Essential oils are largely consumed as they are beneficial to humans as natural remedies and also for biomedical, cosmetic, food, veterinary, and agriculture applications. Litsea which includes around 200 species, is an important genus of the Lauraceae family due to its production of secondary compounds. It comprises several species and can serve as valuable medicinal plants, because of their biological and pharmacological properties. It has been used for a long time in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of diarrhea, stomachache, dyspepsia, gastroenteritis, diabetes, edema, cold, arthritis, asthma, pain, and traumatic injury. Litsea essential oils have been studied for their chemical compositions and biological activities. The present review is an attempt to collect and document the recent studies on essential oils of the genus Litsea. Information on the Litsea species was collected via electronic search (using Pubmed, SciFinder, Scopus, Google Scholar and Web of Science) a.....

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The design of this study was developed to examine the chemical composition, anticholinesterase and anti-inflammatory inhibitory activities of the essential oil of Dipterocarpus cornutus Dyer from Malaysia. Gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the essential oil revealed 20 components, representing 94.6% of the oil. The major components identified were α-gurjunene (50.6%), α-selinene (8.3%), spathulenol (5.7%), and bicyclogerma-crene (5.4%). Anticholinesterase and anti-inflammatory activity were also evaluated using the Ellman method and lipoxygenase (LOX) enzyme, respectively, in which the essential oil revealed weak inhibitory activity against the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (I%: 30.2%) and butyrylcho-linesterase (BChE) (I%: 32.5%), while moderate inhibitory activity was reported in the LOX (I%: 70.2%). The approach adopted in this study and results are reported for the first time which could be useful for the characterization, pharmace.....

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Peningkatan jumlah penduduk, pembangunan serta kekangan yang datangnya dari faktor fizikal menyebabkan permintaan terhadap bekalan air bersih bertambah sedangkan penawaran tidak seiring dengan pertambahan permintaan pengguna. Kajian ini dilakukan di Selangor, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur dan Putrajaya bertujuan menganalisis dan merumus persepsi pengguna terhadap kecekapan pengurusan bekalan air terawat. Data kajian diperolehi dengan menjalankan tinjauan terhadap 400 orang pengguna yang mendapatkan perkhidmatan bekalan air daripada pihak Syarikat Bekalan Air Selangor (SYABAS). Ujian Kruskal-Wallis, analisis Z statistik dan analisis korelasi Pearson diaplikasikan untuk tujuan menganalisis data. Kajian ini mendapati pengguna mempunyai persepsi bahawa tahap kecekapan pengurusan bekalan air di kawasan kajian adalah pada tahap sederhana cekap. Kajian ini juga menemui hubungan yang kuat antara faktor kemanusiaan dengan tahap kecekapan, terdapat hubungan yang sederhana antara f.....

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Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pengaruh amalan pembelajaran profesional terhadap kepimpinan guru kolej vokasional di negeri Perak. Pendekatan kuantitatif reka bentuk deskriptif korelasi telah digunakan dalam kajian ini. Sampel terdiri daripada 278 orang guru yang dipilih secara rawak mudah dari 10 buah kolej vokasional di negeri Perak. Data dianalisis menggunakan min, korelasi Pearson dan regresi pelbagai. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa tahap amalan pembelajaran profesional (min = 3.89, SP = .39) adalah pada tahap tinggi manakala kepimpinan guru (min = 4.16, SP = .33) pada tahap yang sangat tinggi. Analisis korelasi Pearson menunjukkan terdapat hubungan signifikan yang kuat antara amalan pembelajaran profesional dengan kepimpinan guru (r= .51, p = .01). Dapatan kajian turut menunjukkan bahawa pemboleh ubah amalan pembelajaran profesional pertama iaitu pembangunan portfolio (β = .36, p< .05) merupakan pengaruh utama terhadap kepimpinan guru diikuti dengan latihan (.....

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Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengetengahkan motif dan makna disebalik seni ukiran lepa masyarakat Bajau Semporna Sabah yang kurang diberi penekanan dan diketengahkan kepada umum khususnya generasi muda. Pengkajian juga menyelidik aspek budaya setempat yang mempengaruhi makna disebalik motif yang terhasil pada sebuah ukiran lepa. Kajian ini juga menggunakan kaedah penyelidikan kualitatif dan mengguna pakai kaedah temubual, pemerhatian, rakaman foto, video dalam menyelesaikan penyelidikan. Secara keseluruhannya didapati kajian ini telah menemukan penyelidik dengan motifmotif yang sinonim dengan ukiran lepa serta makna disebalik ukiran tersebut yang banyak berkait rapat dengan alam dan kehidupan seharian masyarakat Bajau Semporna. Ia menjadi salah satu cara seorang pengukir lepa untuk mengekspresikan kewujudan mereka kepada dunia luar yang mana ia banyak bergantung dengan latar belakang kehidupan mereka sebagai nelayan dan juga sebagai pelaut handalan. Kesimpulannya, masyarakat .....

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This case study was conducted qualitatively to explore and understand the process through Science Creative Teaching Design (SCTD) implementation. Seven informants including two Science teachers and five form two students from selected boarding school were involved in this research. Data were collected through in-depth semistructured interviews, observations, document analysis and field notes. The data were further analyzed through coding, categorizing and sub- themes to develop the main themes. This research found that, SCTD tool was feasible for Science teachers, improves both teachers’ and students’ emotions against stressful and less innovative teaching and learning. Informants have practiced almost all suggested creative strategies, hence, demonstrated creative teaching and learning and active teaching. Thinking culture was found amongst students and teachers as they attained creative thinking characteristics such as cognitive flexibility, originality thinking, fluen.....

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Kajian ini adalah bertujuan menilai Program Intervensi Tambah Opsyen (PITO) dalam kalangan guru Sejarah bukan opsyen di sekolah menengah dengan menggunakan model penilaian CIPP. Pengesahan instrumen penilaian menggunakan model pengukuran Rasch. Pendekatan kuantitatif dengan reka bentuk tinjauan telah digunakan dalam penilaian ini. Pemilihan subjek penilaian dijalankan secara census sampling iaitu melibatkan 247 orang guru bukan opsyen yang pernah mengikuti PITO Sejarah dari tahun 2011-2013 seluruh negara. Instrumen penilaian yang digunakan ialah borang soal selidik. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan inferensi. Analisis deskriptif menjelaskan sumber, aktiviti dan tahap kepuasan pengajaran guru, manakala statistik inferensi pula melibatkan ujian-t dan ANOVA yang menerangkan perbezaan dalam pembolehubah penilaian. Hasil penilaian menunjukkan bahawa sumber yang digunakan dalam PITO dan aktiviti yang dijalankan dalam PITO menyumbang ke arah peningkatan p.....

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Chemical composition and anticholinesterase activity of the essential oil of Pavetta graciliflora Wall. ex Ridl. (Rubiaceae) was examined for the first time. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and was fully characterized by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 20 components were identified in the essential oil, which made up 92.85% of the total oil. The essential oil is composed mainly of β-caryophyllene (42.52%), caryophyllene oxide (25.33%), β-pinene (8.67%), and α-pinene (6.52%). The essential oil showed weak inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (I%: 62.5%) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) (I%: 65.4%) assays. Our findings were shown to be very useful for the characterization, pharmaceutical, and therapeutic applications of the essential oil from P. graciliflora .  ..

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The chemical composition and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of the essential oil from the leaf of Cyathocalyx pruniferus growing in Pahang, Malaysia was investigated for the first time. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and fully characterized by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of thirty chemical components (95.5%) were successfully identified in the essential oil which was characterized by high proportions of α-pinene (25.4%), germacrene D (20.2%), β-caryophyllene (10.8%), and δ-cadinene (6.4%). Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity was evaluated against the Ellman method, and the essential oil showed good inhibition against acetylcholinesterase (Percentage inhibition: 75.5%) assay...

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This study was aimed to investigate the chemical compositions of the essential oils from Goniothalamus mac-rophyllusandGoniothalamusmalayanusgrowinginMalaysia. Theessentialoilswereobtainedbyhydrodistillationandfully characterized by gas chromatography (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Analyses of the essential oils from G. macrophyllus and G. malayanus resulted in 93.6 and 95.4% of the total oils, respectively. The major components of G. macrophyllus oil were germacrene D (25.1%), bicyclogermacrene (11.6%), α-copaene (6.9%) and δ-cadinene (6.4%), whereas in G. malayanus oil bicyclo-germacrene (43.9%), germacrene D (21.1%) and β-elemene (8.4%) were the most abundant components.  ..

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