verified by experts while the external validity was verified through support from existing studies and theories. Data of the study were analyzed by using the Nvivo software to identify the features of favored video, compatible techniques and contents of lesson suit to technology that enhance the quality of teaching and learning of Moral Education to students. The Physiological Stimulus of Dunn and Dunn Learning Styles Model wa.....

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This paper discusses the feedback provided by various stakeholders and agencies on the validation of the 3E Teacher Education Curriculum proposed for the development of a Teacher Education Model in Malaysia. A qualitative approach was used to analyse the feedback given on the validation process. The feedback was based on face to face interview and feedback form. Thirty two stakeholders and agencies related to teacher education participated in the project on four different occasions. The responses were categorised into several themes and categories. The findings showed that the curriculum validation is a constructive process in assuring quality curriculum development and the insights provided helped to shape a more concrete teacher education curriculum which is holistic, balanced, current and sustainable. This study implicates the need for a curriculum validation process in any curriculum development prior to its implementation..

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This study is conducted to investigate the effectiveness of cooperative learning (STAD) in enhancing students’ essay writing skills in the learning and facilitating of Malay language. A total of sixty form four students were selected as respondents for this study. The researcher observes a problem that conventional learning and facilitating is still being practiced by the school teachers which contributes to a lack of students’ participation in cooperative learning. The data are collected through survey questionnaires and pre and post-tests. The data are then analysed using SPSS version 23 to obtain the percentage score, frequency and mean score. The study has found that cooperative learning produces significant changes in their essay writing skills. The results from the participants’ post-test have shown improvement in their test scores. This study also validates that cooperative learning is highly recommended for teachers to gain students’ attention and their enhancement in w.....

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This study explores the construction and reconstruction of ESL student teachers’ professional identity at a teacher education university in Malaysia. A number of 23 student teachers were required to upload a journal entry in the e-portfolio to reflect upon themselves as prospective teachers when they were doing a pedagogical course in semester 5. Upon completing their teaching practice in semester 7 and while doing seminar reflective as a course in their final semester, the student teachers were asked to revisit their journal entry on their identity and to compare and contrast if their views have changed or remained the same after their teaching practice experiences. A content analysis was used to study the transformation of identity through journal entries. The study reveals that the student teachers were more realistic and practical as opposed to being idealistic in forming their professional identities after the teaching practice. There were many situational factors which have aff.....

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As compared to other professionals such as architects, doctors, engineers, and accountants, graphic designers have relatively lower professional status. Some people argue that this is in large part due to the fact that graphic designers have lighter responsibilities, i.e., they deal only with ‘the making of things and beautiful things’ instead of ‘life and death’ or ‘safety’ issues of their clients. However, many design scholars perceive graphic design as a strategic tool that can bring massive values to global organizations, markets, societies, and economies. In light of this ‘perception gap’, graphic designers must reconsider how they can strengthen or elevate their professional status among the public. Through conducting a comprehensive literature review, this paper aims to investigate and discuss the possible factors that have failed graphic designers to be recognized as professionals. It concludes that the conventional definition of the term ‘graphic design’ ca.....

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4-aminobenzoic acid (4-AB) interleaved with zinc layered hydroxide (ZAB) was successfully synthesized from 4-AB and zinc oxide (ZnO) by using co-precipitation method. The PXRD pattern of ZAB with a basal spacing of 23.2 Å has confirmed that 4-AB interleaved into zinc layered hydroxide (ZLH) inorganic interlayer. The interleaved compound was also verified with the presence of COO–  and aromatic N–C groups observed at 1518 cm−1 and 1174 cm−1, respectively, in the FTIR spectrum. The results were supported by the presence of 18.7% carbon composition in the ZAB material obtained from TGA analysis. Morphological studies showed that ZAB material is a flake-like shape with different sizes. Further characterizations of the resulting compounds were also studied by using BET/BJH, ICP and CHNS analyses...

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This study aims to identify the factors that stimulate students to get involved in the field of entrepreneurship towards producing entrepreneurs among Bachelor Degree students from Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI). Information was obtained through the questionnaire involving 756 students following the Bachelor Degree in Education and the Non-Education Bachelor Degree in UPSI. A set of questionnaire was used to identify information about oneself and the factors that stimulate the students to venture into entrepreneurship. The study results show that most students have high level of these factors –attitude and need for achievement whereas moderate level for interest, university, intention behind entrepreneurship, readiness, obstacle and low for background. The need for skills and development of entrepreneurship required by UPSI students would be the basic course in entrepreneurship, and the support from the university, provision of capital assistance and the infrastructure suc.....

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The aim of this research is to develop a new model of details for the leaf serration before wrapping it onto the overall leaf margin. For this purpose, we used the offset of the original leaf shape outline. The model of the leaf consists of several leaf parts are represented with B-spline curves which also represent the offset. We propose a new algorithm to represent the pattern of the details. The details are applied as an offset to the underlying curve. An algorithm how the pattern combines to the margin was also explained. The results of the drawings are divided into three categories: satisfactory, acceptable, and unsatisfactory. Expert botanist was referred to assess the drawing result to ensure the result is parallel with a botanical point of view. The findings show that the geometry of the details was satisfactory, except for some minor distortion. As the implication, this research allows novice botanists and amateurs to readily see a picture which they might find it hard to visu.....

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