The aim for this research is to investigate the short-run dynamic and long-run relationship between the independent variables (EXCR, GDP, and BMGR) and dependent variable (TB), and to identify which independent variable (EXCR, GDP, or BMGR) has the most significant effect on the dependent variable (TB), by using an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) as the research_s approach. The idea that trade balance in Malaysia is not only affected by EXCR, but also by GDP and BMGR. Using the data from Malaysia, covering the years 1975 to 2023, the results indicate that EXCR, GDP, and BMGR significantly influence the trade balance, both in the short and long run. EXCR and GDP play pivotal roles, with the former directly affecting trade competitiveness and the latter shaping overall economic performance. Meanwhile, BMGR contributes to the financial environment impacting trade. This research also provides valuable guidance for policymakers and stakeholders to enhance Malaysia_s economic and trade.....

531 hits

This study investigates the factors influencing Fuel Oil Consumption (FOC) in Malaysia, focusing on Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Population (POP), and Fuel Oil Prices (FOP) over the period from 1980 to 2023. Utilizing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model, the research explores both short-term and long-term relationships between these variables. The findings reveal that FOP plays a critical role in determining FOC, exhibiting a significant negative relationship in the long term, while GDP and POP demonstrate limited influence. This suggests that Malaysia_s FOC is more sensitive to pricing mechanisms than to economic growth or demographic changes. Additionally, the analysis highlights a moderate speed of adjustment to equilibrium after disruptions, reflecting the resilience of Malaysia_s energy market but also underscoring its vulnerabilities to global oil price volatility. These results emphasize the importance of dynamic pricing strategies, energy diversification, and effic.....

268 hits

This study explores the impact of key macroeconomic factors_GDP, unemployment rate, and exchange rate_on the foreign labour force in Malaysia over the period from 1995 to 2023. The research investigates both short-term and long-term relationships between these variables by using the ARDL approach. Data from the Department of Statistics Malaysia and the World Bank were utilized, with variables transformed into natural logarithms for better interpretation. The findings highlight that GDP growth positively influences the demand for foreign labour, particularly in labour-intensive sectors like construction and manufacturing. A higher unemployment rate tends to reduce foreign labour inflows as local workers fill available positions, while a weaker Malaysian Ringgit enhances the attractiveness of working in Malaysia due to increased remittance value. Long-term trends show that economic growth continues to drive foreign labour demand, while exchange rate fluctuations exert a more limited but .....

400 hits

The study examines the impact of domestic investment on economic growth in Malaysia together with the labour force and foreign direct investment. This study has used the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model to analyse the annual data over fifty-three years, testing unit roots of the variables, cointegration, and long- and short-run relationships. The results of this study highlight that there is long run cointegration among variables of domestic investment (DI), labour force (LAB), foreign direct investment (FDI), and economic growth (GDP) in Malaysia. Labour force and foreign direct investment has a positive impact on Malaysia_s economic growth in the long run, but domestic investment shows the opposite. Furthermore, all the variables (DI, LAB, FDI) have positive impact on economic growth in the short run. The findings suggest that policies should improve its investment efficiency and productivity, enhance financing access for domestic investment, and provide more tax incentive.....

235 hits

This study aimed to fabricate polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/graphene oxide (GO)/titanium dioxide (TiO₂)-based nanofiltration (NF) membrane and durian shell based-activated  carbon (DAC) for water treatment application. The electrochemical exfoliation assisted by  customized double-tail sodium bis(3,5,5-trimethyl-1-hexyl) sulphosuccinate  (AOT4)  and   triple-tail  sodium  1,4-bis(neopentyloxy)-3-(neopentyloxycarbonyl)-1,4-dioxobutane-2-sulphonate  (TC14) surfactants were used to synthesize GO with N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) as solvent. The  fabrication of PVDF/GO/TiO₂-based NF membrane was done via non-solvent induced phase separation  method by utilizing DMAc_GO based and TiO₂ as an additives and also PVDF as a main polymer  material. On the other hand, durian shell was used to produce DAC by utilizing sulphuric acid as an  activator agent via chemical activation method. The NF membrane samples via dead-end cell  measurement as membrane separation wer.....

172 hits

This study investigates the macroeconomic determinants of money demand (M2) in Malaysia over the period 1980 to 2023. Using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach, the analysis explores the relationship between money demand and key economic variables, including Gross Domestic Product (GDP), interest rates (IR), inflation (INF), and the shadow economy (SE). The study ensures stationarity through unit root tests and examines long-run relationships using cointegration tests. The results reveal significant dynamics in both the longrun and short-run, with inflation and the shadow economy identified as key drivers of money demand. These findings highlight the role of both the formal and informal sectors in influencing monetary policy...

337 hits

Pada zaman modenisasi ini, perkembangan digital dan pelaburan langsung asing telah meningkatkan kebergantungan sesetengah negara terhadap faktor-faktor tersebut. Bagi negara seperti Malaysia, pendigitalan seperti penggunaan internet dan selular mudah alih boleh dianggap masih baru digunakan berbanding negara-negara maju yang lain. Impak faktor-faktor ini tergantung kebergantungan ekonomi sesebuah negara terhadap pembolehubahpembolehubah ini. Selain itu, keadaan ekonomi juga merupakan antara faktor yang mampu mempengaruhi kebergantungan negara terhadap faktor-faktor ini. Oleh yang demikian, tujuan kajian ini dijalankan adalah untuk mengkaji kesan pendigital dan pelaburan langsung asing terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Malaysia. Pembolehubah Langganan Internet Pengguna dan Langganan Selular Mudah Alih digunakan sebagai penunjuk bagi pendigitalan. Manakala, aliran masuk pelaburan langsung asing digunakan sebagai penunjuk pelaburan langsung asing. Data tahunan bagi setiap pembolehubah diper.....

306 hits

Unemployment is a vital indicator of a country's economic health. A country's high unemployment rate, especially youth unemployment indicates that its economy is not competitive. This study examines the drivers of youth unemployment using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model, focusing on macroeconomic factors namely, inflation rate, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), population, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), and education expenditure. This study makes Malaysia the country studied with the use of annual time-series data spanning from 1970 to 2023, with the aim of exploring both long-run and short-run relationships between dependent variables and independent variables. The results of this study reveal that inflation has a significant inverse relationship with youth unemployment, while FDI shows an insignificant negative relationship with youth unemployment. Population and GDP shows a significant positive relationship with youth unemployment, while education expenditure exhibits .....

1133 hits

The goal of this study was to look at the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) and foreign remittances on unemployment in Malaysia and Philippines. The data covers Malaysia and Philippines from 1987 until 2022. This study employed EViews 10 and the ARDL approach to gather both long-run and short-run estimates. The study used unemployment as a dependent variable and FDI and foreign remittances as independent variables. The real effective exchange rate, GDP growth rate, exports, and inflation rate are controlled variables. This study examines the link between unemployment, foreign direct investment, foreign remittances, inflation, exports, GDP growth rate, and the exchange rate in Malaysia and the Philippines. Besides, this study also investigates the cointegration between the endogenous variable and exogenous variables. Thus, also estimate the short-run dynamic relationship between the endogenous variable and exogenous variables and estimate the long-run dynamic relationship betwee.....

427 hits

Pelestarian bahasa merupakan sebuah kajian yang kompkes untuk memahami bagaimana sesuatu bahasa itu boleh dikembangkan,dipelihara dan dijaga agar tidak mengalami proses keterancaman. Proses peralihan bahasa dalam kalangan Masyrakat Kadazandusun terutama sekali pelajar di Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idirs telah membawa kepada penggunaan kerancaman bahasa sehingga mempengaruhi bahasa ibunda yang sedia iaitu Bahasa Kadazandusun (BKD).Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mengenal pasti kepentingan Bahasa Kadazandusun dalam sistem pendidikan di Malaysia, mengkaji peranan Program Minor Bahasa Kadazandusun dalam melestarikan Bahasa Kadazandusun dan menganalisis isu dan cabaran yang dihadapi oleh program ini.Kajian ini menggunakan metodologi kajian kualitatif dengan menggunakan temubual sebagai instrumen utama kajian.Dapatan kajian mendapati bahawa kepentingan BKD ddalam sistem pendidikan di Malaysia adalah pemeliharaan warisan budaya dan identiti, perkembangan akademik dan penyelidikan, serta pe.....

419 hits