Pictorial Communication (KOMBAR) is an approach that can be used as an alternative method in training communication skills among children with special needs. This action research was conducted to investigate the effect of using KOMBAR approach in enhancing the development of receptive and expressive English language among children with special needs. Three students with autism disorder were selected for this study. The initial survey found that students with autism had difficulty communicating in English due to their limited vocabulary which prevented them from communicating in simple English. Observation methods are used when students perform activities using the KOMBAR approach. Meanwhile, pre and post tests were used to see changes in achievement in the methodology used for the receptive and expressive mastery of autism students in English.Data from the module given over 3 months were video recorded to see the effectiveness of the KOMBAR approach used in English teaching. The findin.....

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Hearing impairment is an area within special education. It is also one of the factors contributing to difficulty in learning at schools for children. Some students are also unable to communicate effectively with teachers. Linguistically, hearing impaired children are already having a tough time understanding the Malay subject, before adding on the two different hand codes. This study utilizes a quantitative descriptive research design where data was gathered from five schools in Malaysia, from different states. It would analyze hearing impaired student Bahasa Melayu achievement obtained from the five schools ranging from year 1 to year 6. The tests were divided into 2 sections which are comprehension and writing. Findings indicated that students did worse in their writing section compared to the comprehension section for both the mean and median analysis..

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One of the most frequent causes of learning difficulties in children is dyslexia. Dyslexia Association of Indonesia as a center of diagnostic and intervention of children with dyslexia has served more than 800 cases since 2005. However, studies on dyslexia in Indonesia were still very few comparing to the extent of the problem which need solutions. The study was conducted to know the demographic characteristics, behavioral problems, and IQ profile of children with dyslexia during the study period. Data were collected from medical record. There were 133 children with dyslexiaadministered in the study and dominantly male (76%). Most of them were diagnosed at the age of 4-6 year old (56.5%) and 7-9 year old (33.8%) with median age of diagnosis at 79months. About 49.6% were primary school students and 39.9% were preschoolers. Result showed that 3% of children have mild dyslexia, 33% have moderate dyslexia, 42% have severe dyslexia, 13% were at risk of dyslexia, and 9% have no severity defi.....

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The essential oil of the leaves of Sarcotheca laxa (Ridl.) Knuth was analysed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Thirty-two chemical components, comprising 97.4% of the total oil composition were identified. βCaryophyllene (24.5%), δ-cadinene (13.8%), germacrene D (8.6%), bicyclogermacrene (6.5%), and aromadendrene (5.2%) were the most abundant components of the essential oils of S. laxa. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were determined by 2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and lipoxygenase inhibition, respectively. The essential oil showed significant radical scavenging activity with 50% inhibition (IC ) values of 75.2 50 mg/mL and moderate anti-inflammatory activity with an IC value of 55.7 mg/mL. To the 50 best of our knowledge, this is the first study on the composition and bioactivities of the essential oil report concerning the genus Sarcotheca.  ..

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The chemical composition and the lipoxygenase activity of the leaves essential oil of Rothmannia macrophylla were determined via hydrodistillation. The essential oil was analysed by using gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) techniques. A total of 20 chemical components (98.3 %) were identified in the oil, which was dominated by oxygenated sesquiterpenes (73.1 %). The major components were τ-muurolol (38.4 %), β-eudesmol (20.9 %), α-cadinol (5.8 %), and δ-cadinene (5.7 %). The essential oil displayed moderate activity towards lipoxygenase activity with IC50 value of 50.5 μg/mL. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the initial study that had looked into the essential oil composition of R. macrophylla collected from Malaysia.  ..

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Xylopia L includes approximately 180 species and is an important genus of the annonacea family due to its production of secondary compounds. It comprises several species that are native to the African region and can serve as valuable medicinal plants thenks to their biological and phamacological properties. In fact, the local populations oftan use it for different medicinal purposes, such as for malaria, cough, stomachache, rheumatism and inflammation.  ..

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Essential oils are largely consumed as they are beneficial to humans as natural remedies and also for biomedical, cosmetic, food, veterinary, and agriculture applications. Litsea which includes around 200 species, is an important genus of the Lauraceae family due to its production of secondary compounds. It comprises several species and can serve as valuable medicinal plants, because of their biological and pharmacological properties. It has been used for a long time in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of diarrhea, stomachache, dyspepsia, gastroenteritis, diabetes, edema, cold, arthritis, asthma, pain, and traumatic injury. Litsea essential oils have been studied for their chemical compositions and biological activities. The present review is an attempt to collect and document the recent studies on essential oils of the genus Litsea. Information on the Litsea species was collected via electronic search (using Pubmed, SciFinder, Scopus, Google Scholar and Web of Science) a.....

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The design of this study was developed to examine the chemical composition, anticholinesterase and anti-inflammatory inhibitory activities of the essential oil of Dipterocarpus cornutus Dyer from Malaysia. Gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the essential oil revealed 20 components, representing 94.6% of the oil. The major components identified were α-gurjunene (50.6%), α-selinene (8.3%), spathulenol (5.7%), and bicyclogerma-crene (5.4%). Anticholinesterase and anti-inflammatory activity were also evaluated using the Ellman method and lipoxygenase (LOX) enzyme, respectively, in which the essential oil revealed weak inhibitory activity against the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (I%: 30.2%) and butyrylcho-linesterase (BChE) (I%: 32.5%), while moderate inhibitory activity was reported in the LOX (I%: 70.2%). The approach adopted in this study and results are reported for the first time which could be useful for the characterization, pharmace.....

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Peningkatan jumlah penduduk, pembangunan serta kekangan yang datangnya dari faktor fizikal menyebabkan permintaan terhadap bekalan air bersih bertambah sedangkan penawaran tidak seiring dengan pertambahan permintaan pengguna. Kajian ini dilakukan di Selangor, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur dan Putrajaya bertujuan menganalisis dan merumus persepsi pengguna terhadap kecekapan pengurusan bekalan air terawat. Data kajian diperolehi dengan menjalankan tinjauan terhadap 400 orang pengguna yang mendapatkan perkhidmatan bekalan air daripada pihak Syarikat Bekalan Air Selangor (SYABAS). Ujian Kruskal-Wallis, analisis Z statistik dan analisis korelasi Pearson diaplikasikan untuk tujuan menganalisis data. Kajian ini mendapati pengguna mempunyai persepsi bahawa tahap kecekapan pengurusan bekalan air di kawasan kajian adalah pada tahap sederhana cekap. Kajian ini juga menemui hubungan yang kuat antara faktor kemanusiaan dengan tahap kecekapan, terdapat hubungan yang sederhana antara f.....

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Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pengaruh amalan pembelajaran profesional terhadap kepimpinan guru kolej vokasional di negeri Perak. Pendekatan kuantitatif reka bentuk deskriptif korelasi telah digunakan dalam kajian ini. Sampel terdiri daripada 278 orang guru yang dipilih secara rawak mudah dari 10 buah kolej vokasional di negeri Perak. Data dianalisis menggunakan min, korelasi Pearson dan regresi pelbagai. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa tahap amalan pembelajaran profesional (min = 3.89, SP = .39) adalah pada tahap tinggi manakala kepimpinan guru (min = 4.16, SP = .33) pada tahap yang sangat tinggi. Analisis korelasi Pearson menunjukkan terdapat hubungan signifikan yang kuat antara amalan pembelajaran profesional dengan kepimpinan guru (r= .51, p = .01). Dapatan kajian turut menunjukkan bahawa pemboleh ubah amalan pembelajaran profesional pertama iaitu pembangunan portfolio (β = .36, p< .05) merupakan pengaruh utama terhadap kepimpinan guru diikuti dengan latihan (.....

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