Papaya is one of the fruit crops cultivated in Malaysia and contributed to more than USD 2 million in gross production value in the year 2022 which also threatened by plant diseases. Recently, Fusarium equiseti has been observed to cause post-harvest papaya disease in Malaysia. To date, there is limited study on the molecular processes related to the papaya defense mechanism during fungal infection. The objectives of the study are to identify the causal agent causing postharvest disease in Papaya fruit and changes in protein abundance involved in the papaya_s defense mechanism. Firstly, a fungal growth pattern was observed after incubating the samples on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), giving evidence of Fusarium involvement in the postharvest disease. F. equiseti on PDA forms fast-growing, woolly colonies with salmon to reddish-brown coloration. After successful amplification using PCR, producing distinct bands corresponding to approximately 583 bp and 576 bp for the first and second isol.....

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Education is any combined of learning experiences designed to help learners with the opportunity exploration of knowledge. This paper aims to highlight the substance of considering students_ perceptions of modern approach teaching and learning process. To accomplish this objective, researchers identified 45 subjects relevant to the research objective of the recent study. The result indicates that student_s perceptions regarding teaching aids using modern technology are significant, consider modern education as a viable option to an effective education. The findings of the study provide grasp of perspective into the administration of higher learning institutions regarding the aspect that lead to the satisfaction as university students. Keywords: Education, Perception, Technology, Teaching Aids..

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The aim of the study is to examine Shen Jiaben's legal reforms during the late Qing's New Policies era, focusing on his inheritance and transformation of Confucian thought within this reform context. This study employs intellectual history and comparative research methodologies to delved deeply into how Shen Jiaben upheld the core tenets of Confucianism while infusing them with new meanings. The research found that Shen Jiaben not only inherited the core principles of Confucian thought in his legal reforms but also creatively transformed them through selective reinterpretation of classical texts and adaptive integration of Western legal norms. By preserving Confucian ethics such as ren (benevolence) and li (propriety) while abolishing outdated practices like corporal punishment, he reconfigured Confucianism into a "social charisma" legitimizing institutional modernization. This dual approach revitalized Confucianism as a dynamic framework mediating between civilizational heritage and l.....

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The modification of gamma alumina (_-Al2O3) derived from used aluminium (Al) beverage cans as an adsorbent for wastewater treatment is an eco-friendly strategy that supports the Al recycling initiative in Malaysia. This research aimed to evaluate the potential of thiol functionalised _-Al2O3 as an adsorbent for Cd2+ removal. The research was conducted with three objectives: first the synthesis of _-Al2O3 from Al beverage cans (later named as _-Al2O3(S)) and thiol-functionalised _-Al2O3 (_-Al2O3-BDMT and _-Al2O3-TgA) from both commercial and synthesised _-Al2O3 (named _-Al2O3(C) and _-Al2O3(S) respectively); secondly, the characterisation of the adsorbents and finally the equilibrium adsorption studies in aqueous solution towards Cd2+, which includes adsorption isotherm profile and kinetics. From the adsorption studies, all adsorbents demonstrated an optimum Cd2+ removal at pH 6 at an initial Cd2+ concentration of 10 mg/L. However, _-Al2O3(C)-BDMT, _-Al2O3(S)-BDMT, _-Al2O3(C)-TgA and _-.....

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Digital games and virtual reality (VR) technologies are promising interactive learning tools for fostering computational thinking (CT) skills. However, robust and systematic frameworks for designing and implementing game-based learning experiences within VR environments are lacking, particularly for the development of CT skills. The research objectives are to: 1) develop an immersive virtual reality game-based learning (IVR GBL) framework to foster CT skills, 2) integrate the framework into a VR game, and 3) validate its usability and effectiveness in the context of the CT skills development. The framework was applied in the development of a VR game entitled _CT Saber_, designed to facilitate CT learning. The study employed a Design and development research (DDR) methodology, encompassing systematic literature analysis, expert reviews, and a quasi-experimental design. Nine experts in educational technology (digital games and VR) and CT validated the framework. The study involved 107 un.....

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Augmented reality (AR) applications are increasingly gaining attention in education due to its ability to create interactive and engaging learning. However, there are limited studies on their effect towards motivation and achievement in STEM learning among Orang Asli students. As such, this study aims to: i) identify the effects of using AR applications to assess the level of motivation among Orang Asli students in STEM learning; ii) establish the effects of using AR applications on the achievement level of Orang Asli students in STEM learning; and iii) measure the strength of the correlation between motivation and achievement in STEM learning among Orang Asli students when using AR applications. A total of thirty (30) Form 1 Orang Asli students from a school in Perak. This study employed a quasi-experimental design involving control and treatment groups, where the data were collected through pretest and posttest, as well as from questionnaires based on the Attention, Relevance, Confid.....

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This study examined the effectiveness of using Virtual Reality (VR) Headset Gear to reduce anxiety among male Sabah MSSM tennis players during the execution of a kick serve. A quasi-experimental design was utilized, comprising three phases: needs analysis with 26 coaches, validation by 10 experts, and an assessment of 40 male MSSM tennis players, 14 and 17 years old. The research instruments included the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2R (CSAI-2R) for measuring anxiety levels, the Sports Imagery Ability Measure (SIAM-M) for assessing mental imagery related to the kick serve, and the Relaxation State Questionnaire (RSQ) to evaluate relaxation levels. Results from the needs analysis indicated that 63.34% of the coaches agreed or strongly agreed on the potential benefits of VR in enhancing the training environment, with a mean score of 3.63 (SD = 1.22). Expert validation of the VR-based Psychological Mental Training Assessment demonstrated high reliability, achieving an overall mean .....

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Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk menilai pelaksanaan platform atas talian Google Classroom yang berada dalam kegunaan murid sekolah. Platform pengajaran dan pembelajaran atas talian adalah satu aspek penting pada zaman ini. Justeru wujud keperluan untuk mengenalpasti tahap persepsi guru dalam pelaksanaan Google Classroom. Kajian ini berbentuk tinjauan yang menggunakan soal selidik sebagai instrumen. Populasi kajian adalah seramai 139 orang guru daripada 12 buah Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan Tamil (SJKT) dalam daerah Kuala Kangsar. Daripada jumlah populasi, 103 sampel telah dipili h secara rawak mudah. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif secara analisis deskriptif dan inferensi . Data di analisis menggunakan SPSS . Hasil dapatan kajian deskriptif menunjukkan peratus tahap persetujuan guru-guru sekolah adalah tinggi terhadap kesemua empat konstruk iaitu konteks, input, proses dan produk. Manakala, dapatan ujian regresi berganda dalam kajian menunjukkan bahawa keempat-empat pembolehuba.....

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In disruptive need to create healthy workplace in organization, in other side, 98% employee experienced workplace incivility. Most of experienced workplace incivility instrument is developed and validated in English, and has not been much studied about experience workplace incivility instrument adapted from English to Indonesia. Hence, the research aims to cross-culturally adapt the Workplace Incivility Scale. The process of the translation and culture adaption is referred to the guidelines for the cross cultural adaptation process, as suggested by Beaton, consisting of 6 stages. The first stage is forward translation, second stage is synthesis, third stage is back translation, the fourth stage is expert committee review, the fifth stage is pilot-test, and sixth stage is submission and appraisal of all written reports by developer_s/committee. Translation is conducted using two independent translators, two language native translators, expert committee review that consisted of four expe.....

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This study aims to analyze the need for developing PISA type problems in change and relationship content designed to assess mathematical representation abilities. This research is a type of development research by adapting the Tessmer development model. This research was conducted in two stages, namely the preliminary stage, namely preparation and design, then the formative evaluation phase which included self evaluation, prototyping, small group, and field tests. This research is limited to the prototyping stage. The subjects of this study were SMK Diponegoro Depok students, Indonesia. The instrument of data collection consists of observation guidelines, interview guidelines, documentation sheets, and questionnaires. Data was analyzed by qualitative and quantitative techniques. The results showed that the design of the PISA type that had been developed was declared valid, so that it could be expanded at the stage of developing small groups and field tests. Thus, the design of the PISA.....

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