Leptin is known to increase glucose metabolism and energy expenditure while insulin increases glucose uptake into peripheral tissue. However, in obese and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, high levels of both leptin and insulin are observed, indicating resistance to these two hormones in these individuals. It is unclear if elevated leptin levels are the cause of insulin resistance in these individuals. Physical exercise is known to be useful in the management of obesity and T2DM. It has been found that exercise can decrease bodyweight and increase glucose uptake in these individuals following exercise. This study aims to determine the effect of chronic leptin treatment and exercise on body weight, serum glucose and insulin levels of Sprague-Dawley rat. Eight-week old rats were treated with either intraperitoneal injection of normal saline (Control; n=8), or leptin (60 μg/kg body weight/day; Leptin; n=8), or leptin and exercise (60 μg/kg body weight/day plus running on a tread.....

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The purpose of this study is to analyse the needs of the Special Needs Career Transition Program in school. The Special Needs Students Career Transition Program was implemented to prepare the Special Needs Students with basic and vocational skills as well as individual employment aspects. The objective of the study were to (1) Identify the level of preparedness among Special Education Teachers in the implementation of the Career Transition Program for Special Needs students in the Special Education Integrated Program (SEIP), (2) Identify the Special Needs students preparedness level in implementing the Career Transition Program at SEIP, and (3) Identify the policy compliance and guidelines in the implementation of the Career Transition Program at SEIP. The research methodology uses the literature review method and case study to answer the research questions. The sample was used to review the case studies of implementation of the Career Transition Program in schools and the literature r.....

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Women are likely to leave the job sector as a result of the crisis between their commitments to the career with the household  interest.  In  response  to  this  issue,  this  study  aims  to  build  a  career  challenge  model  that  caters  to  the demand  among  women  in  this  century.  Hence,  this  study  has  identified  the  key  factors  to  the  challenges  faced  by female  engineers  in  pursuing  theircareer  as  an  engineer  through the  Delphi  Modified  Technique.  The  result  shows this study looking into the relationship between four independent constructs namely, life balance, childcare, leaves and gender discrimination. Meanwhile, the dependent construct of this study is career challenges faced by women. The scope of the study comprises female engineers with families  and 211 respondents  were selected to answer the questionnaire. The data obtained were analysed using the PLS-SEM 2.0 software via the algorithm,.....

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Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) acts as a coating material for a magnesium-layered hydroxide-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propionate (MLH-MPP) nanocomposite via spontaneous selfassembly. The resulting product is called a magnesium-layered hydroxide-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)pro pionate/carboxymethylcellulose (MLH-MPP/CMC) nanocomposite. The XRD pattern of the MLH-MPP/CMC nanocomposite showed that MPP was maintained in the interlayers of the MLH, thus confirming that CMC is only deposited on the surface of the MLH-MPP nanocomposite. These findings were also supported by FTIR spectra, SEM and TEM. TGA data showed that the thermal stability of the intercalated MPP was significantly enhanced compared to pure MPP and uncoated nanocomposite. The release of MPP from the interlayers of MLH-MPP/CMC nanocomposite showed slower release than did uncoated nanocomposite and followed pseudo– second-order kinetics. Since the herbicide, MPP was released from the synthesised nanocomposite in a sustained manner, thus, it .....

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This study examined the efficiency of callus induction on optimum concentrations of NAA (αnaphthaleneacetic acid) and BAP (6-benzyladenine) from culturing stem and leaf explants of finger eggplant (Solanum sp.) and investigated the phytochemical constituents of callus tissue. Seeds were sterilized by using 3 and 5 % Clorox solution, which gave the highest number of survival seeds (100 %) and were grown in vitro plantlets. The highest frequency of callus induction (100.00 ± 0.00 %) was obtained from stems and leaf explants that were excised from in vitro plantlets. The stem explants cultured on MS medium consisted of 1.0 mg/L NAA + 1.0 mg/L BAP, giving the maximum mean callus fresh weight (0.14 ± 0.05 g). Meanwhile, the leaf explants cultured on MS medium consisted of 0.5 mg/L NAA + 2.0 mg/L BAP, generating the maximum mean callus fresh weight (0.48 ± 0.10 g). The highest frequency of callus induction (88.00 ± 1.60 %) was obtained in solidified MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L .....

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Cai Yuanpei had conducted many overseas studies and investigations before and after the Revolution of 1911 and the May Fourth Movement. Despite many studies on his experience of studying in Europe and the States, the academic circles lacked attention to his experience of staying in Nanyang while he traveled between China and the West. In fact, Singapore and Penang of Nanyang were the main ports at the time, they were the essential waterway between the Asian continent and the western world. Cai Yuanpei passed through the region for a few times during his visitations to Europe and the States. This article traced back a number of transits and entries of Cai Yuanpei to Malaya and his footsteps including his schedule, activity, speech and his interactions with local Chinese people, and then analyzes the significance of his transit and activities from the perspective of overseas Chinese society. The article answers the questions such as how do Nanyang Chinese treated the visitations of this .....

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Purpose – Increasing diversity leads to local, national and transnational challenges requiring a novel and explicit problem-solving approach. Practical wisdom, which emerges from an integration knowledge and ability through religious awareness, can promote peaceful coexistence in diverse societies with adequate theological and educational infrastructures. This paper aims to critically examine practical wisdom as the religious awareness to underlying building harmony in the diverse society. Design/methodology/approach – Literature from refereed and peer-reviewed journals and articles was reviewed using thematic topic analysis to propose a model of the practical wisdom as a foundation for building harmony in a diverse society. Findings – This result shows that there are several discussions with specific objectives of practical wisdom as the result of core understanding of religious awareness underlying the potential solutions in the diverse society; the significant essence of pra.....

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This study examines the level of grammar content knowledge on punarriyal of Tamil grammar among the trainee teachers. This study is a survey using quantitative approach. A total of 92 Tamil language ISMP trainee teachers at one of the local universities were selected through a purposive sampling. Questionnaire was used as an instrument in this study. The questionnaire consists of 2 sections, part A and B. Part A is about the background of the sample, part B covers the Form Four Tamil grammar content knowledge. The data obtained were analysed using SPSS (Statistic Packages for Social Science) version 22.0. The findings show that, the study found the level of knowledge of Tamil grammar content at a moderately low level. The implication in the study found that the Tamil Language curriculum in the Ministry of Education Malaysia (KPM) had to formulate syllabus and syllabus description with emphasis on the importance of the Tamil grammar of punarriyal. Besides that, the trainee teachers and .....

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In this study, a new module for telemedicine architecture, namely Tier 4, was developed to provide intelligent data and services management in the telemedicine environment. For a suitable hospital to provide remote healthcare services, a new hospital selection framework based on multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) of Tier 4 was developed for chronic heart disease patients who lived in remote places. An experiment was conducted on the basis of three stages. Firstly, health data, such as electrocardiogram, oxygen saturation sensor, blood pressure monitor, and non-sensory measurement, were collected from 500 patients with different symptoms. The number of healthcare services representing the hospital status was collected from 12 hospitals located in Baghdad City. A decision matrix based on the crossover of ?multi-healthcare services‘ and ?hospital list‘ of Tier 4 was also constructed. Secondly, the hospitals were then ranked using MCDM techniques, namely the integrated An.....

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This research was carried out to validate a framework of game-based childhood obesity prevention. A mobile game titled Fight Obesity 2.0 was produced through a five-step gamification approach as an instance of the prevention framework. The game incorporated constructive alignment of intended prevention outcomes and structural game elements. The lean production strategy was deployed to produce a viable serious game with its paratextual materials. The design of the game was validated by 38 game designers through a playtesting session, while the content knowledge was validated by two pediatricians, one from China and another in Malaysia. The game also passed the age rating test under the International Age Rating Coalition. The effects of Fight Obesity 2.0 in actual prevention context was investigated through a non-equivalent control group pre-test / post-test quasiexperiment. Edumetric tests were conducted with 60 children at the kindergarten in the National Child Development .....

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