Fair and open compensation is a critical component of employees_ happiness and satisfaction. To provide competitive and equitable pay, an analysis of current compensation is necessary. Therefore, the main goal of this paper is to investigate the relationship between possible factors and compensation among 368 workers who work in the mills and estates sector in Malaysia. This paper also aims to identify the differences in compensation between different job types and races. The result of the multiple linear regression model showed that only five factors (monthly working days, race, gender, worker type, and job type) were significantly associated with worker_s compensation. This paper also revealed that the monthly compensation for the four job types held by workers, which consist of general worker, harvester, mill worker, and rubber tapper in estates and mills, differed through the Kruskal-Wallis test. To conclude, the findings of this paper could support the strategic goals of the busin.....

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Kajian ini bertujuan untuk membangunkan platform pentaksiran gamifikasi Aero-P Escape bagi topik Respirasi Aerob dan menentukan kebolehgunaan platform ini dari perspektif pelajar Sistem Dua Semester (SDS) kursus Biologi Kolej Matrikulasi. Reka bentuk kajian ialah kajian pembangunan yang menggunakan pendekatan analisis kuantitatif. Platform pentaksiran gamifikasi Aero-P Escape dibangunkan berdasarkan integrasi Model ADDIE serta Lima Langkah Mengaplikasi Gamifikasi dalam Pembelajaran. Kesahan kandungan platform pentaksiran gamifikasi Aero-P Escape dinilai oleh enam orang pakar melalui borang penilaian kesahan kandungan. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan Content Validity Index (CVI). Bagi menilai kebolehgunaan platform pentaksiran gamifikasi Aero-P Escape dari perspektif pelajar, sampel kajian terdiri daripada 306 orang pelajar SDS dari Kolej Matrikulasi Zon Utara melalui teknik pensampelan rawak berkelompok berperingkat. Tahap persepsi kebolehgunaan platform ditentukan menggunak.....

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The rapid expansion of the smart tourism sector in China has intensified the demand for high quality smart guide applications. However, many existing products still suffer from usability flaws, including cluttered layouts, poor visual guidance, and high cognitive demands, which undermine visitor experience and limit industry competitiveness. Addressing this urgent gap, this study proposes and validates an eyetracking based usability evaluation model for smart guide tourism applications in China, aimed at optimising digital cultural tourism product design. Integrating Human Computer Interaction theory, Cognitive Load Theory, and the Technology Acceptance Model, the framework examines how interface usability influences user experience through emotional attractiveness, design complexity, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and cognitive load. A mixed methods approach combined eye-tracking metrics, task performance indicators, and Likert scale ratings with structured interviews an.....

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Penulisan sejarah daerah Larut bermula sejak beberapa tahun selepas pertapakan rasmi British di Perak melalui termeterainya Perjanjian Pangkor 1874, yang menandakan sebuah episod baharu dalam sejarah Malaysia. Seiring dengan peredaran masa, penulisan sejarah mengenai daerah ini terus berkembang sehingga ke era kontemporari dengan skop kajian yang semakin pelbagai. Namun begitu, isu utama yang diketengahkan dalam kajian ini ialah perkembangan penulisan sejarah daerah Larut yang tidak diperincikan secara mendalam berbanding penulisan sejarah Malaysia secara umum. Oleh itu, objektif kajian ini adalah meneliti perkembangan penulisan sejarah daerah Larut secara lebih mendalam, khususnya dari aspek perincian penulisannya, perbandingan tema, analisis penggunaan sumber, serta penilaian tafsiran. Data kajian diperoleh melalui kaedah kualitatif sejarah, manakala analisis bandingan dan analisis tekstual digunakan dalam penulisan dapatan kajian. Sumber rujukan diperolehi daripada Arkib Negara, per.....

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Kajian yang dijalankan adalah bertujuan untuk membangunkan model penggunaan eportfolio dalam pentaksiran mata pelajaran Asas Sains Komputer (ASK). Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan Reka Bentuk dan Pembangunan (DDR) yang melibatkan tiga fasa utama iaitu fasa analisis keperluan, fasa reka bentuk dan pembangunan dan fasa penilaian. Responden yang terlibat dalam kajian ini dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan kaedah pensampelan bertujuan. Fasa analisis keperluan melibatkan soalan selidik terhadap 140 orang guru ASK di Negeri Terengganu bagi mendapatkan maklumat berkaitan keperluan kepada pembangunan Model Penggunaan E-portfolio. Dapatan keseluruhan fasa pertama menunjukkan terdapat keperluan untuk membangunkan sebuah Model Penggunaan E-portfolio dalam mata pelajaran ASK. Fasa kedua kajian merangkumi fasa reka bentuk dan pembangunan dengan menggunakan kaedah Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) bagi mendapatkan konsensus pakar terhadap komponen utama dan elemen-elemen bagi komponen utama yang dibina dalam .....

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Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti kesediaan guru- guru tuisyen dalam menggunakan teknologi inovatif dalam matapelajaran Bahasa Tamil. Pengalaman penggunaan teknologi inovatif dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran turut dianalisis bagi mengetahui cabaran yang dihadapi oleh guru- guru tuisyen bagi meningkatkan penggunaan teknologi inovatif dalam pengajaran Bahasa Tamil. Kekurangan sumber terhadap penggunaan teknologi inovatif dalam kalangan guru Bahasa Tamil merupakan masalah utaman kajian. Pendekatan kualitatif digunakan dalam kajian ini iaitu temu bual separa berstruktur dan pemerhatian kelas. 10 orang guru tuisyen yang mengajar matapelajaran Bahasa Tamil di segelintir lokasi di negeri Perak dijadikan sampel dalam kajian ini. Instrumen kajian terdiri daripada soalan temu bual serta rubrik pemerhatian yang disediakan oleh pengkaji dengam mengaplikasikan komponen- komponen teori _UTAUT_. Kaedah penganalisisan tematik digunakan untuk menulis kajian ini. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa .....

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Text-based learning resources are critical for helping pupils learn mathematics. However, limited studies have been conducted on designing mathematics modules as text-based learning materials for Vocational High School (VHS) students. Hence, developing an integrated Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) and Project-based Inquiry (PIL) module could be an innovative solution. This study analyzes the validity assessment as a part of the developmental stage of developing the module. The validation process was conducted by a team of five experts in mathematics education, who used a questionnaire to assess the face and content validity. The questionnaire evaluated four key aspects of face validity: language, text, graphics, and presentation. In terms of content validity, it considered five crucial elements: suitability to the target population, implementation of each module activity based on the principles of RME and the phases of PIL, compatibility with the allocated time, ability to enhanc.....

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The use of smartphones among young children is increasing rapidly with the advancement of technology. However, excessive use can lead to addiction and have negative impacts on children. This study aims to translate the Smartphone Addiction Instrument for early childhood into Indonesian and subsequently verify the validity and reliability of the instrument. This study is a cross-sectional observational survey involving the participation of 50 parents of children aged 4-5 years in data collection. There are three stages in this study: the translation process was developed through translation and back-translation; the validity involves three types of testing: content validity by consulting three experts: a psychologist, a psychiatrist, and an early childhood education lecturer; structural validity conducted through exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis; and construct validity conducted using the Pearson test; and the reliability test was assessed using Cronbach's Al.....

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This study investigates the power graphs of the symmetric groups ____ for 3 _ __ _ 6. In a power graph, vertices represent group elements, and edges connect vertices if one element is a power of the other. The study identifies key structural patterns, including over 250 distinct subgraphs for ____. Specifically, complete subgraphs ____, correspond to cyclic subgroups of prime power orders. In contrast, incomplete subgraphs highlight the non-cyclic nature of symmetric groups for __ > 4, as they cannot be generated by a single element. This research provides a systematic characterization of power graphs for small symmetric groups, offering new insights into their combinatorial structure. Additionally, it contributes to the existing literature by demonstrating how the complexity of power graphs increases with __, revealing intricate power relations and the presence of both cyclic and non-cyclic structural components. Keywords Power graph of group, symmetric group, cyclic group, non-cycli.....

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This study used a pre-experimental research design with a quantitative survey. The study utilized the STEM teaching model developed in the previous study and implemented five STEM teaching practices for physics student teachers (PSTs) over two months. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used to analyse the data. The study showed that before the intervention study, PSTs had a low awareness of STEM education (mean = 2.525; standard deviation (SD) = 0.681) and a low level of readiness (mean = 2.786; SD = 0.718). After the experiment, both means increased significantly, reaching 3.83 (SD = 0.70) and 3.51 (SD = 0.91), respectively. Inferential statistics showed that there were significant changes in the STEM awareness and readiness of PSTs before and after the experiment (both p < .01;). The results of the Paired T-test showed Cohen's d of 0.912 and 0.558, respectively, which have a large and moderate effect. In summary, the STEM teaching model had a positive impact on the .....

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