This paper focuses on modifying the existing Conjugate Gradient (CG) method of Rivaie, Mustafa, Ismail and Leong (RMIL). The RMIL technique has been the subject of previous studies to enhance its effectiveness. In this study, a new CG search direction, IRMIL, has been presented. This new variation combines the scaled negative gradient, which acts as an initial direction, and a third-term parameter. This paper proves that the IRMIL satisfies the sufficient descent criteria. The method also exhibits global convergence characteristics for exact and strong Wolfe line searches. The methods efficacy is assessed using two distinct methodologies. The first methodology involved conducting numerical tests on conventional Unconstrained Optimisation (UO) problems. The test shows that, while the IRMIL method performs very similarly to other existing CG methods during exact line search, it excels during strong Wolfe line search and converges more quickly. For the second methodology, the NEWMRIL meth.....

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Purpose: This study intends to explore the knowledge distribution in immigrant entrepreneurship in a host country Malaysia. In Malaysia, most immigrants are workers who later started their own businesses. They have a higher tendency to engage in entrepreneurial activities thus knowledge distribution from previous employment is necessary. Research design, data and methodology: This qualitative study using in-depth interview approach was carried out with five immigrant entrepreneurs from Bangladesh conducting business in Malaysia. The data were gathered and analysed using thematic analysis facilitated by ATLAS.ti software. Results: The findings provide useful insights on the significance of knowledge obtained during immigrant entrepreneurs former employment in the host country, enabling them to identify the needed resources quickly to launch a successful business in a host country. Conclusions: This study contributes to the Knowledge Spillover Theory of Entrepreneurship specifically in t.....

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Barry J Zimmerman considered that self-regulated learning is an active learning process including strategy use, metacognition, and motivation. Self-regulation failure is the core problem of academic procrastination, which seriously threatens academic success. The present research aims to provide a complete outline of SRL and catch the trends and current hotspots. VOSviewer and Bibliometric software was used to analyze the data from the Web of Science core collection database. The results showed that there are a considerable number of publications of articles on self-regulated learning every year; the USA is the most influential country, and Maastricht University is the most productive institution; it is clear that most authors do not like to cooperate with others, which leads to major groups of writers like Azevedo Roger and Gasevic Dragan. The Frontiers in Psychology is an influential journal that received much more articles and citations. The main hotspots of self-regulated learning .....

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Background. In order to be successful in sports, coaches and athletes must work together. As a result, they play an important role in maintaining their relationship. Objectives. This cross-sectional study determines the athletes relationship toward coaches in Malaysia. Methods. This study included 168 male athletes and 195 female athletes. Archers made up the majority of the participants (12.4%), followed by athletes in athletics (8.8%), petanque (8.8%), and pencak silat (8.5%). An online survey was used, with two measures included: (a) demographics and (b) the Coach-Athlete Relationship Questionnaire (CART-Q). Results. According to the findings, the athletes have a stronger bond with their coaches. Furthermore, it is revealed a significant difference in commitment between males and females and years of experience with a coach. Male athletes are more committed to their coaches than female athletes (t = 2.39, p = 0.02). Athletes who have trained with a coach for more than ten years are .....

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Purpose: In recent years, issues like untrusted or questionable sources of information are indisputably rampant in the digital era. The quality of information is now found to be challenging with its kind of issues, crisis and also clarity in which it requires to have a strategic scenario and practice to enhance quality assurance in order to creating safe cyber-spaces. The initiative to organise information at the organisational stage has widely emerged on the cyberspace. This paper aims to examine the insights of the element of trust in quality communication and information management to drive key performance indicator to support organisational sustainability. This approach is likely to play a significant role in enhancing critical inquiry in to issue of trust in information to ensure untainted integrity and quality assurance of the source of the information. Design/methodology/approach: The preparation of this paper used a systematic literature review according to four phases, namely,.....

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Rapid development along the Kuantan River was long perceived as the rivers serve many communities in terms of drinking water source, domestic, fisheries, recreation, and agricultural purposes. Due to the rapid changes in technology and upsurge in chemical usage, pollutant alterations turn out to be more drastic with respect to space and time. Research on the trace metals in river water is quite limited in Malaysia, probably due to their ppb-level existence and the need for special handling techniques. Hence, the aim of this study is to forecast heavy metals concentration in Kuantan River waters using a collective of 10 years (2007 2016) dataset of heavy metals that provided by the Department of Environment, Malaysia. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to compute the data, which showed that As, Cr, Fe, Zn and Cd explain 67.3% of the total variance through three principal components. For ANN computation, those significant metals extracted from rotating PCA was selected and used .....

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Visualization is identified as a crucial element that affects students performance in Geometry. Technology plays an important role to assist weak students in visualizing concepts in Geometry. Teachers need proper planning in teaching to help their students in understanding the concepts. This study used partial least squares-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) to test the hypotheses to verify the effects of variables on teachers intention of integrating visualization technology in teaching geometry. The model consists of four constructs: teaching strategy, teaching activity, selection of media, tools and teaching aids, and assessment. The research instrument consisted of 30 survey questions for four main constructs: teaching strategy, teaching activity, selection of media, tools, and teaching aids and assessment. The questionnaires were distributed to 180 teachers who teach Mathematics in secondary schools. The study used a PLS-SEM modeling tool to analyze data for reliability and v.....

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Religious beliefs play a significant role including brand preference by adapting symbolic associations to motivate better engagement, which reflects the audience's personal behavioral dimension (values and beliefs) in marketing activities. However, religiosity's role in the development of a brand image by religious visual communication design is rarely discussed, even though there are emotional connections in the marketing activities. This studys objective is to understand how culture, specifically religiosity, could affect the brand image through local ads appeal. Five different brands from outdoor advertisements were selected as a case study for this research. A qualitative study was employed to obtain an in-depth appreciation in sociological context. Thus, seven informants of expertise participated using semi-structured interviews as the data collection tool and continued with thematic analysis assisted by Atlas.ti in identifying patterns across the collected datasets. Three main th.....

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Speaking practice is crucial for ESL (English as a Second Language) students. Nevertheless, accomplishing speaking activities via online learning might be difficult for the college students at universities in Malaysia as they are non-native English speakers. There have been several studies about students' perceptions and preferences on online learning. Nonetheless, there was only a little research conducted to ascertain deep online learning perceptions and preferences of the undergraduate ESL students in Malaysia. The current article's goal was to look at ESL learners' opinions on the experiences through online connected to speaking activities at a public institution in Tanjong Malim. The mixed-research method of study was used. In this article, observation checklist, semi-structured student interview, and questionnaire were employed to get the information from the sample. The sample was then subjected to statistical analysis and standard deviation, mean score, as well as percentage to.....

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Electronic commerce (E-Commerce) became an essential trading platform after the Covid-19 pandemic. From essential products to luxury brands, consumers can find almost everything on normal E-Commerce platforms except fresh agricultural products. Agricultural E-Commerce (AE) is introduced to overcome market needs, especially during the pandemic. Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is studied and integrated with additional variables to determine the needs of AE in Malaysia. This study studied five variables (product quality, logistic service quality, perceived price & value, platform design quality, and platform security) to determine Malaysian consumers purchase intention towards AE. Five hypotheses were developed to identify the relationship between the variables. A total of 300 AE users have contributed their perceptions as respondents in this study through a survey questionnaire. The survey questionnaire was distributed through non-probability sampling techniques. The collected data wer.....

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