Modeling the number of road accidents occurrence is a quite common topic in recent years. A number of studies have been developed with the aim to find the best model that gives better prediction. However, statistical patterns such as trend and seasonality of road accidents is rarely observed. Estimating the pattern of trend and seasonal will indirectly provide a better impact on prediction system. Traditionally, estimation of trend and seasonal patterns are made based on decomposition method. Yet, this type of estimation shows intangible predictions as the estimation are based on deterministic form. Therefore, structural time series (STS) approach is proposed to model the trend and seasonal pattern of road accidents occurrence. The STS approach offered a direct interpretation and allowed the time series component including trend and seasonal to vary over time. In this thesis the road accidents model is developed using the STS approach with the aim to observe the pattern of .....

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Context: Pre-exercise nutrient availability alters acute metabolic responses to exercise, which could modulate training responsiveness. Objective: To assess acute and chronic effects of exercise performed before versus after nutrient ingestion on whole-body and intramuscular lipid utilization, and postprandial glucose metabolism. Design: 1) Acute, randomised, crossover design (Acute Study); 2) 6-week, randomised, controlled design (Training Study). Setting: General community. Participants: Men with overweight/obesity (mean±SD, BMI: 30.2±3.5 kg?m-2 for Acute Study, 30.9±4.5 kg?m-2 for Training Study). Interventions: Moderate-intensity cycling performed before versus after mixedmacronutrient breakfast (Acute Study) or carbohydrate (Training Study) ingestion. Results: Acute Study - exercise before versus after breakfast consumption increased net intramuscular lipid utilization in type I (net change: -3.44±2.63% versus 1.44±4.18% area lipid staining, p < 0.01) and type II fibres .....

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The purpose of this study is to look and review the implementation of Physical Education and Health (PJK) teaching in secondary schools as well as factors that support teaching and learning. This PJK subject in school covers aspects of infrastructure and equipment as well as teachers' accountability and competency involved in the implementation of the teaching for this subject. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between teacher competency, accountability and teaching experience, options and graduation. The findings also show that there is a significant relationship between school facilities in the teaching and learning process of PJK. In conclusion, the effectiveness of the teaching and learning process in Physical Education and Health subjects depends on the competency, accountability of teachers and school infrastructure in planning well teaching sessions..

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Surface ozone (O3) in Peninsular Malaysia has shown an unusual increase over the last decade. High concentration of O3 is harmful to humans and plants. This research is conducted to study the variation and pattern of daily, weekly and monthly O3 for industrial, urban and suburban area in Perak, Malaysia. Hourly O3 data covering the period from 2013 to 2015 obtained from the Malaysian Department of Environment (DOE) were analysed using statistical methods. In addition, O3 correlation with meteorological factors was also determined. Daily variation shows that there was a significant difference between hourly data (p < 0.05) and recorded high concentration of O3 at noon. Monthly variation of O3 concentrations showed that there was a significant difference for monthly data (p < 0.05) where mostly, high reading was detected during southwest monsoon and dry season. There was no significant difference between O3 concentrations on weekdays and weekends (p > 0.05) for all three stations. This s.....

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This study is conducted to identify how the mentoring program is used in sports and how this mentoring program takes place in a sports organization. The population of this study was UPSI students representing the university football team. The selected sample consists of approximately 25 people. The sample consists of players representing the university from the beginning of the student's entry or who have recently been involved in representing the university, but still have background in playing high-level football. The instrument of this study is observation. Observation method is a research method used to measure the research variables. Observation is also an alternative in collecting data other than questionnaires and interviews. Using this method, researchers should observe their samples within a certain timeframe. Prior to observation, researchers need to make good and careful planning. Each observation must have specific purpose, systematically done, focused, and must be recorded.....

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The Atacama Desert ofNorthem Chile, the oldest and driest nonpolar desert on the planet, is known to harbour previously undiscovered actinobacterial taxa with the capacity to synthesize novel natural products. In the present study, culture-dependent and cultureindependent methods were used to :fin1:her our understanding of the extent of actinobacterial diversity in Atacama Desert habitats. The culture-dependent studies focused on the selective isolation, screening and dereplication of actinobacteria from high altitude soils from Cerro Chajnantor. Several strains, notably isolates designated H9 and H45, were found to produce new specialized metabolites. Isolate H45 synthesized six novel metabolites, lentzeosides A-F, some of which inhibited HIV-l integrase activity. Polyphasic taxonomic studies on isolates H45 and H9 showed that they represented new species of the genera Lentzea and Streptomyces, respectively; it is proposed that these strains be designated as Lentzea chajnan.....

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Sport coaches play a crucial role in contributing to individual and team performance. Unlike the  scientific study of athlete development,  scant attention has been paid to the intricacies of coach  development across the full spectrum of coaching levels. In the current research the defining stage  development characteristics of A, B and C license soccer (hereafter referred to as football)  coaches in Australia and Malaysia, were interviewed  about their development journey, especially  dating back to their first involvement in football through to the present.   Methods This research was guided by evolved grounded theory (EGT), (Strauss & Corbin, 1990) principles.  Evolved grounded theory was used and is well suited to developing an understanding of the  complexities of sport coaching development (Pellegrino, Chudowsky, & Glaser, 2001). Furthermore,  EGT is inherently adaptable and is data driven but with the capacity to consider relevant research  with a view .....

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Learning in Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) necessitates learners to be capable of self-regulating their learning in order to oversee and adapt their behaviour and actions in certain learning settings. Studies have highlighted that learners who have good control of self-regulation in their learning, either formal or informal learning contexts, utilise more competent learning strategies in online learning context. Nevertheless, MOOCs attract a diverse range of learners, each with different experience and satisfaction. The aim of this study is to examine the role of self-regulated learning (SRL) and its components (time management, planning, self-evaluation, and help-seeking) on learners’ satisfaction in MOOC. Data were collected from 281 learners of a Malaysia MOOC namely Asas Keusahawanan (Introduction to Entrepreneurship), in the second semester of the Malaysian universities academic calendar. A cross-sectional web-based survey was applied and a Partial Least Square (PLS) approa.....

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The activities of urban farming in Southeast Asia are still very limited and dispersed. In order to give valuable insights in relation to urban farming activities in Southeast Asia and to support researchers, there is a need to know in details the available options and gaps in this research direction. Thus, this study is conducted using a structured literature review to provide a coherent taxonomy and future research direction. This research focuses on the following subject matters: urban farming activities, technology application for urban farming and their use in the urban farms and smallholder farming activities in Southeast Asia. The process of reviewing literatures started with selecting the three major digital databases, namely, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Scopus. The study selection process consists of research into literature sources, followed by three iterations of screening and filtering, excluded duplicate articles, screening the titles and abstracts and reading of th.....

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This paper focuses on the theory and concept of Professional Learning Community (PLC/KPP) and its strategies on students’ achievement in public university and institutes of teacher education. Professional Learning Community has specific strategies to improve student achievement. PLC refers to the education institution’s culture that encourages continuous learning among educators in their institutions. The teaching culture is not considered as an individual’s job but it is more about obtaining criticism and performing improvements. Lecturers play an important role in ensuring that their students’ future is brighter and more outstanding. Thus, the effective strategies are: to emphasise a lecturer’s skills and knowledge, build quality relationships, arrange a very focused program, mobilise existing resources, and develop a shared leadership. Methodology: The understanding of PLC concepts and all related theories is derived from in-depth reading through primary sources, which are.....

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