This case study was conducted qualitatively to explore and understand the process through Science Creative Teaching Design (SCTD) implementation. Seven informants including two Science teachers and five form two students from selected boarding school were involved in this research. Data were collected through in-depth semistructured interviews, observations, document analysis and field notes. The data were further analyzed through coding, categorizing and sub- themes to develop the main themes. This research found that, SCTD tool was feasible for Science teachers, improves both teachers’ and students’ emotions against stressful and less innovative teaching and learning. Informants have practiced almost all suggested creative strategies, hence, demonstrated creative teaching and learning and active teaching. Thinking culture was found amongst students and teachers as they attained creative thinking characteristics such as cognitive flexibility, originality thinking, fluen.....

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Kajian ini adalah bertujuan menilai Program Intervensi Tambah Opsyen (PITO) dalam kalangan guru Sejarah bukan opsyen di sekolah menengah dengan menggunakan model penilaian CIPP. Pengesahan instrumen penilaian menggunakan model pengukuran Rasch. Pendekatan kuantitatif dengan reka bentuk tinjauan telah digunakan dalam penilaian ini. Pemilihan subjek penilaian dijalankan secara census sampling iaitu melibatkan 247 orang guru bukan opsyen yang pernah mengikuti PITO Sejarah dari tahun 2011-2013 seluruh negara. Instrumen penilaian yang digunakan ialah borang soal selidik. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan inferensi. Analisis deskriptif menjelaskan sumber, aktiviti dan tahap kepuasan pengajaran guru, manakala statistik inferensi pula melibatkan ujian-t dan ANOVA yang menerangkan perbezaan dalam pembolehubah penilaian. Hasil penilaian menunjukkan bahawa sumber yang digunakan dalam PITO dan aktiviti yang dijalankan dalam PITO menyumbang ke arah peningkatan p.....

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Chemical composition and anticholinesterase activity of the essential oil of Pavetta graciliflora Wall. ex Ridl. (Rubiaceae) was examined for the first time. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and was fully characterized by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 20 components were identified in the essential oil, which made up 92.85% of the total oil. The essential oil is composed mainly of β-caryophyllene (42.52%), caryophyllene oxide (25.33%), β-pinene (8.67%), and α-pinene (6.52%). The essential oil showed weak inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (I%: 62.5%) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) (I%: 65.4%) assays. Our findings were shown to be very useful for the characterization, pharmaceutical, and therapeutic applications of the essential oil from P. graciliflora .  ..

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The chemical composition and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of the essential oil from the leaf of Cyathocalyx pruniferus growing in Pahang, Malaysia was investigated for the first time. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and fully characterized by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of thirty chemical components (95.5%) were successfully identified in the essential oil which was characterized by high proportions of α-pinene (25.4%), germacrene D (20.2%), β-caryophyllene (10.8%), and δ-cadinene (6.4%). Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity was evaluated against the Ellman method, and the essential oil showed good inhibition against acetylcholinesterase (Percentage inhibition: 75.5%) assay...

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This study was aimed to investigate the chemical compositions of the essential oils from Goniothalamus mac-rophyllusandGoniothalamusmalayanusgrowinginMalaysia. Theessentialoilswereobtainedbyhydrodistillationandfully characterized by gas chromatography (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Analyses of the essential oils from G. macrophyllus and G. malayanus resulted in 93.6 and 95.4% of the total oils, respectively. The major components of G. macrophyllus oil were germacrene D (25.1%), bicyclogermacrene (11.6%), α-copaene (6.9%) and δ-cadinene (6.4%), whereas in G. malayanus oil bicyclo-germacrene (43.9%), germacrene D (21.1%) and β-elemene (8.4%) were the most abundant components.  ..

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Lead is a multisystemic toxicant when it accumulates and is hazardous to health. This study was conducted to determine the effect of Caulerpa lentillifera aqueous extract on lead accumulation in the internal organs and liver functions of lead-intoxicated rats. Sprague Dawley rats (n = 24) were divided into four groups (n = 6). Group I was healthy rats treated with saline (2 ml/kg bwt) daily for 28 days. Group II was healthy rats treated with C. lentillifera aqueous extract (500 mg/kg bwt) daily for 28 days. Group III was intoxicated with lead acetate (20 mg/kg bwt) daily for 4 days and then treated with saline (2 ml/kg bwt) for another 24 days. Group IV was intoxicated with lead acetate (20 mg/kg bwt) daily for 4 days and then treated with C. lentillifera aqueous extract (500 mg/kg bwt) for another 24 days. Lead accumulation in the internal organs was measured by the atomic absorption spectrophotometer and the liver function markers were determined using assay kits. Lead intoxication s.....

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The factors that influence food choices nowadays are time, cost and deliciousness. An obvious example is fast food. Although consumers are aware that fast food is not a healthy choice, many still chooses fast food because it is convenient. Therefore in this paper, by using linear programming, we analyzed McDonald”s Malaysia menu in order to find the cheapest menu and the “healthiest” menu. We developed a linear programming model for McDonald”s Malaysia menu which adheres to Malaysia Recommended Nutrient Intake 2017 (RNI 2017). Then we solved the model and proposed the cheapest menu and also the “healthiest” menu that meets the nutrient requirement based on RNI 2017. The result showed that price for the cheapest palatable menu is RM21.69 a day. For set menu, we found that no menu meets this requirement, suggesting that McDonald”s set menu should not be taken three times a day. The price for the “healthiest” McDonald”s menu with the least total of fat, sugar and salt .....

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Integration of azo group into a polymer structure is one of the favourable options to enhance the conductivity and stability of a polymer. In this study, the azobenzene-linked nanowires were fabricated on three different solid electrodes by engaging electrooxidation to induce oxidative coupling. The formation of azobenzene-link in polymer structures was investigated and discussed. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results revealed that the azobenzene-links were present in the polymeric structures. Besides that, the cyclic voltammograms proved the presence of azobenzene-linked and the nanowires shown to be stable upon repetitive scans. This study discovered that the nanowires formed a covalent bond on the surface of solid electrodes. Despite the differences in term of chemical composition between the electrodes, successful polymerisation had shown the potential of these electrodes to widely engage in areas such as energy storage and photonic devices. The photofunctionality and plausi.....

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Kajian ini memfokuskan tentang gajah dalam kehidupan masyarakat Melayu di Tanah Melayu, menjangkau tempoh sehingga tahun 1957. Tanah Melayu masih menggunakan khidmat gajah dalam pelbagai kegiatan terutama yang melibatkan urusan rasmi para pemerintah. Hal ini kerana gajah merupakan haiwan yang penting dalam sosiopolitik masyarakat Melayu pada zaman tradisional disebabkan oleh kepelbagaian fungsinya. Gajah seringkali dianggap sebagai ‘haiwan elit’ kerana banyak dimiliki oleh golongan bangsawan Melayu. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif dengan memberi penekanan melalui analisis dokumen dan manuskrip. Pengkaji membuat rujukan daripada Arkib Negara Malaysia dan Muzium Arkeologi Lembah Bujang dalam memperolehi sumber-sumber seperti Fail Setiusaha Kerajaan Negeri, Surat-Surat Persendirian (SP), akhbar, naskhah-naskhah Melayu lama, Colonial Office Record, Annual Reports, and States Enactment. Kajian turut dijalankan di beberapa perpustakaan awam seperti Perpustkaan Univer.....

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This concept paper is about character education framework within the context of multira-cial society in Malaysia. It discussed social development from the perspective of integrat-ed education. In the context of multiracial and multicultural society, character education is needed to address the issue of education from different social settings. As such, within the Malaysian context it is Malay, Chinese and Indian education blended together to de-velop social cohesive society in Malaysia. The unique aspect of multiracial and multiethnic society in Malaysia where each society inherited its own educational legacy is now bridged by a cohesive character education framework that makes a real Malaysian society though bound by racial element but united through cohesive values. Integrating universal values, and cultures that bind together different ethnics using common language, and approach is an integral part of character education framework..

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