The study aimed to examine the effect of Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) on Boundary-Spanning Behavior (BSB) among frontline employees in China_s hotel industry and to test the mediating role of Organizational Embeddedness (OE) in this relationship.This study applied a quantitative research approach. The questionnaires were used for data collection. Using a stratified random sampling technique, 410 frontline employees from star-rated hotels in China were selected to participate in the study. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), with the aid of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) software. The findings showed the R2 of 0.619, indicating that 61.9% of the variation in BSB is explained by LMX and OE. The findings also revealed that LMX has a significant and positive effect on OE (_=0.751, p=0.000) while both the LMX (_=0.499, p=0.000) and OE (_=0.339, p=0.000) have a significant and positive effect on BSB. Furthe.....

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This study examines the effect, including the dominant effects of human resource management (HRM) practice dimensions (recruitment, selection and retention, training and development, performance appraisal, pay and benefits, teamwork, and employment security) on job commitment among multinational companies (MNCs) in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Next, the study will also examine the levels of HRM practice dimensions and job commitment among culturally diverse employees in multinational companies in the UAE. A quantitative approach was used, and data were collected via an online questionnaire from 361 employees across four UAE-based MNCs using proportionate stratified random sampling. Data were analyzed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26, involving descriptive and multiple linear regression analysis. The descriptive results indicated low mean scores across HRM dimensions: recruitment, selection and retention (M=2.373, SD=0.700), training and developm.....

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The aim of this study was to find out the impact of gender and Computer Mediated Communication (CMC) tools on students' willingness to communicate (WTC) in English. A quantitative research design was employed, combining survey and non-equivalent quasi-experimental methods. In the first phase, a questionnaire was used to collect data from 224 Form Four students. The second phase involved a non-equivalent quasi-experimental approach. The data were analyzed using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-test to examine significant gender-based differences in WTC. Participants were selected through non-random sampling. The Mann-Whitney U-test revealed a significant gender difference in WTC (U = 5171.5, p = 0.03), with females exhibiting higher WTC. The quasi-experimental findings indicated that students who used CMC tools showed significantly higher WTC compared to those in traditional classroom settings (U = 605, p = 0.01). Notably, while CMC tools enhanced WTC, gender differences in WTC remaine.....

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This study proposes a contemporary aesthetic evaluation framework for Chinese calligraphy by combining traditional Chinese artistic principles with Western formalist theories. A comparative analysis approach is used, referencing the theoretical models of Heinrich Wolfflin and Erwin Panofsky to examine selected traditional Chinese calligraphic styles. The analysis reveals that Wolfflin_s stylistic contrast principles and Panofsky_s iconological method can be effectively applied to the structural and expressive elements of Chinese calligraphy. The findings further show that these Western theoretical frameworks can uncover the visual distinctiveness and conceptual foundations embedded in traditional Chinese calligraphic practices. By bridging cultural and theoretical boundaries, this study offers a fresh perspective for critically evaluating Chinese calligraphy within global art history. The resulting framework not only strengthens scholarly understanding of calligraphic aesthetics but al.....

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Kajian ini berbentuk kuasi eksperimen bagi mengenal pasti keberkesanan Modul Pembelajaran Sejarah Abad ke-21 (Neo-21CL) terhadap penguasaan pengetahuan dan elemen kewarganegaraan dalam kalangan murid Tahun 5 di Mukim, Sungai Buloh. Modul Pembelajaran Sejarah Abad ke-21 (Neo-21CL) ini adalah diadapatasi daripada Kerangka Pendekatan Neoterik yang menekankan pendekatan kontekstual dan holistik. Seramai 84 sampel di Sungai Buluh, Selangor yang terbahagi kepada dua kumpulan iaitu kumpulan kawalan dan kumpulan rawatan yang dijadikan sebagai sampel kajian dalam tempoh 14 minggu. Pengumpulan data menggunakan soalan ujian, soal selidik dan temu bual. Analisis kajian yang digunakan ialah analisis deskriptif melibatkan nilai min dan sisihan piawai, manakala analisis inferensi melibatkan ujian-t, ujian kolerasi pearson dan akhir sekali analisis deskriptif bagi protokol temu bual. Data-data analisis diskriptif dan inferensi diproses menggunakan perisian Statistical Packages Social Science (SPSS) ve.....

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This study investigates the impact of learning motivation, professional identity, and self-efficacy on the pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) of preservice preschool teachers and the mediating effect of competence in vocational colleges in Gansu, China. Specifically, it aims to assess the direct effects of these three factors on PCK and competence, determine the mediating role of competence in these relationships, identify the strongest predictors of PCK, and understand preservice teachers_ perceptions of their training. A mixed-methods design was employed, whereby quantitative data were collected by administering 400 questionnaires, which yielded 382 valid responses from five vocational colleges. Conversely, qualitative data were gathered through semistructured interviews with 15 respondents. Quantitative analysis was conducted using SPSS and Hayes_ PROCESS macro, while the qualitative data was thematically analysed. The findings revealed that learning motivation, self-efficacy, prof.....

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This thesis investigates the role of Dalang Dance, an intangible cultural heritage of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, in strengthening cultural identity and safeguarding practices within secondary education. The study aims to understand how Dalang Dance can be effectively preserved and promoted among high school students by examining its cultural significance, identifying barriers to transmission, and exploring strategies for increasing awareness, appreciation, and participation. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining survey responses from 103 students with interviews involving four teachers and four cultural experts, alongside four direct observations of Dalang Dance performances. Findings reveal that Dalang Dance embodies Zhuang cultural identity through its agricultural symbolism, ritual functions, and collective aesthetic, while also serving as a medium of intergenerational learning and community cohesion. However, the research highlights a critical gap in awareness.....

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Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk mengenal pasti tahap, perbezaan, hubungan, sumbangan, menganalisis pengesahan faktor, pengaruh dan membina model amalan pedagogi pengajaran dalam kalangan GPI KAFA di Malaysia. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan sejumlah 400 orang GPI KAFA sebagai responden menggunakan kaedah tinjauan serta pensampelan rawak berstrata daripada lima zon. Instrumen kajian terdiri daripada satu set soal selidik yang telah disahkan oleh sembilan pakar kandungan dan nilai kebolehpercayaan instrumen dengan nilai Alpha Cronbach _ = 0.973. Statistik deskriptif iaitu kekerapan, min dan sisihan piawai dan statistik inferensi iaitu ujian-t, Anova, Korelasi, regrasi dan SEM-AMOS digunakan untuk menganalisis data kuantitatif. Dapatan kajian deskriptif menunjukkan interpretasi amalan pedagogi pengajaran berada pada tahap tinggi. Ini menunjukkan bahawa kecekapan sosial dalam kalangan GPI juga amat baik. Dapatan perbezaan amalan pedagogi pengajaran terhadap jantina dan .....

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The rapid growth of social media platforms such as Douyin has generated increasing interest in their educational potential. This study aims to examine the key factors influencing undergraduate students _ voluntary use of Douyin for educational purposes. Data were collected via cluster sampling from 547 students at Pingdingshan University, representing the general undergraduate institutions in Henan Province. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the relationships among Adoption, Purpose, and Personal Factors, and to test the mediating role of Purpose between Adoption and Educational Usage. The results indicated a good model fit, with adoption ( _ =0.365, p..

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FLL1 gene encodes an endogenous oil palm lipase that influence the innate quality of palm oil. While the genetic information is well-documented, FLL1 characteristics at the protein level remained unexplored. Therefore, this study aims to express and characterize recombinant protein FLL1 to understand its physical and chemical properties. FLL1 was efficiently expressed in Rosetta_ (DE3) pLysS competent cells using pFLL1-pGEX6P2 at 37 _C with 0.4 mM IPTG at A660 0.9. A purification method for producing high-purity FLL1 protein was established through affinity and ion exchange chromatography, suitable for downstream characterization and application. FLL1 enzyme activity peaked at 40 _C, and demonstrated its thermal stability by retaining 50 % of its activity after four hours of incubation at a similar temperature. FLL1 functioned best at pH 7 (PBS buffer) and remained highly stable at pH 8 (PBS and Tris-HCl buffers). Low LogPo/w organic solvents, especially isopropanol, significantly enha.....

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