Lead is a multisystemic toxicant when it accumulates and is hazardous to health. This study was conducted to determine the effect of Caulerpa lentillifera aqueous extract on lead accumulation in the internal organs and liver functions of lead-intoxicated rats. Sprague Dawley rats (n = 24) were divided into four groups (n = 6). Group I was healthy rats treated with saline (2 ml/kg bwt) daily for 28 days. Group II was healthy rats treated with C. lentillifera aqueous extract (500 mg/kg bwt) daily for 28 days. Group III was intoxicated with lead acetate (20 mg/kg bwt) daily for 4 days and then treated with saline (2 ml/kg bwt) for another 24 days. Group IV was intoxicated with lead acetate (20 mg/kg bwt) daily for 4 days and then treated with C. lentillifera aqueous extract (500 mg/kg bwt) for another 24 days. Lead accumulation in the internal organs was measured by the atomic absorption spectrophotometer and the liver function markers were determined using assay kits. Lead intoxication s.....

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The factors that influence food choices nowadays are time, cost and deliciousness. An obvious example is fast food. Although consumers are aware that fast food is not a healthy choice, many still chooses fast food because it is convenient. Therefore in this paper, by using linear programming, we analyzed McDonald”s Malaysia menu in order to find the cheapest menu and the “healthiest” menu. We developed a linear programming model for McDonald”s Malaysia menu which adheres to Malaysia Recommended Nutrient Intake 2017 (RNI 2017). Then we solved the model and proposed the cheapest menu and also the “healthiest” menu that meets the nutrient requirement based on RNI 2017. The result showed that price for the cheapest palatable menu is RM21.69 a day. For set menu, we found that no menu meets this requirement, suggesting that McDonald”s set menu should not be taken three times a day. The price for the “healthiest” McDonald”s menu with the least total of fat, sugar and salt .....

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Integration of azo group into a polymer structure is one of the favourable options to enhance the conductivity and stability of a polymer. In this study, the azobenzene-linked nanowires were fabricated on three different solid electrodes by engaging electrooxidation to induce oxidative coupling. The formation of azobenzene-link in polymer structures was investigated and discussed. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results revealed that the azobenzene-links were present in the polymeric structures. Besides that, the cyclic voltammograms proved the presence of azobenzene-linked and the nanowires shown to be stable upon repetitive scans. This study discovered that the nanowires formed a covalent bond on the surface of solid electrodes. Despite the differences in term of chemical composition between the electrodes, successful polymerisation had shown the potential of these electrodes to widely engage in areas such as energy storage and photonic devices. The photofunctionality and plausi.....

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Kajian ini memfokuskan tentang gajah dalam kehidupan masyarakat Melayu di Tanah Melayu, menjangkau tempoh sehingga tahun 1957. Tanah Melayu masih menggunakan khidmat gajah dalam pelbagai kegiatan terutama yang melibatkan urusan rasmi para pemerintah. Hal ini kerana gajah merupakan haiwan yang penting dalam sosiopolitik masyarakat Melayu pada zaman tradisional disebabkan oleh kepelbagaian fungsinya. Gajah seringkali dianggap sebagai ‘haiwan elit’ kerana banyak dimiliki oleh golongan bangsawan Melayu. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif dengan memberi penekanan melalui analisis dokumen dan manuskrip. Pengkaji membuat rujukan daripada Arkib Negara Malaysia dan Muzium Arkeologi Lembah Bujang dalam memperolehi sumber-sumber seperti Fail Setiusaha Kerajaan Negeri, Surat-Surat Persendirian (SP), akhbar, naskhah-naskhah Melayu lama, Colonial Office Record, Annual Reports, and States Enactment. Kajian turut dijalankan di beberapa perpustakaan awam seperti Perpustkaan Univer.....

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This concept paper is about character education framework within the context of multira-cial society in Malaysia. It discussed social development from the perspective of integrat-ed education. In the context of multiracial and multicultural society, character education is needed to address the issue of education from different social settings. As such, within the Malaysian context it is Malay, Chinese and Indian education blended together to de-velop social cohesive society in Malaysia. The unique aspect of multiracial and multiethnic society in Malaysia where each society inherited its own educational legacy is now bridged by a cohesive character education framework that makes a real Malaysian society though bound by racial element but united through cohesive values. Integrating universal values, and cultures that bind together different ethnics using common language, and approach is an integral part of character education framework..

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Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti pelaksanaan Pentaksiran Berasaskan Sekolah (PBS) dalam penghasilan catan murid-murid tingkatan dua di sebuah sekolah menengah di negeri Selangor. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk meneroka proses pelaksanaan pentaksiran, strategi pentaksiran yang digunakan dan aspek-aspek yang mempengaruhi pelaksanaan PBS. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam kajian ini ialah kajian kes kualitatif. Teori pembelajaran Konstruktivisme dan Model pendekatan Laura Chapman digunakan sebagai landasan teori dalam kajian. Seramai lima orang informan yang terdiri daripada guru opsyen Pendidikan Seni Visual dipilih. Data diperoleh daripada pemerhatian, temu bual dan analisis artifak. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dan interpretif. Dapatan kajian berdasarkan temu bual mendapati tema utama yang muncul dalam perlaksanaan PBS Pendidikan Seni Visual adalah pengetahuan, kemahiran dan kreativiti guru Pendidikan Seni Visual adalah kritikal dalam menentukan kejayaan PBS. .....

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The purpose of this research was to develop a benchmarking methodology for aiding medical organizations’ administrations in benchmarking and ranking available multiclass classification models to select the best one. Medical organizations have been facing difficulties in evaluating and comparing classification models. Experimental and case study research methods were adopted in this study. The new benchmarking methodology was proposed based on two stages. In first stage, a Decision Matrix (DM) was constructed based on the crossover of two groups of multi-evaluation criteria and 22 multiclass classification models. The matrix was evaluated using secondary datasets consisting of 72 samples of acute leukemia, including 5327 gens. In the second stage, multi-criteria decision-making techniques, namely, Best and Worst method (BWM) and Vlse Kriterijumska Optimizacija Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) were used to benchmark and ranked the multiclass classification models. The BWM was ap.....

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This study investigates the effectiveness of literature circles in assisting English as a second language (ESL) students to develop comprehension of the story in a graphic novel compared to a non-graphic novel. It also aims to examine the effectiveness of using role sheets in literature circles and identify the comprehension strategies produced by the students that effectively develop their comprehension of the texts. The conceptual framework of this study was based on constructivism. Case study method was employed and data were gathered from direct observations and interviews regarding the students’ participation in literature circles. The participants in this study were six form four students. The findings of this study showed that the students comprehended the graphic and non-graphic novels differently in literature circles and they implemented comprehension strategies to comprehend the texts. In addition, the data from the interviews highlighted the importance of role .....

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This research aimed to improve the fault tolerance of healthcare services provided for Chronic Heart Disease (CHD) patients living in remote areas. A new fault-tolerant mHealth framework was proposed to solve existing problems in healthcare services due to frequent failures in the telemedicine architecture. This study used an experimental research design that was carried out based on two stages. In the first stage, the researcher proposed a new algorithm known as Three-level Localization Triage (3LLT) to exclude the triage process from a medical center (Tier 3) and to overcome alarm failures related to Tier 1. In the second stage, the proposed framework was used to assist the decision maker to make the appropriate hospital selection based on a Multi-Criteria Decision Making technique, namely the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Two datasets were used comprising a dataset of 572 CHD patients and a dataset of hospitals healthcare services, which were used in the triage stage .....

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This study aimed to fabricate graphene oxide (GO)/titanium dioxide (TiO2) hybridbased material for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and membrane separation applications. The electrochemical exfoliation assisted by customized triple-tail sodium 1, 4-bis (neopentyloxy)-3-(neopentyloxycarbonyl)-1, 4-dioxobutane-2-sulphonate (TC14) and commercially available single-tail sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) surfactants were used to synthesize GO with water-based electrolyte and N, Ndimethylacetamide (DMAc) as solvents. The chemical reduction process utilizing hydrazine hydrate was then performed to produce reduced GO (rGO) which further hybridized with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The fabrication of DSSCs counter electrode (CE) was done by spraying deposition method on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) as substrate and also coated by thin platinum (Pt). Meanwhile, different variety of TiO2 nanostructures as DSSCs photoanode were synthesized by hydrothermal growth and squeegee.....

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