The purpose of this study was to investigate the essential oils, phytochemicals, and biological activities of Lindera subumbellifora and Lindera caesia (Lauraceae). The essential oils were obtained from the leaves part using hydrodistillation technique and their chemical compositions were determined using gas chromatography (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) methods. Cold extraction of the leaves and roots of L. subumbellifora was employed followed by isolation of phytochemicals using gravity column chromatography techniques. The chemical structures of phytochemicals were confirmed by comparison with literature and spectroscopic data. The antioxidant and antibiofilm activities were investigated using DPPH free radical scavenging and semi-quantitative static biofilm assay, respectively. A total of 28 components (99.6%) were successfully identified from the leaf oil of L. subumbelliflora which mainly consisted of _-eudesmol (14.6%), cis-_-bergamotene (11.0%), _-cop.....

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This study aims to develop a valid STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics) textbook integrating character education with local wisdom themes for primary school students. The usability of STEAM textbooks in terms of formats and content suitability, objective accessibility teaching and learning process feasibility, and the teacher_s satisfaction was also studied. Design and Development Research (DDR) was used as the research design based on the ADDIE model as a development model. Three experts were consulted to validate the STEAM textbook and 58 mathematics teachers from the Perak Tengah district participated in the usability survey. The instruments used in this study are the validation form and usability questionnaire. The data were analysed descriptively with percentage, mean and standard deviation. The results show the STEAM textbook has excellent validity with 90% agreement from the experts. The usability of a STEAM textbook was good with a mean of 4.21 (SD = 0.....

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Bowing technique is an important aspect of double bass playing because it affects the tone, articulation, and expression of the instrument. The ability to execute virtuosic solo works on a double bass demands a significant amount of practice in addition to a high level of competence. This study investigated the fundamental approach of the righthand bowing technique in the musical selections of J.S Bach, J.B Vanhal and G. Bottesini which specifically include dynamic delivery and articulation. There are two outcomes of this study; (1) is in the form of the dissertation, while; (2) is in the form of two recitals that breaks down into two performances of Recital I and II. There are three research objective of this study. The first is to identify the bowing technical challenges in the selected works of J.S. Bach, J.B. Vanhal, and G.Bottesini. The second is to develop bowing techniques in the selected works of J.S. Bach, J.B. Vanhal, and G.Bottesini. The third is to perform the selected work.....

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This study aimed to explore the current laboratory practices in managing biomedical testing services in Malaysia and to develop a laboratory referral system prototype. This study is divided into two phases: i) a need analysis of biomedical testing services offered and current laboratory practices, and ii) prototype development of a laboratory referral system. The responses of 24 ISO15189 accredited laboratories were obtained through the WHO Laboratory Quality Stepwise Implementation questionnaire. The laboratory referral system framework was designed based on the responses obtained in the first phase using the IBM Garage methodology to centralise the laboratory workflow using a digital platform. A laboratory referral system prototype was developed using a Rapid Application Development method and validated through user acceptance testing. Our findings revealed nine categories of biomedical testing services offered by participating laboratories. Most laboratories face challenges in cater.....

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Photocatalyst attracted enormous attention due to its ability to fully degrade hazardous contaminants. This research work aimed to synthesis binary hybrid photocatalyst consists of iron (III) oxide (Fe2O3) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO): FG (1:1), FG (1:2), FG (2:1). The effect of polyaniline (PANI) addition was also studied in ternary hybrid photocatalyst: PFG (1:1), PFG (1:2), PFG (2:1). The synthesis process was carried out via oxidation method assisted by ultrasonication technique. The photocatalyst samples were characterised using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) with the EDX analysis, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-DRS) and Photoluminescence Spectroscopy (PL). FTIR and XRD proved the presence of rGO and Fe2O3 in all FG photocatalysts while PFG photocatalysts have rGO, Fe2O3 and PANI. The FESEM analysis showed the distribution of.....

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Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur tahap pengetahuan dan kemahiran kewarganegaraan digital serta kreativiti digital bagi nilai literasi digital dalam kalangan pelajar tingkatan empat kawasan bandar dan luar bandar di Perak. Kajian ini memfokuskan kepada lapan elemen daripada Kerangka Kerja Kecerdasan Digital (DQ) iaitu, identiti digital, penggunaan digital, keselamatan digital, pengawasan digital, emosi kecerdasan digital, komunikasi digital, literasi digital dan hak digital. Seramai 444 orang pelajar tingkatan empat di beberapa buah daerah di Perak telah dipilih berdasarkan persampelan rawak strata dan instrumen borang soal selidik telah diedarkan menggunakan platform Google Form. Hasil daripada tinjauan mendapati bahawa tahap pengetahuan kewarganegaraan digital pelajar di Perak adalah berada pada kedudukan yang baik. Analisis juga merekodkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kemahiran dan nilai literasi digital dalam kalangan pelajar tingkatan empat di Perak. Walau bagaimanap.....

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This study aimed to incorporate Fe and gC3N4 into Mesoporous Titania Nanoparticles (MTN) and investigate photodegradation of Dibenzothiophene (DBT). MTN with various aging time (x = 2, 4, 6 and 8 days) were synthesized via sol-gel method before being incorporated with 5wt% Fe (5Fe/MTN-x) and 5wt% gC3N4 (5FeMTNx/ 5gC3N4) using wet-impregnation method. The photocatalysts were characterized using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) with EDX analysis, UV-Visible Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UVDRS), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Surface Area Analysis (BET), Photoluminescence Spectroscopy (PL) and Raman Spectroscopy. Photocatalytic performance was evaluated through DBT photodegradation under ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation for 180 min. Parameters such as H2O2 volume, DBT concentration and photocatalyst dose were manipulated with prolonging the reaction time to 240 min. The results of XRD showed the formation of MTN with the p.....

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Makalah ini memberi tumpuan terhadap isu pencerobohan penjajah di Tanah Jawa yang terdapat dalam Babad Tanah Jawa dan Arus Balik. Babad Tanah Jawa ialah sebuah buku klasik hasil sastera Jawa yang asalnya bernama Babad Tanah Djawi. Teks ini mula disunting pada tahun 1884 namun pengkaji dalam makalah ini akan menggguna pakai versi yang disunting oleh M. Ramlan, 1975. Arus Balik pula merupakan sebuah novel yang ditulis oleh Pramoedya Ananta Toer pada tahun 1995. Novel ini merupakan sebuah epik pasca-kejayaan Nusantara sebagai kesatuan dan kekuatan Maritim pada awal abad ke-16. Tujuan makalah ini ditulis adalah untuk membandingkan kedua-dua buah teks tersebut dari sudut latar kemasukan penjajah ke Tanah Jawa berlandaskan pendekatan tematik. Pendekatan tematik ialah satu kaedah membandingkan antara sebuah karya sastera dengan sebuah atau sekelompok karya sastera lain berasaskan subjek atau unsur naratif yang pusat atau dominan. Hasil penelitian mendapati bahawa tiga faktor utama yang menjad.....

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Makalah ini membincangkan latar belakang seorang pengkaji bahasa Melayu dalam kalangan sarjana dari Barat iaitu William Marsden (1754 -1836 M) yang dikumpul menerusi kajian kepustakaan. Di samping itu, makalah ini turut membahas tentang penglibatan beliau yang paling ketara dalam memperkembangkan bahasa Melayu. Bagi tujuan yang pertama, penelitian telah dilakukan dengan memetik secara langsung maklumat dari sumber-sumber kepustakaan manakala bagi tujuan kedua pula, penelitian telah dibuat terhadap kamus susunan beliau iaitu A Dictionary of the Malayan Language (1812). Hasil penelitian telah menemukan beberapa maklumat mengenai latar belakang sarjana ini yang boleh dikaitkan dengan dorongan kepada penglibatan beliau dalam perkembangan bahasa Melayu. Di samping itu, penelitian terhadap kamus tersebut jelas memperlihatkan penglibatan langsung beliau khususnya dalam usaha menggunakan bahasa Melayu secara tidak formal dan mempromosi bahasa Melayu kepada orang-orang Barat. Maklumat daripada .....

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Kajian ini difokuskan pada analisis kepengarangan Mana Sikana dalam kumpulan cerpen “Cinta Junjungan”. Objektifnya adalah untuk meneliti kehadiran subjek dan persoalan dalam karya tersebut serta menghuraikan perlanggaran yang mungkin terdapat dalam cerpen-cerpen tersebut. Teori Teksdealisme telah diaplikasikan, iaitu prinsip kehadiran dan pelanggaran telah diberikan tumpuan. Reka bentuk kajian kualitatif dengan kaedah kepustakaan dan analisis kandungan telah digunakan. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa Mana Sikana menggunakan pelbagai sumber untuk menghasilkan cerpen-cerpen berikut, termasuk pengalaman peribadi, penyelidikan, pembacaan, persekitaran, penglihatan, pendengaran dan latar belakang pekerjaan. Subjek-subjek yang diutarakan dalam cerpen-cerpen tersebut termasuklah isu keagamaan, patriotisme, sejarah dan politik. Ini menunjukkan bahawa pengarang berusaha untuk menyampaikan pelbagai isu yang relevan dan penting dalam masyarakat. Selain itu, kajian juga mengenal pasti adanya.....

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