Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes that dynamically form a network temporarily without any support of central administration. Moreover, every node in MANET movesarbitrarily making the multi-hop network topology to change randomly at unpredictable times. Therefore, the routing protocol that able to cope with the dynamic nature of the MANET is needed to maintain the communication data between mobile nodes in the network. This paper presents the performance compariso of OLSR and DSDV, protocols based on metrics such as packet delivery ratio, average end-to-end delay, and routing overhead by using the NS-2 simulator. The simulation results show that the performance of DSDV outperformed OLSR protocols in terms of average delay and routing overhead. 2023 Wydawnictwo SIGMA-NOT. All rights reserved...

193 hits

Triangular fuzzy numbers (TFNs) are used to express the weights of criteria and alternatives to account for the ambiguity and uncertainty inherent to subjective evaluations. However, the proposed method can easily be extended to other fuzzy settings depending on the uncertainty facing managers and decision-makers. Triangular fuzzy number (TFN) is a critical component in building fuzzy models such as fuzzy regression and fuzzy autoregressive. Many symmetrical triangular fuzzy numbers have been proposed to improve the scales linguistic accuracy. Additionally, Sturges rule is a well-known approach to determining criteria or intervals of grouped data. However, some existing TFN methods are challenging despite being considered in building fuzzy regression models. The increase in electricity distribution is caused by the number of customers and the amount of installed capacity factors in Indonesia. The identified factors are uncertainty, inexactness, and random nature. This paper investigate.....

422 hits

Voice pathology is a universal problem which must be addressed. Traditionally, this malady is treated by using the surgical instruments in the varied healthcare settings. In the current era, machine learning experts have paid an increasing attention towards the solution of this problem by exploiting the signal processing of the voice. For this purpose, numerous voice features have been capitalized to classify the healthy and pathological voice signals. In particular, Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) is a widely used feature in speech and audio signal processing. It denotes spectral characteristics of a voice signal, particularly of human speech. The modus operandi of MFCC is too time-consuming, which goes against the hasty and urgent nature of the modern times. This study has developed a yet another voice feature by utilizing the average value of the amplitudes (AVA) of the voice signals. Moreover, Gaussian Naive Bayes classifier has been employed to classify the given voice .....

208 hits

Although deep learning is a hot topic in the educational field nowadays, the study of how multimedia technology affects students deep learning of Chinese characters is still insufficient. Therefore, a quantitative study administered via a quasi-experiment was conducted, aiming to: analyse the difference in literacy writing achievement between students taught using multimedia technology as compared to those taught with conventional method; and explore whether the multimedia technology promotes deep learning of Chinese characters. A total of 73 primary school students were selected using the random sampling method. 36 pre-and post-test questions identified the difference in Chinese literacy writing achievement between the experimental group (n = 37) and control group (n = 36), while a questionnaire assessed differences in deep learning. The findings show that multimedia technology had no significant impact on the cognitive and intrapersonal domains but was effective in the interpersonal .....

253 hits

The Garden of Evening Mists is a symbolically charged historical narrative about the ramifications of Japanese colonisation in Malaya in the 1940s. A prominent metaphor in this novel is the garden in memorium of the protagonists deceased sister. This article explores the greening of postcolonial memories of the Japanese colonisation of Malaya in the novel and its deep engagement of Malaysian framed within the social, political and historical contexts. Using postcolonial ecocriticism as a reading lens, the analysis is carried out to be emblematically functional across the limitations of space and time in the countrys colonial history. The analysis displays that the author, Tan Twan Eng, through his authorial-defined social reality, re-enacts numerous snapshots from the Malaysia ecosystem in order to achieve a coherent engagement of Malaysia pre, during and post Japanese occupation. The finding also reveals that while Tans narrative provides us with some insights into the ways in which t.....

348 hits

This study aims to measure the efficiency of the general takaful operators in Malaysia with the selected inputs, labor cost and management fees. On the other hand, the output used is gross contribution. General takaful operators are the institutions governed by the Islamic Financial Services Act 2013 (IFSA). IFSA 2013 is the key statute governing the Islamic finance sector, which replaced statutes such as the Islamic Banking Act 1983 and the Takaful Act 1984. Based on the annual data gathered from 2014 to 2018 (post implementation of IFSA 2013), the efficiency is analysed using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) on four selected institutions in the general takaful business. DEA results show that Etiqa General Takaful Berhad, Syarikat Takaful Malaysia Am Berhad are considered as the most efficient. The rest of general takaful operators in the sample were deemed technical inefficient. The results also indicate that inefficient institutions including those with the lowest performance which a.....

457 hits

Academic performance of students is global issue of great concern to educators. This study sought to ascertain the effect of STEM problem-based learning as an inquiry approach on secondary school students performance in Biology at government-owned secondary schools in Kebbi State, Nigeria. The non-equivalent control group design was adopted. Two schools were selected in which purposive sampling was employed to select the participants. Each class contain 40 participants. The data was obtained using Diffusion and Osmosis Achievement Test (DOAT). The variables were evaluated using descriptive statistics and the Independent Samples t-test. Based on the results obtained the STEM Problem-Based Learning (STEM-PBL) have a significant and favorable impact on students' biology achievement and that students in the experimental group retained more Biology information compared to the control group. The study recommended among others that, Biology classes should be made more engaging to students and.....

289 hits

Purpose: It is widely argued that money laundering (ML) is not a new phenomenon and the pervasiveness of ML is associated with some severe economic, social and political costs. Due to the lack of studies on the MLs issue in the UAE, this study aims to examine the determinants of ML in the country between 1975 and 2020. Design/methodology/approach: The autoregressive distributed lag bounds testing results demonstrate the presence of long-run relationship between ML and the selected macroeconomics variables. The analysis is validated by the dynamic ordinary least squares, the fully modified ordinary least squares and the canonical co-integration regression estimators. Findings: The estimation result reveals that while the real estate market, outflow of money, arms procurement and size of the underground economy influences the size of ML positively, gold trade, the level of financial development and the size of economic activities are negatively associated with ML, both in the short- and .....

538 hits

Fostering students critical thinking (CT) is an increasing concern in EFL classrooms in China as many students struggle to utilize the skill, particularly in EFL reading comprehension classes. This study investigated the effects of graphic organizers (GOs) on 60 Chinese senior high school students CT skills (analyzing and generalizing) in EFL reading classes. This study adopted a quasi-experimental mixed-method research design involving an experiment and an interview. The findings of this study showed the positive impacts of GOs on students CT skills. After the intervention, the results of the experimental group improved significantly. The findings showed that GOs could effectively improve the analytical and generalization skills of Chinese high school English reading class students. The students in the experimental group reported that the instructions received were motivating, increased their comprehension, made them more focused on reading and aware of CT skills and how to apply them.....

259 hits

Utilising technologies to enable language learners to accept authentic and communicative assignments is proliferating, but its effect on their self-directed language learning (SDLL) needs to be investigated. To this end, the present study aimed to investigate English for specific purpose (ESP) learners views on using technology-enhanced task-based language teaching (TBLT) toward their self-directed language learning. A mixed-method approach with a sequential explanatory design with 103 nursing students as research participants. This study used two research instruments: the Likert scale and an open-ended questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, Path analysis, and thematic analysis were employed to analyse the data. The findings from quantitative data revealed that students learning needs and utilising skills of SDLL categories have a strong influence on English mastery after receiving technology-enhanced TBLT. Consequently, ESP students must also improve process planning and use skills. T.....

319 hits