The comparative study was conducted to investigate the systematics of six genera of Lamiaceae and two genera of Verbenaceae. Three aspects of the study, which were morphological, anatomical and phytochemical, were carried out to determine significant taxonomic characters. The data obtained were then used to construct taxonomic keys for genera and species involved. A total of 22 species were collected from several forest reserves in Malaysia. Samples were prepared for herbarium vouchers, anatomical study, and phytochemical procedures. Morphological characters were observed and recorded. Anatomical slides of leaf were prepared using standard microtechnique method, while phytochemical screening was conducted using Qualitative Phytochemical Screening and Thin Layer Chromatograph (TLC). All characters obtained were numerically analyzed using the Multivariate Statistical Package (MVSP) and Phylogeny Analysis Using Parsimony (PAUP). The findings showed that some characters have hi.....

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The study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of using film versus book on the comprehension of literary texts among Kurdish university students. The study also investigated the factors influence the level of comprehension of Kurdish university students. The participants of the current study consisted of 15 third-year Kurdish students enrolled in the English department of the Faculty of Humanities at the University of Zakho in Kurdistan, Iraq. The participants were divided into three equivalent groups and subjected to three treatments wherein each group was put to three different types of teaching approaches. The data collection procedure included two retelling tests that were carried out at different periods of time in which the participants retold a story through writing. The data procedure also included a questionnaire that was designed to determine the factors that influence the participants’ reading comprehension. The results obtained from both tests showed.....

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The study was conducted to identify the common errors in the use of past tense forms made by Kurdish learners of the English language when writing essays and to investigate the factors that influenced these errors and how the Kurdish first language affect the process of learning the English language. The participants in this study were from the English Department, Faculty of Humanities, University of Duhok. A total of 29 students participated in this study. All the errors were identified and classified into various categories. The results of the study showed seven most common errors in the use of past tense form committed by the participants. These errors were simple past, past progressive, past perfect, past passive, future in the past, irregular verbs and regular verbs. The findings also showed that the errors committed were influenced by the use of the participants‟ first language and intralingual factors. On the basis of these findings, the researcher discussed some pedagogical i.....

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This study seeks to find out whether the use of peer editing through Wikispaces could help to correct errors in students’ writing. Five types of common errors are focused in students’ writing: grammar, spelling, word choice, punctuation and sentence structure. The participants were 25 Form Four students of a Smart School in the district of Kinta, Perak. Students wrote two descriptive essays and a two-week peer editing sessions were carried out. Students’ participation and progress were both monitored via Wikispaces. This study adopts a case study research design. Online-writing records (students’ essays), observation form, questionnaire, semi-structured interview, feedback form and a reflective research diary are used for data collection. Data obtained from field notes, students’ essays, interview transcripts and reflection research diary reveal that there are several features on Wikispaces that supports the students to perform better in the peer editing and error .....

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The genus Kopsia, which belongs to the family Apocynaceae, has been used extensively in traditional treatment. This mini-review provides a comprehensive analysis of the chemical diversity of indole alkaloids from Malaysian Kopsia species and their biological activities. Fourteen species with 164 indole alkaloids have already been studied and successfully isolated and characterised. Most of them are categorised as aspidofractinine, aspidospermane and eburnane types. The literature and references for this manuscript were obtained from various sources including SciFinder®, Reaxys®, ScienceDirect®, PubMed Central®, NIH National Library of Medicine, Google Scholar and The Plant List®. Keywords: Apocynacae, Kopsia, indole alkaloids, aspidofractinine, aspidospermane, eburnane..

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This article review is designed to bring some updates on the phytochemistry of the Loranthaceae family in order to throw more light on future research priorities. Loranthaceae family is the leading pantropical semi parasitic shrubs generally termed mistletoe. They consist of about 75 genera and 1000 species growing in many countries of Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, South America and New Zealand with diverse widespread uses in adornment, food and medication. The literatures for this review was collected from various online databases: Google Scholar, PubMed, Research gate, Science Direct, Scopus and web of Science for nine genera namely, Globimetula, Scurrula, Dendrophtoe, Loranthus, Phragmanthera, Tapinanthus, Taxillus, Tripodanthus and Viscum based on the type of phytochemicals, popularity and environmental setting. Chemical studies of the Loranthaceae species have produced a number of important phytochemicals belonging to different classes. The recent investigations led to the disc.....

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Natural products have been found to have antidiabetic effects in a growing number of studies, making them a popular topic in antidiabetic research. This paper sought to examine the present state of plant extract research and provide emerging trends in the field through bibliometric analysis based on publication outputs, co-authorships between authors and affiliated nations, and co-occurrences of author keywords. Research papers on natural remedies for diabetes were taken from the Scopus core collection database. The studies were analyzed and plotted using VOSviewer. According to the results, there has been a consistent rise in the total number of publications since 2008, with an increase of 50 articles every two years. This pattern has continued to this day. The findings of this investigation indicate that 2190 records of plant extract in antidiabetic research were published between 1989 and 2022. Researchers in India accounted for over 30% of all publications published worldwide. Addi.....

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The profile of glyphosate (GLY) residues in maize grains sold in the Federal Capital Territory Abuja (FCT), Nigeria, was assessed. Twenty-six maize grain samples of yellow and white morphotypes were collected from some selected markets within the FCT, Abuja. Analytical methods on the pulverized maize grains included solvent extraction using (acetonitrile/water (55:45), clean-up of pesticide residues as described by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists Quick Easy Cheap Efficient Rugged and Safe method (AOAC-QuEChERS) and quantification done by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detector. The results showed that the mean concentration of glyphosate in the maize grains ranged below the detection limit (BDL) to 24.30±0.002 mg/kg with a mean glyphosate concentration of 3.474 mg/kg was detected. Three samples representing 11.54% of the samples collected from Gwagwalada and Nyanya markets violated the World Health Organization (WHO)/Food Agricultural Organizatio.....

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Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan hubungan antara kepimpinan transformasi guru besar dengan komitmen guru di sekolah rendah daerah Jerantut. Reka bentuk penyelidikan kuantitatif dan kaedah tinjauan dipilih untuk menjawab tiga persoalan kajian dan hipotesis. Sampel terdiri daripada 285 orang guru dari 48 buah sekolah rendah daerah Jerantut. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan analisis inferens. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa tahap kepimpinan transformasi guru besar (min = 4.38) dan komitmen guru (min = 4.51) adalah pada tahap yang tinggi. Dapatan kajian turut menunjukkan bahawa dimensi pemboleh ubah kepimpinan transformasi guru besar iaitu rangsangan intelek (min=4.43) merupakan tahap dimensi tertinggi diikuti oleh dimensi pertimbangan sosial (min=4.39), motivasi berinspirasi (min=4.38) dan pengaruh ideal (min=4.32). Manakala dalam dimensi komitmen guru, komitmen terhadap kerjaya (min=4.62) merupakan tahap dimensi tertinggi diikuti dimensi komitmen ter.....

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Kajian ini dijalankan adalah bertujuan untuk meneroka Video Penceritaan Digital dalam meningkatkan amalan membaca dan kemenjadian murid. Objektif kajian ini adalah meneroka kesesuaian kandungan Video Penceritaan Digital dalam meningkatkan amalan membaca dan kemenjadian murid, mengenalpasti samada Video Penceritaan Digital dapat meningkatkan amalan membaca dan meneroka kemenjadian murid dari aspek kemahiran komunikasi. Reka bentuk kualitatif dan jenis kajian kes ini menggunakan kaedah analisis dokumen, temu bual dan pemerhatian dan juga deskriptif. Seramai sebelas orang responden yang terdiri daripada seorang Pegawai Perkhidmatan Pendidikan (Sektor Sumber Teknologi dan Pendidikan), lima orang guru dan lima orang murid. Data dianalisis dalam bentuk analisis tematik menerusi kaedah analisis kandungan. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa kandungan Video Penceritaan Digital haruslah sesuai dari segi elemen multimedia yang baik, tidak keterlaluan serta bersesuaian dengan kognitif m.....

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