The Niah Caves are an important archaeological site that supports a resident population and is host to a large and growing number of visitors. Close monitoring, strict regulations and careful management will be required in the long term to avoid pressures and threats from urban expansion, plantations, resource use, village growth, excessive tourist infrastructure and use, and service development. However, the absence of a formally written conservation and management plan prior to 2022 has left the heritage conservation and management of the Niah Cave site insufficient in addressing its management challenges. Hence, this paper analyses the conservation and management plan for the site through systematic observation, site analysis, and stakeholder interviews. The research focuses on documentation and recording, assessing the site’s importance, identifying all factors and issues, defining management policy, selecting management strategies, and monitoring and reviewing the plans for the .....

197 hits

Humour in English Language Teaching (ELT) is known to be beneficial for both the educators and students. However, the literature addressing the types of humour used by Malaysian lecturers in higher education on this matter are yet to be explored. To address these issues, the study focusses to explore on the types of humour used in ELT by Malaysian lecturers in relation to the four types of humour: verbal, visual, auditory and figural humour. The research design is a qualitative study which implements two instruments; classroom observation and semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis will be used to analyse the data. The results from the study show that there are three types of humour commonly used: verbal humour, visual humour and auditory humour. The data analysis indicates that there are four factors which influence the types of humour used in the classroom: humour used for content delivery, humour to build rapport, humour to attract attention and humour to instil discipline. ©.....

227 hits

Augmented Reality (AR) has become a key technology in the education sector, offering interactive learning experiences that improve student engagement and understanding. Despite its increasing use, a thorough summary of AR research in educational environments is still required. This study applies bibliometric analysis to identify trends in this research field. Data from the Scopus database and VOSviewer software version 1.6.19 was used to analyze academic publications from 2018 to 2023. The original dataset of 4858 articles was narrowed down to 1109 articles concentrating on “augmented reality” AND “simulation” in student learning. Methods such as advanced data mining, co-citation analysis, and network visualization were utilized to outline the structure and trends in this research area. Key findings include a significant rise in research activity over the past decade, identification of the ten most prolific authors in AR simulation studies, and detailed visualizations of inform.....

200 hits

This research aims purposes to design and develop a digital-based e-module with ethnoastronomy content for junior high school students. We used a Design-Based Research (DBS) approach with four steps: needs analysis, design planning, development, and reflection on results of use. We used questionnaires, field notes, literature studies, and documentation for social studies teachers. The results showed that the preparation of e-modules refers to the applicable curriculum and pays attention to the analysis of learning needs. E-module design is very good as interactive teaching material, concrete, implementable, characteristic practical, and economical, making it easier for students to understand. The enthusiasm of social studies teachers in improving pedagogical technology competence following the demands of independent, adaptive, and contextual professional teacher competence supports the successful use of e-modules. The research implications increase the variety of interactive teaching m.....

108 hits

Over the past three decades, Nigeria has experienced unstable domestic investment and foreign direct investment inflows, and the country continues to face rising corruption and related problems. An ARDL technique has been adopted to explore the long-term FDI’s impact on domestic investment including evaluating if the FDI-domestic investment nexus is dependent on the control of corruption in Nigeria over this period. The bounds test result shows an evidence of a long-term relation amongst FDI, domestic investment and corruption control (including GDP per capita, lending rate, exchange rate and oil price). We find that increasing inward FDI reduces (crowd-out) domestic investment and greater corruption control (lowering corruption) leads to a higher domestic investment in Nigeria over the long-term. Also, the influence of FDI on domestic investment depends on (or varies with) the control of corruption. FDI crowd-in domestic investment at greater corruption control than at lesser corrup.....

54 hits

Background or Objective: This paper delves into the dichotomy of Kratom in Malaysia, designated as an illegal substance under the Poison Act 1952. Amidst heightened concerns regarding Kratom usage, debates revolve around balancing perceived benefits and potential adverse effects, particularly in pain management. Employing the perceived risk theory, the study aims to scrutinize the intention to legalize Kratom. Methods: Data from 335 respondents form the basis of the study. The perceived risk theory serves as the framework for understanding the complexities of Kratom legalization to legalize in Malaysia. The study employs a structured questionnaire to assess social, financial, physical, psychological, and performance risks. Results: The findings indicate significant impacts of social, financial, physical, and psychological risks on behavioral intentions toward Kratom legalization. However, performance risk does not exhibit a significant impact on the intention to legalize Kratom. Conclu.....

43 hits

Introduction. In Malaysia, tobacco-related causes of death have claimed an estimated 27,400 lives annually, and that number is anticipated to climb in the coming years. Despite laws in Malaysia banning smoking in public areas, restrictions on tobacco sponsorship, promotion, and advertising in all media, as well as Graphic Warning Labels (GWLs) on cigarette packets and restricting the legal smoking age to 18 years, it is well-known that children and teenagers are involved and youth tobacco usage is rising. As there is a rise in the prevalence of tobacco use so is the call for effective school-based tobacco prevention and cessation program for children and teenagers. The study set out to understand the current level of knowledge, attitude, and behaviour of children and teenagers towards tobacco use and possible change through psycho-education and counselling towards prevention and cessation. Study participants and methods. This study adopted a pre and post Mixed Method Triangulation Desi.....

114 hits

The problem and the aim of the study. Classroom Assessment (CA) is as part of School-Based Assessment (SBA), which reflects students' achievement in mastering Learning Standards. However, the issue of teacher competency is a significant concern in CA to ensure quality CA implementation. It is important for subject teachers to engage in self-evaluation and lifelong learning to enhance their assessment skills. While self-assessment is crucial for Home Science teachers, there is currently no standardized instrument available for this purpose. This study aims to develop a self-assessment instrument to evaluate the competency of Home Science Teachers in classroom assessment. Research methods. This study utilizes qualitative and quantitative research methods. Qualitative research method is employed during need analysis and requirement analysis phase for self-assessment instrument development using semi-structured interviews with three experts in Home Science. With these data, the self-assess.....

116 hits

In the rapidly changing climate of arid desert regions, evaluating the comprehensive characteristics of humidity levels is crucial for agricultural, urban, and infrastructural planning, as well as for minimizing potential public health impacts. We investigated variability and trends of humidity levels in major Saudi Arabian cities during 1982–2022, focusing on the influence of meteorological factors such as average, maximum and minimum temperature, rainfall, and windspeed. Employing the Probability Density Function and descriptive statistics, variability of climatic factors was analyzed. The Mann–Kendall Test (MKT) and Innovative Trend Analysis (ITA) were employed to identify monthly and annual trends. The magnitude and changing patterns were determined by calculating Sen’s Slope and ITA slope. Findings of the MKT and ITA showed similar trends in humidity levels across all the cities. ITA result revealed that humidity in Riyadh and Taif decreased at a rate of 0.012% and 0.016% pe.....

115 hits

Purpose: Although the importance of entrepreneurial culture (EC) has been recognized, it remains unclear how EC affects sustainable competitive performance (SCP). This study aims to explore how EC affects SCP via the mediating role of innovation capability (IC) and the moderating role of digital marketing capability (DMC). Design/methodology/approach: Based on data gathered from manufacturing small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia, the proposed model was tested using partial least squares structural equation modeling via SmartPLS software. Findings: The analysis results indicate that EC affects IC, which in turn has a positive effect on SCP. In addition, IC mediates the EC-SCP relationship. Importantly, DMC positively moderates the EC–SCP relationship. Research limitations/implications: This study combines IC, DMC and SCP under resource-based view and dynamic capabilities theory into a single framework. Results confirm EC's impact on SMEs' manufacturing sector SCP, wit.....

121 hits