This study aims to propose a new mathematical model for transmitting stunting prevalence in children. This study develops an initial model of stunting prevalence, namely the B.____ID compartment model, which considers important characteristics of stunting transmission. In this study, the resulting model is ____ ____ = __ _ __________ _ ____, ______ ____ = __________ _ ________ dan ____ ____ = ______ _ ____. This mathematical model will include the development of difference and differential equations to represent the transmission of stunting prevalence in real life, such as being able to describe the development of stunting in the future. Authorities can use this new initial mathematical model as a prevention strategy to reduce stunting prevalence. The extension of this study will include the application of the proposed BStID mathematical model to stunting data in Indonesia. Keywords: Children, Compartment Model, Difference Equation, Differential Equations, Stunting..

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This study compares two commonly used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) methods_Partial Least Squares SEM (PLS-SEM) and Covariance-Based SEM (CB-SEM)_to assess customer loyalty data in the telecommunications industry. The comparison was conducted using a dataset of 448 mobile service users in Melaka, where service providers have faced challenges in meeting performance standards. Findings reveal that PLS-SEM outperforms CBSEM in terms of Average Variance Extracted (AVE) and Composite Reliability (CR), with AVE values exceeding 0.68 compared to CB-SEM's 0.58, and CR values above 0.89 compared to CB-SEM's 0.84. These results highlight PLS-SEM_s superior construct reliability and validity, particularly for complex models and smaller sample sizes. This study provides valuable insights into selecting appropriate SEM techniques for customer loyalty research. Keywords: PLS-SEM, CB-SEM, customer loyalty, telecommunications, construct validity...

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The textbooks used are now the primary reference for teachers and students in following the learning system that the Ministry of Education Malaysia (MOE) has set up. This study explored students' ontogenic learning obstacles in learning Functional Graph Topic Form Two which is in the textbook. The researcher used a qualitative design by conducting semi-structured interviews with six students form two students who had undergone learning the Functional Graph Topic. The interviews were based on the student's experiences and answers to the written test sessions. Six respondents were selected from 22 students based on the criteria of the written test who studied the Functional Graph Topic with the same teacher. After the selection, interviews were conducted with the six respondents. Some aspects of ontogenic learning obstacles are psychological ontogenic learning obstacles, instrumental ontogenic learning obstacles, and conceptual ontogenic learning obstacles. In this research, the aspect o.....

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A needs analysis was conducted to identify the current requirements and preferences of students for the development of a Circle Kit for Form 2 Mathematics topics. The research involved a random selection of secondary schools from Kedah, Perlis, and Johor, with 90 Mathematics teachers chosen through purposive sampling to serve as the study_s samples. Employing a quantitative approach, data were collected using the Needs Analysis Questionnaire (NAQ) as the survey instrument, and the data were analysed using descriptive statistics. The findings revealed that 95.5% of the respondents acknowledged the need for a Circle Kit specifically tailored for Form 2 Mathematics. Moreover, a substantial majority, 75.4%, identified the Circle topic as the primary focus requiring attention in the development of the Circle Kit. Specifically, this study focuses on key aspects such as content, activities, assessment, and materials to optimise the effectiveness of the Circle Kit. In terms of content, 70.1% o.....

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The machine learning approach is widely used to investigate human activities, such as in the art field. In the music industry, a song's popularity is essential to predict before it is released. In this paper, we were interested in predicting the popularity of songs using the __-nearest neighbor regression. The Spotify app was used to gather some information related to the audio features of a song, i.e., song duration, instrumentalness, loudness, acousticness, danceability, energy, liveness, speechiness, audio valence, key, audio mode, tempo, and time signature. This research used mixed-type variables; thus, the dissimilarity is measured using the Gower distance. In addition, two weighting methods were also compared to predict song popularity. Using 10-fold cross-validation, we found that the inversely proportional weights-distance showed better prediction performance when compared with equal weight. Moreover, we also found the best performance in predicting the song popularity is obtai.....

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Spatial heterogeneity in family planning is a critical issue that reflects significant variations in contraceptive use and related indicators across regions, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to enhance family planning services. The Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model, a spatial analytical approach, incorporates geographic weights at each observation site to estimate localized regression parameters. This study aims to identify the GWR model and determine the factors influencing the Contraceptive Prevalence Rate (CPR) in 19 districts and cities in West Sumatera Province in 2023. The Adaptive Kernel Bisquare Function is employed to assign spatial weighting, while Cross-Validation (CV) is used to optimize the bandwidth, ensuring robust and localized model estimation. Using secondary data from the West Sumatera Central Bureau of Statistics, the study reveals substantial spatial variability in the factors influencing CPR. Key determinants include the number of fami.....

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Generative Learning is a strategy that have become increasingly in year 2020 to year 2024 among learners to actively engage with the material to construct their own understanding. However, not many instructors use this strategy in teaching and learning process and need to expose to the proper way to execute this strategy in classroom. The objective of this article is to reveal a systematic literature review about generative learning strategies in Mathematics teaching and learning process by analyzing its trend in Generative Learning Strategy (GLS). The review processes included five main methodological steps, namely guided by review protocol, formulation of research questions, systematic searching strategies based on identification, screening, and eligibility based on several well-known electronic databases such as Scopus and Google Scholar. The review process was then followed by analyzing 21 articles that were brought to quality appraisal, data extraction and analysis. The findings s.....

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This research aims to describe the process of developing the Fuzzy Delphi instrument to identify elements of the applied physics learning module integrated with STEM and Augmented Reality or AR (PhyARECi-STEM learning module). This questionnaire was developed based on the national standards of higher education analysis in Indonesia, Hilda Taba's curriculum model, module elements found in literature, interviews, and focus groups with experts. The study is descriptive. The 50-item questionnaire relates to learning outcomes, content, process, and assessment. Nine experts conducted the validity evidence of the Fuzzy Delphi questionnaire to ensure content validity. Subsequently, the questionnaire was distributed to 30 respondents to obtain reliability. The data analysis techniques used for validity and reliability were the Content Validity Index (CVI) and Cronbach's alpha. The study's results demonstrated the validity of the Fuzzy Delphi questionnaire, as evidenced by an I-CVI value within .....

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This study aims to characterise 4-Sulfocalix[4]arene (SC[4]) thin films using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) in analysing its thickness and surface morphology. Quartz substrates were cleaned using ultrasonic cleaning with an Elmasonic P70H. SC[4] thin films were then fabricated on a quartz surface using WS-400BZ-6NPP/A1/AR1 model spin coater from Laurel Technologies, producing thin films with 5, 10, 15, and 20 layers. Each thin film was characterised in the tapping mode of the AFM Park System NX-10. Scans were conducted on different film areas of different scales, and the data were analysed using XEI Data Processing and Analysis Software. Height measurements obtained via Line Profile analysis revealed a progressive increase in film thickness with the additional layers, demonstrating a significant linear relationship. AFM images showed precise 2D and 3D surface topography, indicating that the thin films became uneven and non-uniform with the addition of more layers. The findings demonstr.....

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X-Ray shielding efficiency of sand reenforced plastic concrete blocks synthesized using sand and waste sachet water plastic in the percentage ratio of 50:50, 30:70, 10:90 and 0:100 has been studied in this paper. The density of the synthesized concrete blocks and their x-ray shielding characteristics were measured using a densitometer and a set of x-rays shielding fixed diagnostic x-ray machine and digital Geiger counter respectively. The density value decreased as the sand percentage decreased from 1.922 gcm-1 to 1.250 gcm-1 with an increasing plastic percentage, resulting from the substitution of sand with lighter plastic. The linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) and the mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) values increased with an increase in the percentage of plastic while the tenth value layer (TVL) and half value layer (HVL) decreased with increase in the percentage of plastic in the concrete material. The value of the mean free path (MFP) appeared higher when more sand composition.....

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