This study aimed to develop and characterise the fish scale-collagen cream (CoC) for topical application. Hydrolysed collagen (HC) was extracted from Tilapia fish scales using a  combination of hydrothermal extraction and enzymatic hydrolysis. This   HC (molecular weight, Mw ≈  1 kDa) was incorporated in water-in-oil (w/o) emulsion of Span 60:Tween 60/water/virgin coconut oil  (VCO) system at water volume fractions (φw) of 0.74, 0.83, and 0.94 via high shear homogenisation  technique. The developed CoC were then characterised by optical polarising microscope (OPM), field  emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), particle size analyser, differential scanning  calorimetry (DSC), and rheometer. Up to 20 wt% HC has been successfully loaded in all emulsion  systems  and  the optimum loading  achieved  at HC  content  as low as  5 wt%. The best CoC system  with great physical characteristic, fine texture  (305 nm) and  uniformly  disperse  in  VCO  ph.....

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Communicative  content  in  human  communication  involves  expressivity  of  socio-affective  states.  Research  in  Linguistics,  Social Signal  Processing  and  Affective Computing  in  par­  ticular, highlights the importance  of affect, emotion  and attitudes as sources of information for  communicative  content.   Attitudes,  considered  as socio-affective states of speakers,  are  conveyed  through a multitude of signals during communication.  Understanding  the expres­ sion of  attitudes of speakers is essential  for establishing  successful  communication.  Taking the  empirical  approach  to studying  attitude expressions,  the main objective  of this  research is  to contribute  to the development  of an  automatic  attitude classification system  through  a  fusion of  multimodal  signals expressed  by speakers  in  video biogs.  The present  study  de­  scribes a new communicative genre of self-expres.....

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This  research  aimed  to  modify  and  examine  the  role  of  new  graphene-compatible surfactants  and  the  mechanism  in  the  stabilisation  of  graphene  incorporated  into  biopolymer   matrix   namely   natural   rubber   latex   (NRL)   and   cellulose   for   the  preparation   of   conductive   nanocomposites.   The   surfactants   were   systematically  designed and synthesised to have enhanced compatibility with graphene as compared to  commercially   available  common  surfactants.  The  modifications  are  centred  on variation  of  surfactant   chain  degree  as  well  as  aromatic  numbers  on  surfactant  tail, aromatisation on surfactant  headgroup,  ion exchange of hydrophilic headgroup,  and metal  incorporation  on  surfactant   headgroup.  The  graphene-compatible  surfactants have  been  investigated  by a  range  of   techniques  including  proton  nu.....

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The work presented in this thesis evaluates the status of Peninsular Malaysian Cyatheaceae and used molecular and morphological identification tools for the local species. 419 Cyatheaceae frond sample were collected from the widest possible range of Peninsular Malaysia to obtain material for morphology and molecular study. 15 Cyathea species were identified and the species information for Peninsular Malaysia was updated. The species was incorporated into the existing Cyatheaceae phylogeny by using four plastid regions: matK, rbcL, trnG-trnR and trnL-trnF. Bayesian MCMC analysis of the concatenated sequence data resulted in a 50% majority rule consensus tree confirm the placement of the four groups: Cyathea, Alsophila, Gymnosphaera and Sphaeropteris in the family. However, the resulting tree representing nested monophyletic groups, proposing Cyatheaceae to be monogeneric, i.e., Cyathea with two large groups: Cyathea and Sphaeropteris. The same plastid regions were then evalu.....

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The purpose of this study was to identify the transformational leadership, transactional leadership, entrepreneurial  orientation  and  organisational  performance  of  Small  and  Medium  Enterprises (SMEs)  in  Malaysia.  Four    main  constructs  were  selected  namely  transformational    leadership, transactional  leadership  ,  entrepreneurial  orientation  and  organisational  performance  based  on Resource  Based  Theory  (RBT)  by  Galbreath  (2005)  and  Transformational  Leadership  Theory  by Bass (1985). The research design used in this study was a survey method and data  were collected using quantitative approaches. The respondents were 401 owner or manager of SMEs operating in manufacturing  and  service  industries  in  Kuala  Lumpur  and  Selangor.  The  respondents  were selected    using    the    Stratified    Sampling   Technique.   The    study    instrument    applied    was questionnaires......

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This study examines the influence of three variables,namely strategic management of organizational commitment and organizational culture to work performance variable, and variable of three variables, namely strategic management of organizational commitment and organizational culture to sesame variable on employee at Muhammadiyah University of Indonesia. The sample used according to the calculation of cluster sampling probability proportionate to size model (PPS) with the formulation of Slovin obtained 386 employees at 12 muhammadiyah universities in Indonesia. The developed instrument combines part of the existing questionnaire related to strategic management, organizational commitment, and work performance,using the Likert Method of Successice Interval (MSI) scale. The use of regression analysis to test the hypothesis can be used if it meets the five underlying classical assumptions,namely normality, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, autocorrelation and linearity. Further testing.....

1479 hits

This study aims to determine the effect of religious beliefs and entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial action in the context of the people with disabilities (PWDs) specifically students with disabilities (SWDs). To conduct this research, quantitative approaches was adopted. Structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis was performed to analyze the data, which gathered from a cluster sampling of 265 students with disabilities (SWDs) from selected public universities in Kuala Lumpur and Selangor. The findings reveal that entrepreneurship education induces entrepreneurial action. On the other hand, religious beliefs do not have any significant effect on entrepreneurial action. This study provide information to the universities, curriculum developers and the related ministries to improve the present entrepreneurship curriculum to cater the specific needs of SWDs as well as effective efforts or programs that aim to inspire and encourage SWDs towards entrepreneurship..

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This study aimed to examine the level of students' procedural knowledge on mathematics. In addition, the difference between conceptual knowledge based on gender and program. Measurement of knowledge is based on the Procedural Knowledge Test (PKT). A total of 350 respondents were selected from four daily secondary schools in Petaling Utama, Selangor as a sample of the study. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis to find out the level of variables measured. In order to identify the main effects and interactions between gender and program variables, inference analysis is a two-way ANOVA test performed for procedural knowledge dimension. ANOVA test showed no interaction effects between gender for procedural knowledge of mathematics (p 0.05). In conclusion, mathematical knowledge is very important at the upper secondary level as a high level of mathematical thinking is required to ensure excellent in mathematical achievement. This is effectively as a long time learning system a.....

352 hits

The purpose of this research was to determine the use of interactive board in students’ achievement and motivation in the topics of space. The research methodology is based on an quasi experiment whereby two different teaching techniques were applied, which were traditional technique for the controlled group and teaching by using interactive board for the treatment group. The data were students’ scores on their performance on the pre-test and post-test while the data on students’ level of motivation was collected using a questionnaire: Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ). 60 students were selected as samples and they were divided into two groups of 30 students in the controlled group and 30 students in the treatment group. The difference of students’ scores was then analyzed using t-test. The results of this study indicated that the mean score of post-test for the treatment group is significantly higher. In conclusion, the treatment group who had undergone th.....

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This study aims to construct HOTS’ items for Topic of Fraction in Mathematics subject for students in Form One. Validity of the content of HOTS’ item was made by 5 experts. Verification involves suitability of items and cognitive level of the items. A total of 20 items were selected and approved by experts that the item meets the HOTS’ benchmark as planned. Validity of the research instrument was determined through validity of face, content and construct by 5 experts. A pilot study was conducted on 15 teachers of Mathematics. The Cronbach Alpha coefficient was between 0.812 and 0.911. To measure usability of HOTS items, 32 respondents consisting of teachers of Mathematics in secondary schools. Analysis of data using descriptive analysis was generated using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The results showed that for section Knowledge about HOTS, the mean value for each item is between 4.5938 and 3.6563. The Content of HOTS’ Item section, the mean value is between .....

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