Artikel ini membincangkan model pengeluaran optimum cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) melalui fungsi pengeluaran Cobb Douglas dalam penghasilan bioetanol. Bagi membentuk dan menilai model optimum cassava dalam penghasilan bioetanol, beberapa pembolehubah utama telah berjaya dikenalpasti. Pembolehubah ini termasuklah ruang tanaman, baja dan buruh. Pemilihan model optimum adalah berdasarkan penelitian beberapa rangkaian model pengeluaran. Penggunaan praktikal fungsi pengeluaran memerlukan beberapa andaian, terutamanya bentuk fungsi teknologi pengeluaran, imbalan ikut skala, sifat-sifat hambatan teknologi dan fungsi pasaran. Berdasarkan pertimbangan yang dinyatakan, model optimum cassava berdasarkan kaedah calibration melalui fungsi pengeluaran Cobb Douglas dibangunkan bagi menganggar parameter pengeluaran bioetanol daripada cassava. Kata kunci Model pengeluaran optimum cassava, fungsi pengeluaran Cobb Douglas dan kaedah Calibration..

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Low-frequency noise measurement is a scientific technique which is capable of probing down to localized microscopic phenomena of electron devices. It can be used as a diagnostic tool in application concerning the reliability of electron devices. In this research, a low-frequency noise measurement (LFNM) setup to measure 1/f noise is designed, developed and validated. The measurement setup consists of a biasing circuit, a transimpedance amplifier and a dynamic signal analyzer. Two metal boxes were used to shield the setup from signal interference. A LabView-based program is developed to extract the noise power spectral density data from the dynamic signal analyzer for further analysis. Validation of the measurement setup was made by measuring the thermal noise of two standard resistors. The obtained results were similar to the theoretical values. Keywords low-frequency noise measurement, 1/f noise, noise power spectral density..

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The population survivorship and demographic parameters of the predatory asopin bug, Cantheconidea furcellata (Wolff.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), was determined using larvae of selected species, individually or in combinations, as prey under laboratory conditions of 28 _ 2_C, 60-80% RH and a photoperiod of 12L:12D. Initial mortality of the nonfeeding first instar nymph occurred between 3rd and 4th day after emergence. The female bugs when fed on mealworms, Tenebrio molitor (L) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) alone, showed the longest lifespan (40 days). However, the lifespan shortened to 35-36 days when the bugs were fed rice moth larvae, Corcyra cephalonica Stainton (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) or supplemented with banana leaf rollers, Erionata thrax (L.) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Fecundity of the female bugs was influenced by the food preyed upon. Total number of eggs laid was the highest (1013 eggs) when the bugs fed on the mealworms, whereas 349 and 901 eggs were produced on rice moth lar.....

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The Schiff_base ligand 2,6_diacetylpyridine_di_(1R)_(-)_fenchone diazine (9) was prepared by heating 2,6_diacetyl_pyridine (7) and fenchone hydrazone (8) in boiling ethanol in the presence of acetic acid as the catalyst for 28 h. Treatment of (9) with [Mo(CO)4(nbd)] or [W(CO)4(nbd)] in benzene at 80 0C gave the tetracarbonylmolybdenum(0) (10) or tetracarbonyltungsten(0) (11). The complexes (10) and (11) showed that the diazine (9) acted as a bidentate chelating ligand bonded through the pyridyl nitrogen and only one of the imino nitrogen donor atoms of the ligand involved in the bonding. However, diazine (9) acted as a planar terdentate N,N,N_donor_ligand when reacted with palladium(II) to give the cationic products of (12), (13) and (15), respectively. Keywords Molybdenum complexes, tungsten complexes, palladium complexes; bidentate- N,N ligand complexes, terdentate-N,N,N ligand complexes, fenchone azine ligand complexes..

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According to the central limit theorem, the distribution of the sample mean is approximately normal if the sample size, n, is sufficiently large, regardless of original data distribution. However there seems to be a difference in opinion on how large n should be. Some books said that n = 25 is sufficient enough while some considered n = 30 to be sufficient. This paper investigates the size of n that would allow us to apply the central limit theorem when samples taken are from a  population. Keywords normal, central limit theorem..

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Phenoxyherbicides, namely 2(3-chlorophenoxy) propionic acid (cloprop) was intercalated into the interlamellae of Zn/Al-layered double hydroxide (LDH) by direct co-precipitation method. Powder x-ray diffraction patterns of the resulting materials show that the interlayer spacing expanded from 8.9 A in the Zn/Al-LDH to 20.5 A in the nanohybrid. This together with FTIR and compositional studies show that cloprop was successfully intercalated into the Zn/Al-layered double hydroxides interlayer for the formation of organic-inorganic nanohybrid. TGA/DTG thermal analysis shows that hybridization of cloprop into the interlayers of Zn/Al-LDH host enhanced the thermal stability of cloprop. Keywords Zn/Al-layered double hydroxide; 2(3-chlorophenoxy)propionic acid; nanohybrid; direct co-precipitation...

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The main purpose of this study is to investigate the impacts of the Malaysian-Based Pictorial Vocabulary Learning Model (MBPVLM) on lower secondary ESL students_ vocabulary learning. The mixed-methods research approach, specifically, the quasiexperimental research design was employed. The instruments used were the Pre-Test, Post-Test, Student Feedback Form and Semi-Structured Interview. Using convenience sampling, 60 Form 2 students from two secondary schools in Penang were selected for the study. 30 students were placed in the Experimental Group and another 30 in the Control Group. The scores gained from both Pre and Post-test were analysed by using descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test and paired sample t-test as quantitative data. The qualitative data from the semi-structured student_s interview was transcribed and analysed by using thematic analysis. The results based on the descriptive statistics depicts the percentage of improvement for experimental and control group .....

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Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan jenis tumbuhan dan media penurasan bagi merawat air kumbahan domestik menggunakan kaedah kolam tanah basah buatan. Kajian ini merupakan penyelidikan ujikaji plot pecahan (Split Plot Design) dengan plot utama terdiri daripada tiga jenis media turasan dan sub-plot 15 tumbuhan air. Setiap rawatan diulang tiga kali. Sampel air kumbahan yang dikaji dalam penyelidikan diperolehi daripada Kolej Harun Aminurrashid, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris. Air kumbahan dialirkan melalui media turasan menerusi pelbagai tanaman dan dibiarkan selama 10 hari. Parameter kualiti air yang diuji iaitu DO, BOD, TSS, pH dan kekeruhan serta diuji pada hari ke lima dan hari ke sepuluh. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa jenis medium penurasan yang diperbuat daripada kerikil, pasir, dan arang kayu menunjukkan kesan terbaik dengan menurunkan kekeruhan (86.5%), TSS (99%) dan BOD (35%), serta mampu menaikkan pH air daripada 4.44 kepada 6.33. Terdapat enam tumbuhan yang dikenalpasti .....

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Kajian kualitatif kes tunggal ini bertujuan meneroka amalan interaksi sosial pengajaran guru aliran perdana dalam Pendidikan Inklusif. Justeru, kajian ini dijalankan untuk meneroka amalan interaksi sosial pengajaran guru aliran perdana dalam Pendidikan Inklusif menerusi tiga persoalan utama iaitu: (1) Bagaimanakah kesediaan interaksi sosial dalam pengajaran guru aliran perdana menerusi Pendidikan Inklusif di sekolah menengah? (2) Apakah cabaran yang mempengaruhi amalan interaksi sosial dalam pengajaran guru aliran perdana menerusi Pendidikan Inklusif di sekolah menengah? dan (3) Bagaimanakah strategi untuk menangani cabaran interaksi sosial dalam pengajaran guru aliran perdana menerusi Pendidikan Inklusif di sekolah menengah? Kajian dijalankan di sebuah sekolah menengah di Selangor melibatkan sepuluh orang peserta kajian menggunakan instrumen protokol temu bual, senarai semak pemerhatian dan senarai semak analisis dokumen. Sebanyak 10 kali sesi temu bual dan 30 sesi pemerhatian dilaksa.....

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This creative work dissertation focuses on the performer as a co-creator in perfoming selected Chinese art songs based on its classical poetry by integrating Bel Canto singing techniques. By reviewing literature and performances, there were problems with performers' unclear pronunciation and inability to accurately express the charm when the singer use Bel Canto singing techniques. There are two objectives. The first objective leads to two sub-objectives. The first sub-objective is to compare the similarities and differences between Italian and Chinese in Bel Canto singing, and the second sub-objective is to apply the techniques of Yi Zi Xing Qiang and Run Qiang to perform Chinese art songs based on its classical poetry. The second objective is to perform the selected repertoire. This creative work dissertation is based on practice-led research, with the practice process as the research process and the results presented in the form of two recitals. The results suggest that the author a.....

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