The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of different relatedness supportive settings on the motivation, engagement and effort of a-motivated students in secondary physical education. 147 a-motivated students from 5 schools were taught in a setting that was either high or low in support for their need of relatedness. Data were collected using a pretest and posttest design to examine a-motivated student_s level of motivation, engagement and effort. Repeated measures ANOVA_s with follow-up comparisons were utilized to analyze the data. Results indicated that students engaged in the high supportive setting significantly increased their levels of motivation, engagement and effort compared with students in the low support group. Findings from this study provide the first empirical evidence that supporting relatedness can positively influence the affective aspects of students with low motivation. Keywords Low motivation, self-determination theory, relatedness..

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This study investigated the effects of game-based practice on year three pupils_ vocabulary acquisitions in the Chinese language classroom. Two different teaching practices were adopted, i.e. a game-based practice for the experimental group and a conventional based practice for the control group. The teaching program was the same for both groups. Each group had 30 pupils which were randomly assigned. Data was collected through a vocabulary acquisition test. Statistical results revealed that there were no significant differences between the two groups on vocabulary acquisition test. However, the middle vocabulary level pupils in the experimental group made significant improvement and performed as well as the high vocabulary level pupils. When tested separately, the pupils of high, middle and low vocabulary levels in the experimental group significantly performed better than those in the control group. These positive results offer a notable incentive to language teachers to include game-.....

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The education system in Malaysia plays an important role in strengthening the relationship among multi-ethnic students. This article uses data drawn from interview session, observation and document analysis, which aim to identify strategies to strengthen relationship among multi-ethnic students in a secondary school. Through purposive sampling, two school administrators, seven teachers and twenty form four students from various ethnicities were selected. This study revealed that, there were four strategies such as nurturing national integration, encouraging interactions among multi-ethnic students, stimulating acceptance and tolerance between students and creating school environment that reflects diversity of ethnics. The present findings provide new evidence illustrating how a secondary school implemented various strategies to strengthen student relationship and a few recommendations were made. Key words Diversity, multi-ethnic students, strategies, relationship, national unity, mult.....

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Teacher competence is recognised as an important requisite to improve students_ academic performance and their experiences of schooling. Although proponents of standard-based competency have welcomed its introduction, this article argues that standard-based competency poses significant challenges for teacher educators as they set out to train new teachers to begin teaching in ways that are congruent to the standards. The Malaysian government hopes that by initiating standards by which teachers are to be appraised upon, will in turn effect changes in how they are prepared. However, less understood are the challenges it presents for the teaching institutions. This article presents various challenges (and possibilities) for teacher educators. Although the article lacks empirical base for examining these issues, it offers instead a logical analysis based on the authors_ own (and others_) experiences to illuminate the issues. Keywords Competency, teaching standards, teacher education...

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The study is aimed to identify the extent to which play activities to play while learning improve students' level of thinking and recovery recognition. This study was conducted on six special remedial (Year 2) students aged 8 years old in a primary school. Datas were collected through observation and interviews. Datas were analyzed in narrative form. The results showed that there is a positive relationship between playing and learning activities and recovery cognition. Keywords Play, rehabilitation students, learning activities, cognition enhancement..

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Violence against women (VAW) is an urgent problem that not only has severe physical impacts but also psychological impacts. Predicting violence based on its type increases efficiency, accuracy, and early detection. This ensures that prevention, intervention, and policies can be more targeted and focused, as interventions for each type of violence vary and require a tailored approach. This study aims to develop the latest prediction model to predict VAW in each type which were physical, psychological, economic, and sexual violence. The methodology used is machine learning with the naive bayes, random forest, and logistic regression algorithms because it provides a balance of efficiency, ease of interpretation, and the ability to handle complex data often encountered in the context of predicting VAW. A representative research sample of 600 married women, data collection through questionnaires designed to capture variables and characteristics associated with various types of VAW. The desi.....

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Yangliuqing New Year Painting serves as a symbolic artistic model for the Chinese people. Having evolved over 300 years, its emergence and development remain significant with its image evolution frequently discussed in historical contexts. However, Yangliuqing New Year Painting struggles to attract younger generations, who prefer digital art, reflecting a decline in the appreciation of traditional art. The purpose of this study is to explore how painters and audiences have historically shaped the evolution of images influenced by life experiences and practices. The objectives are to analyze the selection of painters and audiences, examine the influence of national development trends. It is explaining the principles governing the evolution of images and develop a new framework for their development. This study employs a descriptive qualitative method with content analysis, incorporating both text and image data. Text data were obtained from interviews with 10 individuals and analyzed us.....

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Generally, parents who go to work would prefer their children to be with their grandparents due to blood relationship, trust, and experience. Such parenting service could become more essential when they could not find responsible housemaids or child minders. However, grandparents_ personal characteristics and family demographic influence grandchildren nutrition attitudes, emotional well-being, lifestyles, learning activities, and social skills. Furthermore, grandparents do shape the grandchildren_s behavior and educational performance in school. Based on the literature reviewed, academic research about grand-parenting influence on grandchildren development in Malaysia seems to be very limited; hence, this study aimed to give an insight into grandparents_ contribution to the grandchildren_s development in the country by applying the qualitative method approach to analyze data collected from twenty participants from two Malaysia states, namely, Ipoh and Wilayah Persekutuan. The analysis .....

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Teacher education programmes the world over are based on national ideologies, policies and development plans. They are grounded in the culture of knowledge espoused by the major stakeholders (Bruner, 1996). The culture in turn is based on the value system espoused by the stakeholders concerned and this value system is incorporated and reflected in the teacher education programmes, particularly its curriculum and the management and development of the curriculum. A value system is in essence the ordering and prioritization of the ethical and ideological values that individuals or society hold. However, value systems are not something static. On the contrary they are dynamic and ever changing. In view of the emerging trends and challenges of globalization (Friedman, 2004), it has become necessary to view teacher education within the wider context of both the professional community and society at large. The state and nature of the rapid change requires teacher education to be more outward .....

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This paper will present part of a larger study on the development and implementation of a Thinking-based Learning (TBL) instructional manual for secondary science. Two of the research objectives discussed in this paper is to determine teachers_ perceptions in conducting the TBL approach in the regular classroom and the students_ motivation after undergoing a series of TBL activities. Four teachers from 4 different schools volunteered to conduct TBL science lessons to an intact group of 187 students. Another group of 40 MRSM science teachers were given a 2 days TBL workshop. A five point Likert scale questionnaire on teachers_ perception and an intrinsic motivation inventory was used to collect data. The findings showed that despite 79% of teachers who are in favor of the TBL approach, many constrains faced by them might impede the implementation and success of the approach. 85.6% of the students were highly motivated intrinsically after undergoing the TBL lessons. It can be concluded t.....

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